Trampa naftas sankcijas: b\u012bstama sp\u0113le ar Venecu\u0113las ku\u0123niec\u012bbu<\/p>\n
Tiek zi\u0146ots, ka Donalda Trampa administr\u0101cija, izvietojot karafloti, lai aiztur\u0113tu sankcij\u0101m pak\u013cautos Venecu\u0113las naftas s\u016bt\u012bjumus, iet pa sevi\u0161\u0137i b\u012bstamu juridisko ce\u013cu. \u0160\u012b agres\u012bv\u0101 taktika, kas negaidot tika ieviesta, s\u0113jusi ba\u017eas Kongres\u0101 un starp starptautisko ties\u012bbu ekspertiem par iesp\u0113jam\u0101s eskal\u0101cijas riskiem.<\/p>\n
Juridiski \u0113nas un kara draudi<\/p>\n
Trampa l\u0113mums blo\u0137\u0113t Venecu\u0113las krastus \u0161\u0137\u0113rsojo\u0161os sankcij\u0101m pak\u013cautos naftas tankku\u0123us pastiprina ba\u017eas Va\u0161ington\u0101, ka Savienot\u0101s Valstis sl\u012bd pret\u012b nenoskaidrotam karam. Juridiskie eksperti br\u012bdina, ka \u0161\u0101da r\u012bc\u012bba var\u0113tu izrais\u012bt milit\u0101ru konfront\u0101ciju bez Kongresa piekri\u0161anas. Lai gan administr\u0101cija apgalvo, ka blok\u0101de ir stingri ierobe\u017eota un nav v\u0113rsta pret civiliedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem (kas b\u016btu nelikum\u012bga kara darb\u012bba), da\u017ei speci\u0101listi uzskata, ka arest\u0113ti naftas produkti, kas saist\u012bti ar Nikolasa Maduro re\u017e\u012bmu, var\u0113tu izprovoc\u0113t milit\u0101ru atbildi no Venecu\u0113las puses. Tas savuk\u0101rt iesaist\u012btu ASV sp\u0113kus jaun\u0101 konflikta l\u012bmen\u012b, kas p\u0101rsniegtu iepriek\u0161\u0113jos uzbrukumus it k\u0101 narkotikas p\u0101rvad\u0101jo\u0161iem ku\u0123iem. K\u0101 inform\u0113 telekan\u0101ls EuroNews, \u201cMana liel\u0101k\u0101 bailes ir t\u0101, ka tie\u0161i t\u0101di gad\u012bjumi izraisa karus un konflikti iziet no kontroles,\u201d pau\u017e demokr\u0101tu kongresmenis D\u017eeisons Krou. Vi\u0146\u0161 piebilst, ka \u201car \u0161o administr\u0101ciju nav neviena pieaugu\u0161a cilv\u0113ka istab\u0101, un nenotiek konsult\u0101cijas ar Kongresu. T\u0101p\u0113c esmu \u013coti noraiz\u0113jies.\u201d<\/p>\n
Uzman\u012bbas centr\u0101 Venecu\u0113las naftas tirdzniec\u012bba<\/p>\n
Kl\u0113ra Finkl\u0161teina, Pensilv\u0101nijas Universit\u0101tes nacion\u0101l\u0101s dro\u0161\u012bbas ties\u012bbu profesore, nor\u0101da, ka \u0161\u0101das agres\u012bvas metodes izmanto\u0161ana bez Kongresa pilnvarojuma izstiepj starptautisko ties\u012bbu robe\u017eas un arvien vair\u0101k izskat\u0101s p\u0113c sl\u0113pta m\u0113\u0123in\u0101juma izrais\u012bt Venecu\u0113las atbildes reakciju. Vi\u0146a br\u012bdina: \u201cBa\u017eas rada tas, ka m\u0113s m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bgi cen\u0161amies iekulties bru\u0146ot\u0101 konflikt\u0101. M\u0113s paaugstin\u0101m likmes, lai pan\u0101ktu, ka vi\u0146i veic agresijas aktu, kas p\u0113c tam attaisnotu m\u016bsu pa\u0161aizsardz\u012bbu.\u201d<\/p>\n
Republik\u0101\u0146u atbalsts un Trampa retorika<\/p>\n
Republik\u0101\u0146i kopum\u0101 ir mier\u0101 ar \u0161o kampa\u0146u. Tramps ir lietojis v\u0101rdu \u201cblok\u0101de\u201d, lai aprakst\u012btu savu jaun\u0101ko taktiku, kas ir da\u013ca no arvien pieaugo\u0161\u0101 spiediena pret Maduru, kur\u0161 ASV ir aps\u016bdz\u0113ts par narkoterorismu un tagad tiek vainots par naftas pe\u013c\u0146as izmanto\u0161anu narkotiku tirdzniec\u012bbas finans\u0113\u0161anai. Lai gan Tramps apgalvo, ka tas attiecas tikai uz ku\u0123iem, kas pak\u013cauti ASV ekonomiskaj\u0101m sankcij\u0101m, \u0161is solis ir izrais\u012bjis sa\u0161utumu demokr\u0101tu vid\u016b, bet liel\u0101koties vienaldz\u012bgu reakciju vai pat atbalstu no republik\u0101\u0146u puses. Kongresmenis Maikls Makeols no Teksasas nor\u0101da, ka Trampa darb\u012bbas pret sankcij\u0101m pak\u013cautajiem naftas tankku\u0123iem ir t\u0101das pa\u0161as k\u0101 pret Ir\u0101nas naftu. Vi\u0146\u0161 saka: \u201cT\u0101pat k\u0101 ar Ir\u0101nas \u0113nu tankku\u0123iem, man nav iebildumu. Vi\u0146i apiet sankcijas.\u201d<\/p>\n
C\u012b\u0146a pret narkotik\u0101m un juridiskie str\u012bdi<\/p>\n
Prezidents ir pasludin\u0101jis, ka ASV ir \u201cbru\u0146ot\u0101 konflikt\u0101\u201d ar narkotiku karteli, cen\u0161oties samazin\u0101t narkotiku pl\u016bsmu uz Amerikas kopien\u0101m. Kop\u0161 septembra s\u0101kuma ASV sp\u0113ki ir uzbruku\u0161i 28 it k\u0101 narkotiku kontrabandas laiv\u0101m, nogalinot vismaz 104 cilv\u0113kus. Tramps atk\u0101rtoti ir sol\u012bjis, ka n\u0101kamais solis b\u016bs sauszemes uzbrukumi, vienlaikus saistot Maduru ar karteli. \u0160\u012b kampa\u0146a ir izrais\u012bjusi kritiku Kongres\u0101, \u012bpa\u0161i p\u0113c tam, kad tika atkl\u0101ts, ka ASV sp\u0113ki ar papildu triecienu nogalin\u0101ja divus cilv\u0113kus, kas izdz\u012bvoja p\u0113c laivas uzbrukuma. Tom\u0113r republik\u0101\u0146i l\u012bdz \u0161im ir atk\u0101rtoti atteiku\u0161ies piepras\u012bt Kongresa at\u013cauju turpm\u0101k\u0101m milit\u0101r\u0101m akcij\u0101m re\u0123ion\u0101, blo\u0137\u0113jot demokr\u0101tu rezol\u016bcijas par kara pilnvar\u0101m. Sen\u0101tors Rod\u017eers Vikers, Republik\u0101\u0146u Sen\u0101ta Bru\u0146oto dienestu komitejas priek\u0161s\u0113d\u0113t\u0101js, ir izbeidzis savas komitejas izmekl\u0113\u0161anu par 2. septembra triecienu, ceturtdien pazi\u0146ojot, ka visa kampa\u0146a tiek \u012bstenota \u201cuz pamat\u012bga juridiska pamata\u201d.<\/p>\n
Venecu\u0113las nost\u0101ja un Pentagonam v\u0113lamais termins<\/p>\n
Tramps pazi\u0146oja par blok\u0101di otrdien, aptuveni ned\u0113\u013cu p\u0113c tam, kad ASV sp\u0113ki bija aiztur\u0113ju\u0161i sankcij\u0101m pak\u013cautu naftas tankku\u0123i pie Venecu\u0113las krastiem. Dienvidamerikas valsts, kurai pieder pasaul\u0113 liel\u0101kie pier\u0101d\u012btie naftas kr\u0101jumi, liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 ir atkar\u012bga no \u0161iem ien\u0101kumiem savas ekonomikas uztur\u0113\u0161anai. ASV ir noteiku\u0161as sankcijas pret Venecu\u0113lu kop\u0161 2005. gada korupcijas, k\u0101 ar\u012b krimin\u0101lo un pret demokr\u0101tisk\u0101s darb\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c. Pirm\u0101 Trampa administr\u0101cija papla\u0161in\u0101ja naftas sankcijas, liekot Maduru re\u017e\u012bmam pa\u013cauties uz \u0113nu floti ar neleg\u0101li re\u0123istr\u0113tiem tankku\u0123iem, lai nelikum\u012bgi ievestu j\u0113lnaftu glob\u0101laj\u0101s pieg\u0101des \u0137\u0113d\u0113s. Valsts naftas komp\u0101nija Petr\u00f3leos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) ir liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 atstumta no glob\u0101lajiem naftas tirgiem ASV sankciju d\u0113\u013c. T\u0101 p\u0101rsvar\u0101 p\u0101rdod savus eksporta produktus ar lielu atlaidi \u0136\u012bnas melnaj\u0101 tirg\u016b. Nikolass Maduru Guerra, Maduru d\u0113ls un likumdev\u0113js, ceturtdien nosod\u012bja Trampa jaun\u0101ko taktiku un apsol\u012bja sadarboties ar priv\u0101to sektoru, lai ierobe\u017eotu jebk\u0101du ietekmi uz valsts naftas atkar\u012bgo ekonomiku. Vi\u0146\u0161 atzina, ka tas neb\u016bs viegls uzdevums. Vi\u0146\u0161 piebilda: \u201cM\u0113s nov\u0113rt\u0113jam mieru un dialogu, ta\u010du pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 realit\u0101te ir t\u0101da, ka m\u016bs apdraud pasaul\u0113 varen\u0101k\u0101 armija, un tas nav kaut kas, ko dr\u012bkst ignor\u0113t.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cKarant\u012bna\u201d pret \u201cblok\u0101di\u201d<\/p>\n
Nav prec\u012bzi zin\u0101ms, k\u0101 ASV pl\u0101no \u012bstenot Trampa pav\u0113li. Ta\u010du flotei re\u0123ion\u0101 ir 11 ku\u0123i un pla\u0161s lidapar\u0101tu kl\u0101sts, kas var uzraudz\u012bt j\u016bras satiksmi uz Venecu\u0113lu un no t\u0101s. Lai gan Tramps lieto terminu \u201cblok\u0101de\u201d, Pentagons pazi\u0146o, ka amatpersonas dod priek\u0161roku terminam \u201ckarant\u012bna\u201d. Aizsardz\u012bbas amatpersona, kas v\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s palikt anon\u012bma, skaidrojot politikas iek\u0161\u0113jo lo\u0123iku, nor\u0101d\u012bja, ka blok\u0101de saska\u0146\u0101 ar starptautiskaj\u0101m ties\u012bb\u0101m ir kara akts, kas prasa form\u0101lu pazi\u0146ojumu un attiecas uz visu ien\u0101ko\u0161o un izejo\u0161o satiksmi. Karant\u012bna, savuk\u0101rt, ir selekt\u012bvs, prevent\u012bvs dro\u0161\u012bbas pas\u0101kums, kas v\u0113rsts uz konkr\u0113t\u0101m, nelikum\u012bg\u0101m darb\u012bb\u0101m. Kongresmenis \u0100dams Smits, Demokr\u0101tu partijas l\u012bderis H\u0101rmisk\u0101s bru\u0146oto sp\u0113ku komitej\u0101, atzina, ka nav p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts par Trampa blok\u0101des likum\u012bbu. Vi\u0146\u0161 nor\u0101da: \u201cVi\u0146i ac\u012bmredzot blo\u0137\u0113 naftas r\u016bpniec\u012bbu, nevis visu valsti. K\u0101 tas maina lietas? Man vajadz\u0113tu parun\u0101t ar da\u017eiem juristiem, bet kopum\u0101 blok\u0101de ir kara akts.\u201d<\/p>\n
V\u0113stures paral\u0113les un juridiski priek\u0161noteikumi<\/p>\n
ASV ir ilga v\u0113sture ar j\u016bras sp\u0113ku izmanto\u0161anu, lai piespiestu maz\u0101kas valstis, \u012bpa\u0161i 19. gadsimta \u201ckanon\u0101\u017eu diplom\u0101tijas\u201d laikmet\u0101, da\u017ek\u0101rt izprovoc\u0113jot t\u0101s veikt darb\u012bbas, kas izrais\u012bja v\u0113l liel\u0101ku amerik\u0101\u0146u reakciju. Ta\u010du p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s desmitgad\u0113s, att\u012bstoties starptautisko ties\u012bbu sist\u0113mai, sec\u012bg\u0101s ASV administr\u0101cijas ir r\u016bp\u012bgi izvair\u012bju\u0161\u0101s no \u0161\u0101diem j\u016bras sp\u0113ku demonstr\u0113jumiem, jo tie tiek uzskat\u012bti par civiliedz\u012bvot\u0101ju sod\u012b\u0161anu \u2013 nelikum\u012bgu agresijas aktu kara laik\u0101. 1962. gada Kubas ra\u0137e\u0161u kr\u012bzes laik\u0101 prezidents D\u017eons F. Kenedijs savu j\u016bras sp\u0113ku koridoru, lai pretotos re\u0101lam draudam \u2013 iero\u010du pieg\u0101dei no Padomju Savien\u012bbas \u2013 slaveni d\u0113v\u0113ja par \u201ckarant\u012bnu\u201d, nevis blok\u0101di. Marks Nevits, Emorija Universit\u0101tes ties\u012bbu profesors un biju\u0161ais J\u016bras kara flotes \u0123ener\u0101ladvok\u0101ts, nor\u0101da, ka past\u0101v juridisks pamats ASV uzk\u0101pt un konfisc\u0113t jau sankcij\u0101m pak\u013cautu ku\u0123i, kas tiek uzskat\u012bts par bezvalstnieku vai apgalvo, ka pieder div\u0101m valst\u012bm. Ta\u010du, vi\u0146apr\u0101t, blok\u0101de ir \u201ckara laika j\u016bras oper\u0101cija un manevrs\u201d, kas paredz\u0113ts ienaidnieka valsts ku\u0123u un lidapar\u0101tu piek\u013cuves blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anai. Vi\u0146\u0161 piebilst: \u201cEs dom\u0101ju, ka blok\u0101de balst\u0101s uz nepareizu juridisku ieganstu, ka m\u0113s esam kar\u0101 ar narkoteroristiem.\u201d Nevits turpina: \u201cTas \u0161\u0137iet gandr\u012bz k\u0101 junioru l\u012bgas blok\u0101de, kur vi\u0146i cen\u0161as izmantot kara laika juridisko instrumentu, blok\u0101di, bet dara to tikai selekt\u012bvi.\u201d D\u017eefrijs Korns, Teksasas Tehnisk\u0101s universit\u0101tes ties\u012bbu profesors, kur\u0161 agr\u0101k bija armijas vec\u0101kais juriskonsults kara likuma jaut\u0101jumos un kritiz\u0113jis Trampa administr\u0101cijas laivu uzbrukumus, nor\u0101da, ka vi\u0146am nav p\u0101rliec\u012bbas, ka blok\u0101de bija paredz\u0113ta konflikta eskal\u0101cijai ar Venecu\u0113lu. T\u0101 viet\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 spekul\u0113, ka t\u0101 var\u0113tu b\u016bt v\u0113rsta uz spiediena palielin\u0101\u0161anu uz Maduru, lai vi\u0146\u0161 atk\u0101ptos no amata, vai mudin\u0101t vi\u0146a atbalst\u012bt\u0101jus atteikties no vi\u0146a. Vi\u0146\u0161 secina: \u201cVar to apl\u016bkot caur prizmu, vai \u0161\u012b administr\u0101cija cen\u0161as rad\u012bt ieganstu pla\u0161\u0101kam konfliktam? Vai ar\u012b var to apl\u016bkot k\u0101 da\u013cu no kop\u0113j\u0101s kampa\u0146as, lai piespiestu Maduru re\u017e\u012bmu atk\u0101pties.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Trampa naftas sankcijas: b\u012bstama sp\u0113le ar Venecu\u0113las ku\u0123niec\u012bbu Tiek zi\u0146ots, ka Donalda Trampa administr\u0101cija, izvietojot karafloti, lai aiztur\u0113tu…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":80579,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[23,57,28,29,32,33,22,20233,30,31,35,39,38,36,37,34,40,20234,20,26,27,2405,24,25,20232,358,54,55,56,21,58],"class_list":{"0":"post-80578","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zinas-no-arvalstim","8":"tag-aktualitates","9":"tag-arvalstim","10":"tag-breaking-news","11":"tag-breakingnews","12":"tag-featured-news","13":"tag-featurednews","14":"tag-headlines","15":"tag-juras-blokade","16":"tag-latest-news","17":"tag-latestnews","18":"tag-latvia","19":"tag-latvian","20":"tag-latviesu","21":"tag-latviesu-valoda","22":"tag-latviesuvaloda","23":"tag-latvija","24":"tag-lv","25":"tag-militara-eskalacija","26":"tag-news","27":"tag-popularakas-zinas","28":"tag-popularakaszinas","29":"tag-starptautiskas-tiesibas","30":"tag-top-stories","31":"tag-topstories","32":"tag-trampa-naftas-sankcijas","33":"tag-venecuela","34":"tag-world","35":"tag-world-news","36":"tag-worldnews","37":"tag-zinas","38":"tag-zinas-no-arvalstim"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":"Validation failed: Text character limit of 500 exceeded"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80578"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80578\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}