Radies jau vair\u0101k nek\u0101 pirms 200 gadiem,\u00a0Franken\u0161teins m\u016bsdien\u0101s joproj\u0101m ir viens no popul\u0101r\u0101kajiem t\u0113liem kino pasaul\u0113.\u00a0Ori\u0123in\u0101l\u0101 M\u0113rijas \u0160ellijas novele ir interesanta ne tikai t\u0101d\u0113\u013c, ka\u00a0at\u0161\u0137iras no m\u016bsdienu interpret\u0101cij\u0101m, bet ar\u012b t\u0101d\u0113\u013c, ka taj\u0101 atrodamas atsauces uz 19. gadsimta atkl\u0101jumiem zin\u0101tn\u0113 un medic\u012bn\u0101, Latvijas Radio raid\u012bjum\u0101 “Zin\u0101mais nezin\u0101maj\u0101” st\u0101st\u012bja R\u012bgas Stradi\u0146a universit\u0101tes Anatomijas muzeja vad\u012bt\u0101ja, medic\u012bnas v\u0113sturniece Ieva L\u012bbiete, apvien\u012bbas “Kino kults” producents, kinoblogeris Sergejs Timo\u0146ins un filozofs Ain\u0101rs Kamoli\u0146\u0161.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Franken\u0161teina m\u016bsdienu transform\u0101cija\u00a0<\/p>\n
“Kop\u0161 1818. gada, t\u0101tad jau vair\u0101k nek\u0101 pirms diviem gadsimtiem, kad M\u0113rija \u0160ellija sarakst\u012bja \u0161o st\u0101stu, un b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 kop\u0161 kino ra\u0161an\u0101s, kas notika aptuveni gadsimtu v\u0113l\u0101k, Franken\u0161teins ir bijis viens no visbie\u017e\u0101k ekraniz\u0113tajiem varo\u0146iem. V\u0113l vair\u0101k \u2013 tas ir k\u013cuvis par hrestom\u0101tisku t\u0113lu, kas ieg\u0101jis popul\u0101raj\u0101 kult\u016br\u0101,”\u00a0nor\u0101d\u012bja Timo\u0146ins.<\/p>\n
St\u0101stam par Franken\u0161teinu nu jau ir neskait\u0101mi daudz vari\u0101ciju. Caur da\u017e\u0101du autoru skat\u012bjumu tas atdz\u012bvin\u0101ts gan \u0161ausmu film\u0101s, kur Franken\u0161teins ir monstrs, kur\u0161 sav\u0101 ce\u013c\u0101 nogalina un posta, gan b\u0113rnu anim\u0101cijas film\u0101s, kur Franken\u0161teins ir neveikls, smiekl\u012bgs, \u013coti labi paz\u012bstams t\u0113ls.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\nAr\u012b \u0161ogad, 2025. gad\u0101, izn\u0101kusi jauna zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s fantastikas filma “Franken\u0161teins” \u2013 \u0161oreiz kinore\u017eisora un scen\u0101rista Giljermo del Toro versij\u0101.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
“\u0160\u012b t\u0113la transform\u0101cija l\u012bdz m\u016bsdien\u0101m, \u012bpa\u0161i, ja dom\u0101jam par Giljermo del Toro filmu, ir t\u0101da, ka, att\u012bstoties kino un\u00a0sabiedr\u012bbai, m\u0113s m\u0113\u0123in\u0101m \u0161aj\u0101 t\u0113l\u0101 saskat\u012bt kaut ko citu \u2013 ne tikai n\u0101ves ma\u0161\u012bnu, kurai ir j\u0101bied\u0113, bet ar\u012b\u00a0j\u016btas, domas, ko \u0161is t\u0113ls sev\u012b iemieso. Giljermo del Toro filma visp\u0101r nav \u0161ausmu filma \u2013 t\u0101 ir romantiska dr\u0101ma, un taj\u0101 Franken\u0161teina t\u0113ls dr\u012bz\u0101k ir pozit\u012bvais varonis, bet vi\u0146a rad\u012bt\u0101js \u2013 negat\u012bvais varonis,”\u00a0st\u0101st\u012bja Timo\u0146ins.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Atdz\u012bvin\u0101\u0161ana ar elektr\u012bbu \u2013 bija vai nebija?\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ta\u010du, ja paskat\u0101mies uz ori\u0123in\u0101lo rom\u0101nu, t\u0101 ir \u012bsta p\u0113rle medic\u012bnas v\u0113stures cien\u012bt\u0101jiem, s\u0101kot no centieniem ar elektrisko str\u0101vu atdz\u012bvin\u0101t miru\u0161os, beidzot ar detaliz\u0113tu izpratni par cilv\u0113ka anatomiju.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\n“Man liekas \u013coti interesants tas zin\u0101\u0161anu konteksts, k\u0101d\u0101 M\u0113rija \u0160ellija dz\u012bvoja un kas \u013c\u0101va \u0161o st\u0101stu rad\u012bt tie\u0161i taj\u0101 laik\u0101 un taj\u0101 viet\u0101,”\u00a0atkl\u0101ja L\u012bbiete.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Ko par Viktorijas laika medic\u012bnas atkl\u0101jumiem st\u0101sta Franken\u0161teins?\u00a0Pirmk\u0101rt, tas atsaucas uz t\u0101 laika Luid\u017ei Galv\u0101ni un vi\u0146a m\u0101sas d\u0113la D\u017eovanni Ald\u012bni eksperimentiem ar elektr\u012bbu, bet ne tik tie\u0161\u0101 veid\u0101, k\u0101 to redzam m\u016bsdienu ekraniz\u0113jumos.<\/p>\n
“Man vair\u0101k interes\u0113, k\u0101 tiek izskaidrota pati atdz\u012bvin\u0101\u0161anas metode. Skatoties\u00a0jauno filmu, var redz\u0113t diezgan lielu at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbu starp M\u0113rijas \u0160ellijas rom\u0101nu un to, k\u0101 del Toro to tagad att\u0113lo. No vienas puses \u2013 caur agr\u012bno Holivudu m\u0113s gandr\u012bz vai t\u0101 pa\u0161saprotami pie\u0146emam, ka vi\u0146u atdz\u012bvina ar elektr\u012bbu, bet rom\u0101n\u0101 tas nav aprakst\u012bts.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\n“Rom\u0101n\u0101 ir aprakst\u012bts tikai tas, ka vi\u0146u [Franken\u0161teinu] kaut kur s\u0101kum\u0101, p\u0113c al\u0137\u012bmijas, s\u0101k interes\u0113t elektr\u012bba,” nor\u0101d\u012bja Kamoli\u0146\u0161.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Ar\u012b v\u0113l\u0101k, kad apar\u0101ti rom\u0101n\u0101 tika izn\u012bcin\u0101ti, \u0160ellija nav aprakst\u012bjusi, kas galu gal\u0101 bija tie apar\u0101ti, caur kuriem tika veikta \u0161\u012b atdz\u012bvin\u0101\u0161ana.<\/p>\n
“M\u0113rija \u0160ellija \u013coti taktiski nepasaka, k\u0101 tas notiek, savuk\u0101rt Holivudas fant\u0101zija gan \u2013 tur tas oblig\u0101ti ir ar elektr\u012bbu. Un tikai t\u0101d\u0113\u013c, ka ievad\u0101 \u0160ellija min, ka iedvesma bijis galvanisms \u2013 London\u0101 19. gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101 notika elektriskie eksperimenti, kuros Luid\u017ei Galv\u0101ni m\u0101sas d\u0113ls D\u017eovanni Ald\u012bni\u00a0sp\u012bdzin\u0101ja cietumniekus,” st\u0101st\u012bja Kamoli\u0146\u0161.\u00a0<\/p>\n
L\u012bbiete gan preciz\u0113ja, ka London\u0101 Ald\u012bni veica eksperimentus ar elektrisk\u0101s str\u0101vas pievad\u012b\u0161anu cietumnieku l\u012b\u0137iem \u2013 t\u0101tad slepkav\u0101m, kur\u0101m izpild\u012bts n\u0101vessods, nevis dz\u012bviem cietumniekiem.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Diskusija par robe\u017eu starp dz\u012bv\u012bbu un n\u0101vi\u00a0<\/p>\n
L\u012bbiete ar\u012b nor\u0101d\u012bja, ka jau 18. gadsimts dz\u012bv\u012bbas zin\u0101t\u0146u, medic\u012bnas un fiziolo\u0123ijas v\u0113stur\u0113 ieg\u0101jis ar diskusiju par to, kur ir mekl\u0113jams dz\u012bv\u012bbas pamatprincips, un t\u0101 ac\u012bmredzot sabiedr\u012bb\u0101 turpin\u0101j\u0101s v\u0113l ar\u012b laik\u0101, kad \u0160ellija sacer\u0113ja st\u0101stu par Franken\u0161teinu.<\/p>\n
“Tur ir t\u0101das divas lielas nometnes. Vieni uzskata, ka visa pamat\u0101 ir meh\u0101nisms, ka cilv\u0113ka \u0137ermenis darbojas k\u0101 meh\u0101niska un \u0137\u012bmiska ier\u012bce, un tas ar\u012b ir viss. Ta\u010du t\u0101 otra grupa, ko zin\u0101m\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 dro\u0161i vien p\u0101rst\u0101v ar\u012b M\u0113rijas \u0160ellijas varonis Viktors Franken\u0161teins, uzskata, ka ir j\u0101b\u016bt v\u0113l kaut k\u0101dam \u012bpa\u0161am dz\u012bv\u012bbas sp\u0113kam \u2013 kaut k\u0101dai dz\u012bv\u012bbas dzirkstij, k\u0101 M\u0113rija \u0160ellija pau\u017e sav\u0101 novel\u0113, kas it k\u0101 pie\u0161\u0137i\u013c dz\u012bv\u012bbu \u0161im cit\u0101di nekust\u012bgajam \u0137ermenim,” skaidroja L\u012bbiete.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\nDiskusijas par robe\u017eu starp dz\u012bv\u012bbu un n\u0101vi tolaik veicin\u0101ja ne tikai elektr\u012bbas atkl\u0101\u0161ana un jau piemin\u0113tais galvanisms, bet ar\u012b fakts, ka tobr\u012bd tik tie\u0161\u0101m par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s pirm\u0101s zi\u0146as par to, ka retos gad\u012bjumos ir iesp\u0113jams cilv\u0113kus atgriezt dz\u012bv\u0113, un tas tika \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi populariz\u0113ts.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
“Piem\u0113ram, Anglij\u0101 darboj\u0101s nosl\u012bku\u0161o atdz\u012bvin\u0101\u0161anas biedr\u012bba, kas bija t\u0101da labdar\u012bbas organiz\u0101cija, kas populariz\u0113ja ideju, ka k\u0101dreiz, izvelkot \u0101r\u0101 no Temzas sl\u012bkoni un veicot medic\u012bniski tolaik apstiprin\u0101tas manipul\u0101cijas, kas paties\u012bb\u0101 bija elpin\u0101\u0161ana, reiz\u0113m \u0161ie cilv\u0113ki atgrie\u017eas dz\u012bv\u0113,” st\u0101st\u012bja L\u012bbiete.\u00a0<\/p>\n
M\u0113s zin\u0101m, kas ir elpin\u0101\u0161ana un k\u0101 t\u0101 str\u0101d\u0101, ta\u010du tolaik t\u0101 rad\u012bja zin\u0101mu satraukumu, jo t\u0101 laika cilv\u0113kiem tas, ka ir iesp\u0113jams “atdz\u012bvin\u0101t” k\u0101du, kas ir pirms mirk\u013ca nosl\u012bcis, nekustas un nek\u0101 nerea\u0123\u0113, bija kas jauns un p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161s.\u00a0<\/p>\n
“Cilv\u0113kiem rad\u0101s jaut\u0101jums, k\u0101 m\u0113s varam b\u016bt \u012bsti dro\u0161i, kas tad ir dz\u012bvs un kas tad ir miris? Man liekas, \u0161\u0101das atska\u0146as M\u0113rijas \u0160ellijas novel\u0113 ir j\u016btamas,” pauda L\u012bbiete.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Radies jau vair\u0101k nek\u0101 pirms 200 gadiem,\u00a0Franken\u0161teins m\u016bsdien\u0101s joproj\u0101m ir viens no popul\u0101r\u0101kajiem t\u0113liem kino pasaul\u0113.\u00a0Ori\u0123in\u0101l\u0101 M\u0113rijas \u0160ellijas…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":82976,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[89,90,35,39,38,36,37,34,40],"class_list":{"0":"post-82975","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-izklaide","8":"tag-entertainment","9":"tag-izklaide","10":"tag-latvia","11":"tag-latvian","12":"tag-latviesu","13":"tag-latviesu-valoda","14":"tag-latviesuvaloda","15":"tag-latvija","16":"tag-lv"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@lv\/115763176025036762","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82975"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82975\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}