YEREVAN: The EU and Armenia laid the groundwork for closer ties at a summit in Yerevan Tuesday, marking another step in the former Soviet nation’s cautious pivot away from Russia and towards Brussels. European Commission head Ursula von der Leyen and European Council president Antonio Costa held talks with Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan in the capital, resulting in several deals and pledges. “With this summit, we take a leap forward in a new level of cooperation,” von der Leyen said at the gathering – the first of its kind.
Relations between Yerevan and its traditional ally Moscow have become strained in recent years, in part because Russian peacekeepers failed to intervene during military conflicts with neighbouring Azerbaijan. Under Pashinyan, Armenia has formally pursued a strategy of what he calls “diversification”, in which the landlocked country pursues ties with both Russia and the West.
But analysts argue that really amounts to a tilt towards Brussels, given the country is currently a member of the Russian-led Eurasian Economic Union and the Moscow-led CSTO security alliance, although it froze its membership of the latter in 2024. “If we are accepted into the EU, we will be happy and satisfied,” Pashinyan said Tuesday, adding that Yerevan was working towards meeting the bloc’s strict membership standards.
In another sign of its westward turn, the Armenian capital on Monday hosted more than 40 European leaders, including Ukraine’s Volodymyr Zelensky and NATO chief Mark Rutte, for a meeting of the European Political Community (EPC). The EU summit coincided with a state visit by French President Emmanuel Macron, whose country is home to Europe’s largest Armenian community and who received a hearty welcome in Yerevan. “I believe deeply that Armenia’s calling lies in Europe,” Macron told a forum in Yerevan Tuesday. “Europe is the most natural partner for Armenia and the South Caucasus at this period in time,” he said.
‘Regional hub’
The nation of three million people between Europe and Asia signed a comprehensive partnership agreement with the European Union in 2017, deepening its cooperation in trade and other areas. Last year, it adopted a law formally declaring its intention to apply for EU membership and is seeking to secure better visa access to the 27-nation bloc for its people.
On Tuesday it signed a “connectivity partnership” to strengthen transport, energy, and digital links with Brussels. The EU also urged European firms to invest in the country, underscoring the fresh opportunities created by a peace process with neighbouring Azerbaijan. “We have never before heard such a call, such a message,” Pashinyan said, noting Armenia was previously seen as “a high-risk destination for investment”.
The arch-foes have fought two wars over the Karabakh region in recent years. Azerbaijan finally seized the mountainous territory in a lightning offensive in 2023, ending three decades of rule by Armenian separatists. A reset in ties was fostered last year by a deal brokered by the United States, which has been playing a larger role in the region, with Vice President JD Vance visiting Armenia earlier this year. “Armenia sits on the shortest route between Central Asia, the Caspian Sea and Europe and in the past, because of war and geopolitics, this route was closed, but now you are changing this,” von der Leyen told Pashinyan. “Armenia can become a regional hub for new global trade routes, particularly in the crucial area of critical raw materials. And Europe is ready to support you.” — AFP
Russian President Vladimir Putin has declared himself “completely calm” about Armenia’s overtures to Europe, but also warned that belonging to both the EU and the Eurasian Economic Union was “simply impossible”. In April, the EU established a mission to help Yerevan tackle foreign interference, with Russia suspected of a disinformation push ahead of elections in June. Opinion polls show most Armenians are in favour of European integration, while support for Russia has plummeted. But many are sceptical about whether joining the EU is realistic and worried about further provoking Moscow. — AFP