{"id":13396,"date":"2025-10-07T10:45:09","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T10:45:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/13396\/"},"modified":"2025-10-07T10:45:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T10:45:09","slug":"doi-cercetatori-americani-si-un-cercetator-japonez-laureatii-premiului-nobel-pentru-medicina-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/13396\/","title":{"rendered":"Doi cercet\u0103tori americani \u0219i un cercet\u0103tor japonez, laurea\u021bii Premiului Nobel pentru Medicin\u0103 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<p id=\"p-0\">Trei cercet\u0103tori, Mary E. Brunkow (SUA), Fred Ramsdell (SUA) \u0219i Shimon Sakaguchi (Japonia) au primit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediafax.ro\/cultura-media\/premiile-nobel-vor-fi-anuntate-incepand-de-luni-programul-acordarii-premiilor-23621040\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Premiul Nobel<\/a> pentru Medicin\u0103 2025, pentru descoperirile lor privind \u201etoleran\u021ba imun\u0103 periferic\u0103\u201d, adic\u0103 mecanismul prin care sistemul imunitar nu ne atac\u0103 propriul corp.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-1\">Cei trei laurea\u021bi au descoperit cum \u0219tiu s\u0103 se opreasc\u0103 celulele T-reglatoare atunci c\u00e2nd sistemul imunitar devine prea agresiv, put\u00e2nd s\u0103 provoace boli autoimune, cum sunt diabetul de tip I, scleroza multipl\u0103 sau lupusul.<\/p>\n<p>Celulele T-reglatoare, binef\u0103c\u0103torul necunoscut al sistemului imunitar<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Astfel, Shimon Sakaguchi a fost primul care, \u00een 1995, a demonstrat c\u0103, \u00een afar\u0103 de mecanismul cunoscut (\u201ecur\u0103\u021barea\u201d celulelor periculoase \u00een timus), corpul are un al doilea sistem de control: celulele T-reglatoare, care \u021bin \u00een fr\u00e2u restul sistemului imunitar.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-3\">Aceasta a fost o idee revolu\u021bionar\u0103, care, la \u00eenceput, a fost contrazis\u0103 de mul\u021bi cercet\u0103tori.<\/p>\n<p>Muta\u021bia din Foxp3, care produce boli autoimune<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-4\">Mary Brunkow \u0219i Fred Ramsdell au descoperit, \u00een 2001, motivul genetic pentru care unele animale (de laborator) dezvoltau brusc boli autoimune: o muta\u021bie \u00eentr-o gen\u0103 numit\u0103 Foxp3.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-5\">Ei au constatat apoi c\u0103 aceea\u0219i gen\u0103 e esen\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i la oameni, iar defectele ei duc la o boal\u0103 grav\u0103, IPEX, care apare la copii \u0219i afecteaz\u0103 \u00eentregul sistem imunitar.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-6\">Foxp3 controleaz\u0103 celulele T-reglatoare<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-7\">\u00cen 2003, Sakaguchi a legat cele dou\u0103 descoperiri, ar\u0103t\u00e2nd c\u0103 gena Foxp3 controleaz\u0103 exact dezvoltarea acelor celule T-reglatoare pe care el le identificase anterior.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-8\">Aceast\u0103 descoperire e important\u0103 prin aceea c\u0103 a schimbat modul \u00een care medicii \u0219i cercet\u0103torii \u00een\u021beleg echilibrul fin dintre ap\u0103rare \u0219i autoap\u0103rare.<\/p>\n<p>Importan\u021ba descoperirii \u2013 tratamente autotimune mai eficiente<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-9\">Pe baza acestei descoperiri se pot crea tratamente noi pentru bolile autoimune.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-10\">Mai mult dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t, aceast\u0103 descoperire las\u0103 loc pentru inven\u021bii medicale noi ce privesc \u201esl\u0103birea\u201d controlat\u0103 a sistemului imunitar, pentru o rat\u0103 de acceptare a transplantului mai mare.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-11\">De asemenea, se pot pune la punct terapii care \u201eopresc fr\u00e2nele\u201d imunit\u0103\u021bii \u00een caz de cancer, ca s\u0103 lase corpul s\u0103 lupte mai eficient cu tumorile.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-12\">De altfel, unele dintre aceste tratamente sunt deja \u00een studii clinice.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-13\">Fred Ramsdell (Sonoma Biotherapeutics \u2013 San Francisco) identific\u0103 muta\u021biile care cauzeaz\u0103 bolile autoimune.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-14\">Mary Brunkow (Institute for Systems Biology \u2013 Seattle) descoper\u0103 gena Foxp3.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-15\">Shimon Sakaguchi (Universitatea din Osaka) descoper\u0103 celulele T reglatoare.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-16\">Premiul total este de 11 milioane de coroane suedeze (aprox. 950.000 de euro).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Trei cercet\u0103tori, Mary E. Brunkow (SUA), Fred Ramsdell (SUA) \u0219i Shimon Sakaguchi (Japonia) au primit Premiul Nobel pentru&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13397,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[32,33,31,7234,36,37,27,74,34,35,25,1678,7235,41,40,38,39,7236,26,28,29,30,71,72,73],"class_list":{"0":"post-13396","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-international","8":"tag-breaking-news","9":"tag-breakingnews","10":"tag-cele-mai-populare-subiecte","11":"tag-celule-t-reglatoare","12":"tag-featured-news","13":"tag-featurednews","14":"tag-headlines","15":"tag-international","16":"tag-latest-news","17":"tag-latestnews","18":"tag-news","19":"tag-nobel","20":"tag-premiul-nobel-pentru-medicina","21":"tag-ro","22":"tag-romana","23":"tag-romania","24":"tag-romanian","25":"tag-sistm-imunitar","26":"tag-stiri","27":"tag-titluri","28":"tag-top-stories","29":"tag-topstories","30":"tag-world","31":"tag-world-news","32":"tag-worldnews"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13396"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13396\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}