{"id":241190,"date":"2026-07-26T10:51:13","date_gmt":"2026-07-26T10:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/241190\/"},"modified":"2026-07-26T10:51:13","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T10:51:13","slug":"pompeii-nu-a-fost-ingropat-sub-lava-arheologul-darius-arya-explica-adevarata-poveste-a-orasului-distrus-de-vezuviu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/241190\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201ePompeii nu a fost \u00eengropat sub lav\u0103\u201c. Arheologul Darius Arya explic\u0103 adev\u0103rata poveste a ora\u0219ului distrus de Vezuviu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen vara anului 79 d.Hr., ora\u0219ele Pompeii \u0219i Herculaneum tr\u0103iau obi\u0219nuit, la poalele unui munte pe care nimeni nu-l credea periculos: Vezuviu. Localnicii \u00eel vedeau ca pe un deal verde, bun pentru vii \u0219i livezi. Nu \u0219tiau c\u0103 sub el clocotea o for\u021b\u0103 capabil\u0103 s\u0103 \u0219tearg\u0103 totul \u00een c\u00e2teva ore.<\/p>\n

\"De\u0219i <\/p>\n

De\u0219i pare \u00eenghe\u021bat \u00een timp, situl arheologi e mai viu ca niciodat\u0103. FOTO: Unsplash<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Pe 24 august (unii cercet\u0103tori, pe baza descoperirilor arheologice recente, sus\u021bin c\u0103 erup\u021bia ar fi avut loc de fapt \u00een toamn\u0103, spre sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii octombrie), muntele a explodat. O coloan\u0103 de cenu\u0219\u0103 \u0219i pietre a urcat kilometri \u00een atmosfer\u0103, transform\u00e2nd ziua \u00een noapte. Mii de oameni au murit surprin\u0219i \u00een plin\u0103 activitate, un fenomen care \u201ea \u00eenghe\u021bat\u201c un moment de via\u021b\u0103 roman\u0103 cum nicio alt\u0103 descoperire arheologic\u0103 nu a mai reu\u0219it. Ruinele au fost descoperite accidental, \u00een 1592, dar cercetarea arheologic\u0103 a \u00eenceput abia \u00een secolul XVIII: Herculaneum \u00een 1738, Pompeii \u00een 1748, marc\u00e2nd \u00eenceputul arheologiei moderne. Ast\u0103zi, cele dou\u0103 ora\u0219e r\u0103m\u00e2n ferestre unice spre via\u021ba cotidian\u0103 din Imperiul Roman.<\/p>\n

O \u00eentoarcere \u00een timp ne-o garanteaz\u0103 mini-seria eveniment marca National Geographic \u201ePompeii: Out of time\u201c (\u201ePompeii: Dincolo de timp\u201c): trei episoade, g\u00e2ndite ca o fuziune inedit\u0103 \u00eentre drama cinematografic\u0103 \u0219i documentarul de investiga\u021bie, reunesc pe Tom Hiddleston (cunoscut pentru rolul lui Loki din Universul Marvel) cu produc\u0103torul Kevin R. Wright. Al\u0103turi de arheologi, istorici, geologi \u015fi speciali\u015fti \u00een dezastre naturale, Tom Hiddleston urm\u0103re\u015fte pove\u015ftile unor locuitori reali ai ora\u015fului \u015fi analizeaz\u0103 dovezi care ofer\u0103 o perspectiv\u0103 nou\u0103 asupra uneia dintre cele mai cunoscute tragedii din istorie. Documentarul exploreaz\u0103 inclusiv ipoteza potrivit c\u0103reia o parte dintre cei surprin\u015fi de erup\u0163ie ar fi avut \u015fansa de a supravie\u0163ui. Produc\u0163ia va avea premiera s\u00e2mb\u0103t\u0103 \u015fi duminic\u0103, 25 \u015fi 26 iulie, de la ora 21:00, la National Geographic, \u0219i va fi disponibil\u0103 \u0219i pe platforma de streaming online Disney+.<\/p>\n

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\"Tom <\/p>\n

Tom Hiddleston a fost pentru prima dat\u0103 la Pompeii la 17 ani. FOTO: National Geographic<\/p>\n

Pompeii nu mai e doar povestea unui ora\u0219 ucis de Vezuviu, ci una a supravie\u021buirii. Arheologul american Darius Arya, doctor \u00een arheologie clasic\u0103 \u0219i director al platformei educa\u021bionale Ancient Rome Live, a petrecut peste dou\u0103 decenii excav\u00e2nd \u0219i explic\u00e2nd lumii via\u021ba roman\u0103 antic\u0103. Dup\u0103 ce a filmat chiar \u00een Golful Napoli \u0219i la Herculaneum pentru documentarul \u201ePompeii: Out of Time\u201c, Arya vorbe\u0219te pentru \u201eWeekend Adev\u0103rul\u201c despre ce a mai r\u0103mas neexcavat sub cenu\u0219\u0103, despre cum locuiau cu adev\u0103rat oamenii din Pompeii \u0219i despre lec\u021bia pe care ora\u0219ul o are \u00eenc\u0103 de dat lumii de azi.<\/p>\n

\u201eWeekend Adev\u0103rul\u201c: Documentarul \u201ePompeii: Out of time\u201c sus\u021bine c\u0103 Pompeii nu este doar o poveste despre moarte, ci \u0219i despre supravie\u021buire. C\u00e2t de mult schimb\u0103 acest lucru felul \u00een care \u00een\u021belegem dezastrul?<\/p>\n

Darius Arya: Cred c\u0103 este un aspect extraordinar de eviden\u021biat \u0219i care, de obicei, nu este suficient subliniat. Supravie\u021buirea \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 oamenii, pove\u0219tile \u0219i experien\u021bele lor continu\u0103 s\u0103 existe. Prin noile studii vedem c\u0103 oamenii \u00eenc\u0103 locuiesc \u00een Golful Napoli. A\u0219adar, r\u0103m\u00e2ne o experien\u021b\u0103 dinamic\u0103, \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 foarte dens populat\u0103, a\u0219a cum este \u0219i ast\u0103zi. \u0218i \u00een prezent, oamenii tr\u0103iesc sub aceea\u0219i amenin\u021bare a unei eventuale erup\u021bii viitoare a Vezuviului. Cred c\u0103 este o experien\u021b\u0103 continu\u0103, \u00een care putem p\u0103trunde acum, privind spre Antichitate, dar care continu\u0103 s\u0103 ne afecteze \u0219i ast\u0103zi, \u00een 2026.<\/p>\n

Frumuse\u021bea trecutului de a r\u0103m\u00e2ne nedescoperit <\/p>\n

Pompeii a fost descris mult timp drept un ora\u0219 \u00eenghe\u021bat \u00een timp. Mai este aceasta cea mai bun\u0103 modalitate de a-l \u00een\u021belege? Sau arheologia a dep\u0103\u0219it aceast\u0103 idee?<\/p>\n

Da, este u\u0219or s\u0103 ai aceast\u0103 impresie. Cred c\u0103 prima reac\u021bie, atunci c\u00e2nd vizitezi pentru prima dat\u0103 Pompeiul, este: \u201eDoamne, totul dintr-un ora\u0219 antic este aici!\u201c. Niciun alt ora\u0219 din lumea antic\u0103 nu se compar\u0103 cu nivelul de conservare pe care \u00eel \u00eent\u00e2lnim la Pompeii, Herculaneum sau Stabiae \u2013 exist\u0103 un \u00eentreg grup de situri \u00een zona Pompeii. Dar cred c\u0103, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce am aprofundat cercet\u0103rile \u0219i studiile \u0219tiin\u021bifice, am \u00een\u021beles c\u0103 era cu siguran\u021b\u0103 un ora\u0219 aflat \u00een transformare. Era un ora\u0219 \u00een schimbare, pentru c\u0103 locuitorii \u00eenc\u0103 reac\u021bionau la distrugerile provocate de cutremurul devastator din anul 62, care a fost un precursor al erup\u021biei din anul 79. A\u0219adar, cred c\u0103 putem avea acum o perspectiv\u0103 mult mai nuan\u021bat\u0103 \u0219i mai sofisticat\u0103 asupra vie\u021bii locuitorilor din Pompeii, deja tulburat\u0103 de ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpla \u00eenaintea marii erup\u021bii. Cred c\u0103 imaginea care ni se dezv\u0103luie acum este cu siguran\u021b\u0103 mult mai captivant\u0103 \u0219i mai complex\u0103.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\"Una <\/p>\n

Una din multele fresce care au supravie\u021buit timpului. FOTO: National Geographic<\/p>\n

Care este, dup\u0103 p\u0103rerea dumneavoastr\u0103, cea mai mare preconcep\u021bie despre Pompeii pe care arheologia modern\u0103 a reu\u0219it s\u0103 o demonteze?<\/p>\n

Cred c\u0103 unul dintre lucrurile care m\u0103 irit\u0103 cel mai mult este c\u0103 foarte mul\u021bi oameni \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eentreab\u0103: \u201eCum de s-a p\u0103strat totul at\u00e2t de bine, cu toat\u0103 lava aceea?\u201c. Ei bine, nu este vorba despre o erup\u021bie de lav\u0103. Desigur, exist\u0103 buc\u0103\u021bi de lav\u0103 \u0219i tot felul de resturi vulcanice, iar fluxurile piroclastice (n.r. \u2013 un amestec de gaze, cenu\u0219\u0103 \u0219i roci vulcanice de \u00eenalt\u0103 temperatur\u0103 formate \u00een timpul erup\u021biei vulcanului) au ucis oamenii prin c\u0103ldura lor extrem\u0103 \u0219i prin alte efecte. Dar ora\u0219ul nu a fost acoperit de lav\u0103. A fost acoperit de diferite materiale piroclastice. Tocmai de aceea s-a conservat at\u00e2t de bine. A fost \u00eenchis \u00een aceste straturi depuse dup\u0103 erup\u021bie \u0219i datorit\u0103 lor avem ceea ce s-a p\u0103strat ast\u0103zi. Nu a fost pur \u0219i simplu nimicit de c\u0103ldur\u0103.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 to\u021bi ace\u0219ti ani de cercetare, ce \u00eentrebare despre Pompeii \u00eenc\u0103 nu are un r\u0103spuns satisf\u0103c\u0103tor?<\/p>\n

Sunt, de fapt, milioane. Pentru c\u0103 avem doar dou\u0103 treimi din imagine. Doar dou\u0103 treimi din sit au fost excavate, iar o treime \u00eenc\u0103 a\u0219teapt\u0103 s\u0103 fie cercetat\u0103. Acea zon\u0103 neexcavat\u0103 ne dorim, de fapt, s\u0103 o protej\u0103m c\u00e2t mai bine. Nu vrem neap\u0103rat s\u0103 o excav\u0103m, pentru c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd excav\u0103m, ca arheologi, distrugem. Nu mai putem pune lucrurile la loc, iar apoi ele sunt expuse degrad\u0103rii. Cred c\u0103 realitatea fascinant\u0103 a Herculaneumului, a Pompeiului \u0219i a tuturor celorlalte situri este c\u0103 nu vom avea niciodat\u0103 imaginea complet\u0103. \u0218i, \u00eentr-un fel, a\u0219a ne \u0219i place, pentru c\u0103 asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 o mare parte din ele este \u00eenc\u0103 p\u0103strat\u0103 \u0219i neatins\u0103. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, poate una dintre cele mai importante descoperiri noi este analiza realizat\u0103 cu ajutorul inteligen\u021bei artificiale pentru derularea virtual\u0103 a sulurilor de papirus descoperite la Herculaneum, \u00een Villa dei Papiri. Cred c\u0103 aceste noi descoperiri fascinante, f\u0103cute cu ajutorul noilor tehnologii, ne ofer\u0103 o cantitate incredibil\u0103 de informa\u021bii despre via\u021ba oamenilor din Golful Napoli.<\/p>\n

O pictur\u0103 cu o pizza veche de 2.000 de ani, descoperit\u0103 \u00een situl arheologic din Pompeii <\/a>Un cotidian nemuritor <\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd oamenii se g\u00e2ndesc la Pompeii, se g\u00e2ndesc, desigur, la via\u021ba oamenilor obi\u0219nui\u021bi, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t la \u00eemp\u0103ra\u021bi, generali sau la partea spectaculoas\u0103 a Imperiului Roman. Tocmai acest lucru face situl at\u00e2t de puternic din punct de vedere emo\u021bional?<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Da, asta \u00een principal. Desigur, avem \u0219i unele contribu\u021bii imperiale de-a lungul istoriei Pompeiului, \u00eens\u0103 nu era cel mai important ora\u0219 al imperiului. Tocmai de aceea adev\u0103rata lui contribu\u021bie la \u00een\u021belegerea trecutului este felul \u00een care tr\u0103iau oamenii de zi cu zi. Eu sunt arheolog \u0219i \u00eemi petrec mult timp studiind marile ora\u0219e, dezvolt\u0103rile urbane, contribu\u021biile \u00eemp\u0103ra\u021bilor, un sistem de apeducte sau un arc de triumf. Dar cred c\u0103 ceea ce ne conecteaz\u0103 cu trecutul este \u00een\u021belegerea modului \u00een care tr\u0103iau oamenii, oameni exact ca noi, cu acelea\u0219i meserii \u2013 existau un contabil fiscal, un func\u021bionar. Toate lucrurile pe care le facem \u0219i noi ast\u0103zi, c\u00e2nd mergem prin ora\u0219ele noastre. Mergeai la brutar sau la m\u0103celar. Toate acestea ne conecteaz\u0103 cu acea realitate atunci c\u00e2nd vedem, de exemplu, p\u00e2inea conservat\u0103 de la Pompeii.<\/p>\n

\"Via\u021ba <\/p>\n

Via\u021ba \u00een Pompeii era asemenea celei din zilele noastre. FOTO: National Geographic<\/p>\n

Cred c\u0103 aceasta este adev\u0103rata leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu trecutul: faptul c\u0103 aceste ora\u0219e seam\u0103n\u0103 at\u00e2t de mult cu ora\u0219ele noastre de ast\u0103zi. Sistemele de alimentare cu ap\u0103, f\u00e2nt\u00e2nile, via\u021ba social\u0103, festivalurile, locurile de divertisment. Desigur, ei aveau un amfiteatru, noi nu mai avem gladiatori. Dar aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 este, cred, cea mai mare contribu\u021bie a Pompeiului la \u00een\u021belegerea felului \u00een care oamenii tr\u0103iau cu adev\u0103rat.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 nu m\u0103 \u00een\u0219el, la Pompeii a fost descoperit primul fast-food din istorie.<\/p>\n

Aceste taverne, aceste localuri denumite \u201ecaupona\u201c, sunt foarte frecvente la Pompeii, dar ele existau \u00een \u00eentreaga lume roman\u0103. Le g\u0103si\u021bi \u00een Algeria, \u00eentr-un ora\u0219 roman. Le g\u0103si\u021bi \u00een Iordania, \u00een Albania. Ideea este c\u0103 \u00een aceste ora\u0219e greco-romane condi\u021biile de locuire erau aglomerate \u0219i, de multe ori, oamenii \u00eenchiriau doar o camer\u0103. Nu \u00ee\u0219i permiteau o cas\u0103. Desigur, noi vedem acele case luxoase, magnific p\u0103strate, cu fresce \u0219i mozaicuri. Dar cei mai mul\u021bi oameni nu locuiau \u00een astfel de case \u00een Pompeii. Cei mai mul\u021bi \u00eenchiriau doar o camer\u0103 sau chiar un spa\u021biu deasupra propriului atelier. Nu puteai g\u0103ti acas\u0103, pentru c\u0103 focul \u00eensemna riscul de a incendia cartierul. A\u0219a c\u0103 mergeai zilnic \u00een aceste locuri. Acolo m\u00e2ncai. Toat\u0103 lumea lua masa \u00een ora\u0219. \u0218i, bine\u00een\u021beles, ce facem \u0219i noi ast\u0103zi, \u00een via\u021ba noastr\u0103 aglomerat\u0103 din marile ora\u0219e? Spunem: \u201eSunt prea ocupat, nu am timp s\u0103 g\u0103tesc, \u00eemi iau ceva gata preparat\u201c. <\/p>\n

Exact aceea\u0219i realitate exista \u00een ora\u0219ele antice chiar \u0219i de dimensiunea Pompeiului, care, de altfel, nu era chiar at\u00e2t de mic, av\u00e2nd aproximativ 20.000 de locuitori. Era un ora\u0219 destul de mare. Iar dac\u0103 extindem aceast\u0103 realitate la Cartagina, Constantinopol sau Roma, care au ajuns la peste un milion de locuitori, imagina\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u00e2\u021bi oameni m\u00e2ncau \u00een astfel de localuri de tip fast-food.<\/p>\n

Secretele uimitoare ale betonului roman de acum 2.000 de ani. Descoperirile din Pompei \u00eentrec tehnologia modern\u0103 <\/a>Sub sabia lui Vezuviu <\/p>\n

Privind documentarul, este greu s\u0103 nu ne g\u00e2ndim la dezastre climatice, pandemii \u0219i r\u0103zboaie. Ce ne spune Pompeii despre noi, cei de ast\u0103zi?<\/p>\n

Morala pove\u0219tii este c\u0103, dac\u0103 locuie\u0219ti l\u00e2ng\u0103 un vulcan, trebuie s\u0103 fii atent. Este un vulcan despre care \u0219tim c\u0103 va erupe din nou. Singura problem\u0103 pentru locuitorii Pompeiului \u2013 Dumnezeu s\u0103-i odihneasc\u0103! \u2013 este c\u0103 oamenii cuno\u0219teau vulcanii. Toat\u0103 lumea \u0219tia despre vulcani. Existau tratate din Antichitate despre vulcani. Etna era un vulcan activ \u0219i oamenii vedeau curgerile de lav\u0103. Vezuviul \u00eens\u0103 fusese acoperit \u00een urma erup\u021biilor anterioare. Oamenii \u00eei spuneau pur \u0219i simplu Muntele Vezuviu.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Nimeni nu recuno\u0219tea \u00een literatura antic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 era, de fapt, un vulcan. Era un gigant adormit. Din c\u00e2te \u00een\u021belegem noi ast\u0103zi, oamenii nu \u0219tiau acest lucru. Prin urmare, erup\u021bia a fost o surpriz\u0103 extrem de nefericit\u0103. Iar realitatea de ast\u0103zi este c\u0103 va erupe din nou. Acum, unele dintre cel mai dens populate regiuni din \u00eentreaga Europ\u0103 sunt Napoli \u0219i zona Golfului Napoli. A\u0219adar, este un dezastru care se va produce. Este monitorizat. Dar, din nou, atunci c\u00e2nd se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla, probabil c\u0103 vom fi asemenea locuitorilor Pompeiului: \u0219oca\u021bi, speria\u021bi \u0219i surprin\u0219i.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 ar fi s\u0103 le transmite\u021bi spectatorilor o singur\u0103 idee despre Pompeii care s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 imaginea catastrofei \u00een sine, care ar fi aceea?<\/p>\n

Cred c\u0103 imaginea de ansamblu, pentru mine, \u0219i ceea ce \u00eencerc mereu s\u0103 le transmit oamenilor este c\u0103 Pompeii reprezint\u0103, \u00eentr-un fel, doar v\u00e2rful aisbergului. Po\u021bi vizita foarte multe alte situri contemporane odat\u0103 cu Pompeiul, precum Herculaneum \u0219i multe alte locuri, numeroase vile. Exist\u0103 chiar \u0219i o ferm\u0103 aflat\u0103 la doar o mil\u0103 de Pompeii, care s-a p\u0103strat exact a\u0219a cum func\u021biona \u00een momentul erup\u021biei. Eu sunt \u00eentotdeauna foarte entuziasmat de aceast\u0103 perspectiv\u0103 mai larg\u0103. Avem \u0219ansa s\u0103 p\u0103\u0219im \u00eentr-o lume extraordinar\u0103, care s-a p\u0103strat. Nu este vorba doar despre Pompeii, de\u0219i este situl pe care \u00eel cunoa\u0219te toat\u0103 lumea. \u00cen realitate, el este doar punctul de plecare pentru a descoperi mult mai multe despre aceast\u0103 parte a lumii romane antice.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

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