{"id":245211,"date":"2026-07-30T16:20:08","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T16:20:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/245211\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T16:20:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T16:20:08","slug":"criza-la-centrala-nucleara-de-la-cernavoda-cum-ameninta-seceta-sistemul-energetic-al-romaniei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/245211\/","title":{"rendered":"Criz\u0103 la Centrala Nuclear\u0103 de la Cernavod\u0103. Cum amenin\u021b\u0103 seceta Sistemul Energetic al Rom\u00e2niei"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nuclearelectrica a renun\u021bat, cel pu\u021bin pentru moment, la oprirea Unit\u0103\u021bii 2 a Centralei de la Cernavod\u0103<\/a>, dup\u0103 o nou\u0103 evaluare tehnic\u0103 realizat\u0103 \u00een noaptea de miercuri spre joi. Decizia men\u021bine \u00een func\u021biune una dintre cele mai importante surse de produc\u021bie de energie ale Rom\u00e2niei, \u00eens\u0103 nu schimb\u0103 problema de fond. Debitul Dun\u0103rii continu\u0103 s\u0103 scad\u0103 \u0219i se apropie de minimul istoric \u00eenregistrat \u00een 1985, iar compania avertizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 reactorul poate fi oprit \u00een orice moment dac\u0103 sunt afectate condi\u021biile de func\u021bionare \u00een deplin\u0103 siguran\u021b\u0103. Speciali\u0219tii consulta\u021bi de \u201eAdev\u0103rul\u201d avertizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 situa\u021bia reprezint\u0103 unul dintre cele mai dificile teste traversate de sistemul energetic rom\u00e2nesc \u00een ultimele decenii, cu efecte care pot merge de la cre\u0219terea importurilor de electricitate p\u00e2n\u0103 la presiuni asupra pre\u021burilor dac\u0103 seceta persist\u0103.<\/p>\n

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\"Centrala <\/p>\n

Centrala Nuclear\u0103 de la Cernavod\u0103. FOTO: Nuclearelectrica<\/p>\n

Anun\u021bul vine la doar o zi dup\u0103 ce compania informase pia\u021ba c\u0103 Unitatea 2 urma s\u0103 fie deconectat\u0103 joi, la ora 10.00, pe fondul sc\u0103derii continue a debitului Dun\u0103rii, principala surs\u0103 de ap\u0103 utilizat\u0103 pentru r\u0103cirea instala\u021biilor de la Cernavod\u0103.<\/p>\n

De ce a renun\u021bat Nuclearelectrica la oprirea reactorului <\/p>\n

\u00cen cursul nop\u021bii, speciali\u0219tii centralei au reevaluat parametrii de func\u021bionare \u0219i starea echipamentelor, concluzion\u00e2nd c\u0103 reactorul poate continua s\u0103 produc\u0103 energie \u00een condi\u021bii de siguran\u021b\u0103. Decizia este \u00eens\u0103 una temporar\u0103 \u0219i depinde exclusiv de evolu\u021bia nivelului Dun\u0103rii, monitorizat permanent.<\/p>\n

\u201eNuclearelectrica depune toate eforturile posibile pentru a continua operarea \u00een condi\u021bii de maxim\u0103 siguran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i pentru a contribui la stabilitatea Sistemului Energetic Na\u021bional, analiz\u00e2nd \u0219i monitoriz\u00e2nd continuu to\u021bi parametrii care ar putea sc\u0103dea p\u00e2n\u0103 la niveluri minime, f\u0103r\u0103 a afecta operarea \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 a instala\u021biilor. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere at\u00e2t situa\u021bia actual\u0103, precum \u0219i prognozele hidrologice referitoare la nivelul Dun\u0103rii, oprirea Unit\u0103\u021bii 2 poate fi necesar\u0103 \u00een orice moment, depinz\u00e2nd foarte mult de fluctua\u021biile negative care apar \u0219i de efectele acestora asupra sistemelor centralei”, a transmis compania.<\/p>\n

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Chiar dac\u0103 Unitatea 2 r\u0103m\u00e2ne conectat\u0103 la Sistemul Energetic Na\u021bional, centrala func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een continuare la jum\u0103tate din capacitate. Unitatea 1 este oprit\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 de mar\u021bi \u0219i va fi repus\u0103 \u00een func\u021biune doar dup\u0103 ce condi\u021biile hidrologice vor permite reluarea activit\u0103\u021bii \u00een deplin\u0103 siguran\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Practic, decizia de joi nu elimin\u0103 riscul pentru sistemul energetic, ci doar \u00eel am\u00e2n\u0103. Dac\u0103 debitul Dun\u0103rii va continua s\u0103 scad\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103toarele zile, reactorul poate fi deconectat, iar Rom\u00e2nia ar pierde temporar \u0219i ultima unitate nuclear\u0103 aflat\u0103 \u00een func\u021biune.<\/p>\n

Dun\u0103rea coboar\u0103 spre un nivel nemai\u00eent\u00e2lnit de peste 40 de ani <\/p>\n

Situa\u021bia de la Cernavod\u0103 este efectul direct al secetei hidrologice care afecteaz\u0103 Dun\u0103rea. Potrivit Administra\u021biei Na\u021bionale \u201eApele Rom\u00e2ne”, debitul fluviului la intrarea \u00een \u021bar\u0103 este estimat la aproximativ 1.500 de metri cubi pe secund\u0103 la \u00eenceputul lunii august, foarte aproape de minimul istoric de 1.400 de metri cubi pe secund\u0103 consemnat \u00een 1985.<\/p>\n

Diferen\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de valorile normale este semnificativ\u0103. Media multianual\u0103 este de aproximativ 4.700 de metri cubi pe secund\u0103 \u00een luna iulie \u0219i de aproape 3.900 de metri cubi pe secund\u0103 \u00een august, ceea ce arat\u0103 amploarea deficitului hidrologic.<\/p>\n

\u00cen mod normal, cele dou\u0103 reactoare produc aproximativ o cincime din energia electric\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei \u0219i asigur\u0103 una dintre cele mai stabile surse din mixul energetic na\u021bional. Reducerea produc\u021biei nucleare oblig\u0103 sistemul s\u0103 compenseze rapid energia lips\u0103 din alte surse, \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care \u0219i hidrocentralele sunt afectate de secet\u0103.<\/p>\n

Premierul interimar\u00a0Ilie Bolojan a explicat c\u0103 intervalul critic r\u0103m\u00e2ne cel dintre orele 20:00 \u0219i 23:00<\/a>. Atunci, consumul popula\u021biei atinge valorile maxime, \u00een timp ce produc\u021bia din parcurile fotovoltaice scade aproape de zero. \u00cen acest interval, Rom\u00e2nia este nevoit\u0103 s\u0103 importe cantit\u0103\u021bi importante de energie pentru a acoperi consumul intern, iar reducerea produc\u021biei nucleare accentueaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 dependen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

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Bolojan a afirmat miercuri sear\u0103, la Digi24, c\u0103 \u00eenchiderea celui de-al doilea reactor va obliga Rom\u00e2nia s\u0103 compenseze lipsa produc\u021biei prin cre\u0219terea gener\u0103rii pe gaze \u0219i prin importuri suplimentare, \u00een special \u00een orele de consum maxim din timpul serii. El a precizat c\u0103 \u021bara a importat deja aproximativ 1.700 MW seara, iar problemele legate de importuri ar putea deveni mai acute \u00een perioada urm\u0103toare. Premierul interimar a f\u0103cut apel at\u00e2t la popula\u021bie, c\u00e2t \u0219i la marii consumatori industriali s\u0103 reduc\u0103, pe c\u00e2t posibil, consumul de energie \u00een acest interval, pentru diminuarea presiunii asupra sistemului.<\/p>\n

Chis\u0103li\u021b\u0103: Rom\u00e2nia pierde una dintre cele mai stabile surse de energie <\/p>\n

Pre\u0219edintele Asocia\u021biei Energia Inteligent\u0103, Dumitru Chis\u0103li\u021b\u0103, spune c\u0103 eventuala oprire a celui de-al doilea reactor de la Cernavod\u0103 ar avea consecin\u021be extrem de grave. \u00cen opinia sa,\u00a0sistemul energetic ar pierde una dintre cele mai ieftine \u0219i mai previzibile surse de energie<\/a>, fiind obligat s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 rapid aceast\u0103 produc\u021bie cu energie mai scump\u0103 \u0219i mai pu\u021bin stabil\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201ePractic, dispar 20% din capacitatea de produc\u021bie \u00een band\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei, una dintre cele mai sigure \u0219i mai ieftine surse de energie electric\u0103. Avem o dubl\u0103 problem\u0103. Pe de o parte, \u021bine de siguran\u021ba sistemului energetic, iar pe de alt\u0103 parte, de modificarea mixului de produc\u021bie. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, trebuie spus c\u0103 este o situa\u021bie f\u0103r\u0103 precedent, care supune sistemul electroenergetic na\u021bional unui test foarte important”, a explicat Dumitru Chis\u0103li\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Seceta opre\u0219te un reactor al centralei de la Cernavod\u0103. Dun\u0103rea a ajuns la un minim istoric <\/a><\/p>\n

Potrivit analistului, cea mai mare provocare nu este doar \u00eenlocuirea cantit\u0103\u021bii de energie produse la Cernavod\u0103, ci \u0219i men\u021binerea echilibrului \u00eentr-un sistem care pierde o surs\u0103 de produc\u021bie constant\u0103. Energia nuclear\u0103 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een band\u0103, independent de condi\u021biile meteo, motiv pentru care are un rol esen\u021bial \u00een stabilitatea Sistemului Energetic Na\u021bional. \u00cen lipsa acestei produc\u021bii, operatorii trebuie s\u0103 creasc\u0103 rapid generarea \u00een centralele pe gaze \u0219i c\u0103rbune, s\u0103 utilizeze c\u00e2t permit hidrocentralele \u0219i, \u00een final, s\u0103 apeleze la importuri.<\/p>\n

\u201eEnergia care \u00eenlocuie\u0219te produc\u021bia de la Cernavod\u0103 vine din mai multe surse. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, vedem o cre\u0219tere important\u0103 a produc\u021biei pe gaze \u0219i c\u0103rbune. \u00cempreun\u0103, acestea acoper\u0103 aproximativ 10% din deficit, iar \u00een prezent reprezint\u0103 circa 30% din produc\u021bia total\u0103. O parte vine \u0219i din hidroenergie, iar cea mai mare parte a diferen\u021bei va trebui acoperit\u0103 din importuri. Salvarea noastr\u0103 este s\u0103 putem identifica aceste cantit\u0103\u021bi de energie la vecini sau din alte state, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi tranzitate prin re\u021belele regionale \u0219i s\u0103 compens\u0103m cei aproximativ 1.400 MW retra\u0219i din sistem odat\u0103 cu oprirea reactorului de la Cernavod\u0103”, a subliniat analistul.<\/p>\n

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\u00cen practic\u0103, asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia devine mai dependent\u0103 de energia disponibil\u0103 pe pie\u021bele regionale. Dac\u0103 statele vecine se confrunt\u0103, la r\u00e2ndul lor, cu perioade de consum ridicat sau cu probleme de produc\u021bie, energia disponibil\u0103 pentru export poate fi mai redus\u0103 \u0219i mai scump\u0103.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 riscul unor pre\u021buri mai mari la energie <\/p>\n

Din perspectiva pie\u021bei, impactul unei eventuale opriri complete a centralei de la Cernavod\u0103 depinde \u00een primul r\u00e2nd de durata situa\u021biei. Fostul ministru al Energiei R\u0103zvan Nicolescu spune c\u0103 retragerea unei capacit\u0103\u021bi mari \u0219i constante de produc\u021bie reduce oferta intern\u0103 \u0219i oblig\u0103 sistemul s\u0103 apeleze la surse mai costisitoare, precum centralele pe gaze \u0219i c\u0103rbune sau importurile.<\/p>\n

\u00cen opinia sa, efectele asupra pie\u021bei nu vor fi resim\u021bite imediat de to\u021bi consumatorii, \u00eens\u0103 o criz\u0103 prelungit\u0103 ar putea pune presiune at\u00e2t pe pre\u021burile angro, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe costurile suportate de furnizori.<\/p>\n

\u201eOprirea Unit\u0103\u021bii 1 de la Cernavod\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 o presiune mai mare asupra ofertei de energie. Vom avea o produc\u021bie intern\u0103 mai mic\u0103 \u0219i este posibil s\u0103 vedem, pentru c\u00e2teva zile, un impact asupra pre\u021bului. Deficitul va fi acoperit din celelalte capacit\u0103\u021bi disponibile, \u00een principal din centrale pe gaze \u0219i pe c\u0103rbune”, a explicat R\u0103zvan Nicolescu.<\/p>\n

Specialistul atrage aten\u021bia c\u0103 adev\u0103rata miz\u0103 este durata episodului de secet\u0103. Dac\u0103 nivelul Dun\u0103rii \u00ee\u0219i revine \u00een c\u00e2teva zile, sistemul poate absorbi \u0219ocul f\u0103r\u0103 efecte majore. Dac\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 restric\u021biile se vor \u00eentinde pe parcursul mai multor s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, presiunea asupra pie\u021bei va cre\u0219te considerabil.<\/p>\n

\u201eSitua\u021bia este grav\u0103, dac\u0103 am ajuns \u00eentr-un asemenea test pentru sistemul energetic. Sper s\u0103 nu fie afectat\u0103 securitatea aliment\u0103rii \u0219i nici pre\u021burile, \u00eens\u0103 ar fi fost mult mai u\u0219or dac\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia ar fi avut mai multe capacit\u0103\u021bi de stocare. Conteaz\u0103 foarte mult \u0219i durata acestei perioade. Dac\u0103 dureaz\u0103 doar c\u00e2teva zile, impactul asupra facturilor va fi redus. Dac\u0103 se prelunge\u0219te o lun\u0103, atunci situa\u021bia devine complicat\u0103”, a subliniat Nicolescu.<\/p>\n

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\u00cen opinia sa, actuala situa\u021bie scoate \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 o vulnerabilitate mai veche a sistemului energetic rom\u00e2nesc. \u00cen lipsa unor capacit\u0103\u021bi suficiente de stocare \u0219i a unor surse flexibile de produc\u021bie, orice reducere important\u0103 a produc\u021biei de baz\u0103 oblig\u0103 operatorii s\u0103 recurg\u0103 rapid la importuri \u0219i la centrale cu costuri mai ridicate.<\/p>\n

Ce pot face consumatorii <\/p>\n

\u00cen contextul apelurilor lansate de autorit\u0103\u021bi pentru reducerea consumului \u00een orele de v\u00e2rf, R\u0103zvan Nicolescu spune c\u0103 exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva m\u0103suri simple care pot contribui la diminuarea presiunii asupra re\u021belei, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 afecteze semnificativ confortul popula\u021biei. Potrivit fostului ministru, electrocasnicele cu consum ridicat, precum ma\u0219inile de sp\u0103lat rufe sau vase, ar trebui folosite \u00een timpul zilei, c\u00e2nd produc\u021bia de energie fotovoltaic\u0103 este ridicat\u0103, \u0219i nu seara, c\u00e2nd consumul ajunge la nivelurile maxime. De asemenea, aparatele l\u0103sate \u00een stand-by \u0219i iluminatul inutil reprezint\u0103 un consum care poate fi evitat.<\/p>\n

Bolojan, apel c\u0103tre rom\u00e2ni dup\u0103 oprirea ambelor reactoare de la Cernavod\u0103: Reduce\u021bi consumul de energie la orele de v\u00e2rf <\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eReducerea consumului prin diminuarea confortului este greu de realizat, dar exist\u0103 m\u0103suri simple. De exemplu, electrocasnicele mari ar trebui folosite \u00een timpul zilei, c\u00e2nd produc\u021bia fotovoltaic\u0103 este ridicat\u0103, nu seara, la v\u00e2rful de consum. La fel, luminile \u0219i aparatele l\u0103sate \u00een stand-by consum\u0103 inutil energie \u0219i ar trebui oprite. Sunt gesturi mici, dar care ajut\u0103 at\u00e2t bugetul gospod\u0103riei, c\u00e2t \u0219i sistemul energetic\u201d, a explicat\u00a0Nicolescu.<\/p>\n

Dumitru Chis\u0103li\u021b\u0103 spune c\u0103, odat\u0103 ce debitul Dun\u0103rii va reveni la nivelurile necesare, reactorul poate fi repornit \u00eentr-un interval relativ scurt, \u00eens\u0103 numai dup\u0103 parcurgerea tuturor procedurilor de siguran\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201eOdat\u0103 ce nivelul Dun\u0103rii revine la parametrii necesari, repornirea reactorului se poate face relativ rapid. Vorbim de aproximativ 24-36 de ore, \u00eens\u0103 exist\u0103 proceduri opera\u021bionale foarte stricte la Centrala Nuclear\u0103 de la Cernavod\u0103, care trebuie respectate integral”, a explicat Dumitru Chis\u0103li\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Un simplu r\u0103gaz <\/p>\n

Faptul c\u0103 Unitatea 2 a r\u0103mas conectat\u0103 la Sistemul Energetic Na\u021bional ofer\u0103 Rom\u00e2niei un r\u0103gaz \u00eentr-un moment delicat pentru produc\u021bia intern\u0103 de energie. Totu\u0219i, decizia Nuclearelectrica nu schimb\u0103 datele problemei. Centrala continu\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze cu un singur reactor, iar evolu\u021bia debitului Dun\u0103rii r\u0103m\u00e2ne factorul care va decide dac\u0103 \u0219i aceast\u0103 ultim\u0103 unitate va putea r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een exploatare.<\/p>\n

\u00cen condi\u021biile \u00een care prognozele hidrologice indic\u0103 \u00een continuare temperaturi ridicate \u0219i precipita\u021bii reduse, urm\u0103toarele zile vor fi decisive at\u00e2t pentru func\u021bionarea centralei de la Cernavod\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru echilibrul sistemului energetic rom\u00e2nesc. Dac\u0103 seceta persist\u0103, Rom\u00e2nia ar putea fi nevoit\u0103 s\u0103 compenseze o parte tot mai mare din produc\u021bia intern\u0103 prin importuri \u0219i prin utilizarea unor surse de energie mai costisitoare, \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care consumul de var\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne ridicat.<\/p>\n

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