{"id":247936,"date":"2026-08-02T06:39:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T06:39:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/247936\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T06:39:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T06:39:12","slug":"povestea-fascinanta-a-ganditorului-de-la-hamangia-si-a-descoperirii-sale-dupa-7-000-de-ani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/247936\/","title":{"rendered":"Povestea fascinant\u0103 a \u201eG\u00e2nditorului de la Hamangia\u201d \u0219i a descoperirii sale dup\u0103 7.000 de ani"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen urm\u0103
\ncu \u0219apte milenii, din lutul Dobrogei au fost modelate dou\u0103 statuete, opere de
\nart\u0103 ale artei preistorice. Descoperite \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor \u00eentr-un lag\u0103r al canalului Dun\u0103re-Marea
\nNeagr\u0103 din zona Cernavod\u0103, micile obiecte din lut ars care apar\u021bin unei culturi
\nstr\u0103vechi continu\u0103 s\u0103 fascineze prin metoda de execu\u021bie, dar mai ales prin
\nexpresia fe\u021bei G\u00e2nditorului.<\/p>\n

\"Celebrele <\/p>\n

Celebrele statuete \u201eG\u00e2nditorul de la Hamangia\u201c \u0219i \u201eFemeie \u0219ez\u00e2nd\u201c FOTO Profimedia<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\u00cen urm\u0103
\ncu aproximativ 7.000 de ani, un om anatolian modela cu m\u00e2inile lutul Dobrogei. \u00cent\u00e2i l-a f\u0103cut pe el:
\ncu corpul u\u0219or aplecat, cu capul oval sprijinindu-se de cele dou\u0103 m\u00e2ini, care
\nsugereaz\u0103 impresia de g\u00e2nditor. Spatele l-a f\u0103cut drept, u\u0219or curbat, apoi a
\n\u00eenceput s\u0103-i dea chip: ochii sunt din dou\u0103 suprafe\u021be triunghiulare scobite,
\napoi a scos nasul \u00een relief. S-a oprit apoi la gur\u0103, unde a scobit o mic\u0103
\nincizie oval\u0103. Dup\u0103 ce a alungit g\u00e2tul, a cobor\u00e2t apoi la bra\u021be, pe care le-a
\nmodelat din c\u00e2te o bucat\u0103 de lut \u0219i a accentuat liniile. Apoi, a f\u0103cut mici
\ncrest\u0103turi \u00een locul degetelor de la m\u00e2ini \u0219i picioare. <\/p>\n

S-a
\nuitat prelung la mica statuet\u0103, care-i \u00eenc\u0103pea \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 m\u00e2n\u0103. A r\u0103sucit-o
\npe toate p\u0103r\u021bile. A m\u00e2ng\u00e2iat-o cu m\u00e2inile pline de p\u0103m\u00e2nt galben \u0219i a vrut s-o
\ndistrug\u0103, dar \u0219i-a dat seama ce-i lipsea, de ce nu era complet\u0103: lipsea ea.
\nAtunci, a luat o m\u00e2n\u0103 de lut \u0219i a \u00eenceput s\u0103 o fac\u0103 pe femeie. I-a arcuit
\nspatele \u0219i i-a f\u0103cut apoi capul, u\u0219or oval. I-a modelat b\u0103rbia ridicat\u0103. Spre
\ndeosebire de perechea sa, femeia pare mult mai \u00eencrez\u0103toare \u0219i mai st\u0103p\u00e2n\u0103 pe sine. Apoi tot din lut i-a
\nf\u0103cut s\u00e2nii \u0219i abdomenul, pu\u021bin supradimensionat. Ambele m\u00e2ini i le-a sprijinit
\nu\u0219or pe piciorul drept u\u0219or \u00eendoit.\u00a0 <\/p>\n

Cele
\ndou\u0103 statuete au fost \u00eengropate ad\u00e2nc, \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2ntul Dobrogei, acolo unde s-au
\nf\u0103cut pulbere \u0219i oasele regilor \u0219i ale sclavilor. Au venit cataclisme naturale
\n\u0219i apa a n\u0103v\u0103lit peste uscat, distrug\u00e2nd totul \u00een calea sa. Au n\u0103v\u0103lit hoarde
\nt\u0103tare \u0219i sub copitele cailor a r\u0103mas doar p\u0103m\u00e2ntul ars. Au venit st\u0103p\u00e2niri
\nstr\u0103ine, dar Dobrogea a ascuns, de mii de ani, \u00een m\u0103runtaiele sale, comorile
\ncele mai de pre\u021b, printre care \u0219i cele dou\u0103 statuete din lut ars, modelate cu
\nmii de ani \u00eenainte de era noastr\u0103 \u0219i \u00eengropate ad\u00e2nc \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2ntul de pe malul
\nDun\u0103rii, vechiul Istru c\u00e2ntat de poe\u021bi, \u00een zona unde ast\u0103zi este ora\u0219ul
\nCernavod\u0103.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\"image\" <\/p>\n

A\u0219ezarea
\na \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie cercetat\u0103 de arheologi dup\u0103 integrarea provinciei la statul
\nrom\u00e2n, dup\u0103 anul 1878. Aici, \u00een incinta anticului Axiopolis, arheologul Grigore
\nTocilescu a descoperit primele fragmente de ceramic\u0103. \u00cen timpul Primului R\u0103zboi
\nMondial, c\u00e2nd Dobrogea a fost ocupat\u0103 de trupele germano-bulgare, mai mul\u021bi
\nsavan\u021bi germani au c\u0103utat \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2nturile Dobrogei vestigii ale unor vremuri
\ntrecute. De departe, cel mai vestit este Carl Schuchhardt, care a identificat
\nfortifica\u021biile romane din Dobrogea prin imagini aeriene. Tot el a fost cel care
\na s\u0103pat \u00een zona ora\u0219ului Cernavod\u0103 \u00eentr-un tell care f\u0103cea parte din cultura
\nGumelni\u021ba. <\/p>\n

Lag\u0103rul
\nCanalului, pe urmele unui cimitir al culturii Hamangia<\/p>\n

Dar
\nCernavod\u0103 ascundea \u00een ad\u00e2ncurile sale ceva mult mai vechi, ceva mult mai de
\npre\u021b. Odat\u0103 cu instaurarea regimului comunist \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, \u00eentreaga Dobroge a
\nfost \u00eemp\u00e2nzit\u0103 de lag\u0103re de munc\u0103 unde au fost \u00eenchi\u0219i intelectuali, \u021b\u0103rani, \u00een
\ngeneral to\u021bi cei care se opuneau noului regim \u0219i obliga\u021bi s\u0103 munceasc\u0103 pe
\n\u0219antierul Canalului Dun\u0103re-Marea Neagr\u0103, proiectul stalinist demarat pe vremea
\nlui Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. La Cernavod\u0103 a fost unul dintre aceste lag\u0103re, care
\nse numea Columbia-Cernavod\u0103, numit\u0103, ironic, dup\u0103 fosta rafin\u0103rie care a
\nfunc\u021bionat aici, a vechii Societ\u0103\u021bi Petroliere Franco-Rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u201eColombia\u201c, din perioada
\ninterbelic\u0103. Aici, de\u021binu\u021bii \u201ebandi\u021bi\u201c erau trimi\u0219i s\u0103 sape \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2ntul
\nDobrogei cu lope\u021bi, t\u00e2rn\u0103coape \u0219i s\u0103 care p\u0103m\u00e2ntul cu roabe. \u00cen timpul unei
\nastfel de s\u0103p\u0103turi, \u00een anul 1953, unul dintre de\u021binu\u021bi a descoperit c\u00e2teva
\npiese de ceramic\u0103. Era anul \u00een care \u0219antierul canalului a fost \u00eenchis, pentru a
\nfi redeschis 20 de ani mai t\u00e2rziu c\u00e2nd s-a construit Magistrala Albastr\u0103. <\/a><\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Zona
\nunde au fost descoperite cele dou\u0103 statuete a r\u0103mas necunoscut\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi,
\na\u0219a cum precizeaz\u0103 pentru \u201eWeekend
\nAdev\u0103rul\u201c istoricul Valentina Voinea de la Muzeul de
\nIstorie \u0219i Arheologie din Constan\u021ba. \u00cen imaginile vechi p\u0103strate la Institutul
\nde Arheologie \u201eVasile P\u00e2rvan\u201c, apar arheologii \u00een timp ce sap\u0103 pentru recuperarea
\nfragmentelor statuetelor, iar \u00een plan secund apare malul Dun\u0103rii. <\/p>\n

Conform descrierii afi\u0219ate la Muzeul Na\u021bional de
\nIstorie a Rom\u00e2niei din Bucure\u0219ti, \u201e\u00een anul 1952, arheologul Dumitru Berciu a
\ndescoperit, \u00een Dobrogea, primele dovezi ale unei culturi Neolitice, care a
\nprimit numele de cultura Hamangia (de la satul omonim din jude\u021bul Constan\u021ba).
\n\u00cen anul 1954, o necropol\u0103 cu peste 300 de morminte de \u00eenhuma\u021bie, apar\u021bin\u00e2nd
\nacestei culturi, a fost descoperit\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 ora\u0219ul Cernavod\u0103. Doi ani mai t\u00e2rziu,
\n\u00een timpul cercet\u0103rilor arheologice la necropol\u0103, D. Berciu \u0219i S. Moritz au
\ng\u0103sit dou\u0103 figurine antropomorfe din lut ars, despre care speciali\u0219tii au
\nafirmat c\u0103 au f\u0103cut parte din inventarul funerar al unui morm\u00e2nt. (…) \u00cen
\nmomentul descoperirii, statuetele erau sparte \u00een mai multe fragmente, care au
\nfost toate recuperate, astfel c\u0103 figurinele au putut fi, ulterior, restaurate\u201c. <\/p>\n

FOTO Obiecte de podoab\u0103 pe care le purtau femeile \u015fi b\u0103rba\u0163ii \u00een urm\u0103 cu mii de ani, expuse la Muzeul de Arheologie <\/a>Statuetele,
\n\u00een patrimoniul muzeului de la Bucure\u0219ti <\/p>\n

Cele
\ndou\u0103 statuete miniaturale, de doar 11,5 centimetri \u00een\u0103l\u021bime, apar\u021bin\u00e2nd artei
\nprimitive, modelate \u00een lut \u0219i apoi arse, nu au fost reconstituite \u00een \u00eentregime
\n\u0219i nu vom \u0219ti probabil niciodat\u0103 ce a trecut\u00a0
\nprin cele patru orificii mici din partea superioar\u0103 a G\u00e2nditorului sau
\ndac\u0103 omul preistoric umpluse ochii sau gura cu o past\u0103 de alt\u0103 culoare. <\/p>\n

A\u0219a cum
\nse obi\u0219nuia la vremea respectiv\u0103, dup\u0103 restaurare, cele dou\u0103 opere de art\u0103 au
\nfost luate de nou-\u00eenfiin\u021batul Muzeu de Istorie al Republicii Socialiste
\nRom\u00e2nia, actualul Muzeu Na\u021bional de Istorie a Rom\u00e2niei, unde se afl\u0103 \u0219i \u00een
\nprezent, fiind incluse \u00een lista scurt\u0103 a marilor crea\u021bii istorice ale omenirii.
\n\u201eExpresia fe\u021bei, ap\u0103sarea puternic\u0103 a capului \u00een palme \u0219i a coatelor pe
\ngenunchi, \u00eencordarea general\u0103 a corpului, cu admirabila modelare a spin\u0103rii
\narcuite, contractarea mu\u0219chilor pectorali \u0219i redarea precis\u0103 a sc\u0103unelului \u2013
\ntoate acestea subliniaz\u0103 posibilit\u0103\u021bile omului neolitic de cunoa\u0219tere profund\u0103
\nat\u00eet a vie\u021bii psihice, interioare, c\u00eet \u0219i a realit\u0103\u021bii \u00eenconjur\u0103toare \u0219i de
\nredare a lor prin mijlocirea plasticii \u00eentr-o imagine de mare valoare
\nartistic\u0103. C\u0103tre aceea\u0219i concluzie duce \u0219i statueta reprezent\u00eend o femeie
\n\u0219ez\u00eend, a c\u0103rei modelare aminte\u0219te statuaria antic\u0103\u201c, descria arheologul
\nDumitru Berciu micile statuete, dup\u0103 ce au fost \u00eentregite.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\"Descoperirile <\/p>\n

Descoperirile de la Durankulak<\/p>\n

Al\u0103turi
\nde ceea ce marele istoric a numit \u201eG\u00e2nditorul \u0219i femeia \u0219ez\u00e2nd\u0103\u201c s-au
\ndescoperit mai multe piese de inventar: vase ceramice cu decor incizat, unelte
\nde piatr\u0103, podoabe din scoici marine, dar \u0219i morminte de copii cu ofrande
\nbogate. Analizele antropologice efectuate de biologul-antropolog Olga Necrasov
\npe oasele descoperite au stabilit prezen\u021ba unei popula\u021bii robuste, de tip
\nmediteranoid. \u00cen acele timpuri, oamenii aveau o speran\u021b\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 redus\u0103, dar
\nse adaptau bine la condi\u021biile de via\u021b\u0103 de aici. S\u0103p\u0103turile au continuat \u0219i \u00een
\nalte puncte din Cernavod\u0103, fiind descoperite mai multe urme de locuire ale
\nciviliza\u021biei apuse care ne l\u0103sase mo\u0219tenire \u0219i cele dou\u0103 opere de art\u0103. A\u0219a,
\ns-a putut recrea lumea lor. Ace\u0219ti oameni tr\u0103iau \u00een bordeie, dar care aveau
\nvetre \u0219i gropi menajere, ridicate pe terase joase \u00een apropierea surselor de
\nap\u0103. Din materialul arheologic descoperit, cum ar fi vasele de provizii,
\nceramica fin\u0103 decorat\u0103, greut\u0103\u021bi de pescuit \u0219i fragmente de r\u00e2\u0219ni\u021be, istoricii
\nau dedus c\u0103 ei tr\u0103iau din agricultur\u0103, dar c\u0103 erau \u0219i buni pescari \u0219i \u0219tiau \u0219i
\ns\u0103 prelucreze ceea ce rodea p\u0103m\u00e2ntul. Din p\u0103cate, de\u0219i descoperirea a fost una
\nde excep\u021bie, nici p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent \u00eentregul material arheologic nu a fost
\npublicat. <\/p>\n

Enigma de pe chipul G\u00e2nditorului de la Hamangia, nedezlegat\u0103 de 5.000 de ani. Cum a fost descoperit\u0103 celebra statuet\u0103 <\/a>Statuetele,
\n\u00een marile expozi\u021bii ale lumii <\/p>\n

Dup\u0103
\nRevolu\u021bie, cele dou\u0103 statuete au fost descoperite \u015fi de lumea occidental\u0103, care
\na r\u0103mas uimit\u0103 de unicitatea lor. P\u00e2n\u0103 atunci, despre ele \u0219tiau doar istoricii
\n\u0219i arheologii care citeau revistele de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 unde publica Dumitru Berciu. \u201e\u00cen
\n1960 am publicat renumita pereche de la Cernavod\u0103 \u00eentr-o revist\u0103 de mare
\ncircula\u0163ie \u015fi \u00een acela\u015fi an ap\u0103rea un studiu detaliat \u015fi totodat\u0103 de
\ngeneralizare istoric\u0103 asupra celor dou\u0103 statuete de la Cernavod\u0103, av\u00eend
\nreferiri la problemele generale ale culturii Hamangia\u201c, scria el. \u201e\u00cenc\u0103 de la
\n\u00eenceput, datorit\u0103 con\u0163inutului s\u0103u cu totul nou \u015fi original, noua cultur\u0103 a
\ntrezit, at\u00eet \u00een arheologia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, c\u00eet \u015fi \u00een cea str\u0103in\u0103, un viu interes.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\u00cen
\n1958, J. Neustupny, pe baza comunic\u0103rii \u0163inute la Roma, scotea \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103
\nnoile probleme ridicate de cultura Hamangia nu numai \u00een preistoria Rom\u00e2niei \u015fi
\na Europei sud-estice, dar \u015fi \u00een aceea a Europei centrale\u201c, continua Berciu,
\ndezv\u0103luind faptul c\u0103 \u201edescoperirile din Dobrogea au fost semnalate \u015fi \u00een
\nBuletinul de informare U.N.E.S.C.O.\u201c \u00eenc\u0103 din anul 1966. <\/p>\n

Abia \u00een anul 2000 au
\nfost \u00eenscrise pe lista UNESCO a celor zece artefacte reprezentative ale
\nomenirii. Apoi, statuetele au fost trimise la expozi\u021bii interna\u021bionale: la
\nOlten din Elve\u021bia \u00een 2008, la New York \u00een 2009, Oxford 2009 \u0219i Liege \u00een 2019.
\nAnul trecut, cele dou\u0103 statuete au fost vedetele unei expozi\u021bii din Danemarca,
\nfiind \u00eemprumutate de Rom\u00e2nia pentru evenimentul \u201eMama P\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i puterile divine
\nale epocii de piatr\u0103\u201c, organizat \u00een perioada octombrie 2024 – august 2025, la
\nMuzeul Moesgaard din Beder, o suburbie a ora\u0219ului Aarhus.<\/p>\n

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