Il Post<\/a>.<\/p>\nCauzele crizei sunt concuren\u021ba tot mai puternic\u0103 din China, mai ales pe segmentul electric, dar \u0219i decizii industriale gre\u0219ite. Autoturismele germane, considerate odinioar\u0103 printre cele mai fiabile, au devenit astfel mai pu\u021bin competitive. Sc\u0103derea v\u00e2nz\u0103rilor reprezint\u0103 o veste proast\u0103 pentru economia Germaniei, aflat\u0103 deja \u00een dificultate.<\/p>\n
Volkswagen \u0219i-a dublat planul de reduceri de personal<\/p>\n
Majoritatea companiilor \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 evite concedierile colective, apel\u00e2nd \u00een schimb la pension\u0103ri anticipate \u0219i plec\u0103ri voluntare. Volkswagen are aproximativ 630.000 de angaja\u021bi la nivel global. Compania prezentase anterior un plan de reducere cu 50.000 de posturi, plan pe care l-a dublat acum p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2030.<\/p>\n
Potrivit anali\u0219tilor, Volkswagen are o structur\u0103 de costuri rigid\u0103 \u0219i un num\u0103r prea mare de angaja\u021bi. Compania are cu circa 60% mai mul\u021bi angaja\u021bi dec\u00e2t Toyota, de\u0219i produce un volum similar de vehicule. Costurile fabricilor din Germania r\u0103m\u00e2n, \u00een medie, mai ridicate dec\u00e2t \u00een alte \u021b\u0103ri.<\/p>\n
O prezen\u021b\u0103 sindical\u0103 puternic\u0103 a limitat, p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, posibilit\u0103\u021bile de reducere a costurilor. BMW pl\u0103nuie\u0219te eliminarea a 8.000 de locuri de munc\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 anul viitor. Mercedes-Benz a oferit stimulente de plecare pentru circa 5.500 de angaja\u021bi. Compania a propus \u0219i mai multe ore de munc\u0103 la acela\u0219i salariu. Porsche \u0219i Audi, ambele parte din grupul Volkswagen, vor elimina alte mii de posturi p\u00e2n\u0103 la finalul deceniului viitor.<\/p>\n
China, de la pia\u021b\u0103-cheie la principal rival industrial<\/p>\n
Companiile germane \u0219i-au construit succesul, timp de decenii, pe v\u00e2nzarea de vehicule premium \u00een toat\u0103 lumea. China a fost, mult timp, motorul acestei cre\u0219teri. \u00cen 2019, pia\u021ba chinez\u0103 reprezenta 37% din v\u00e2nz\u0103rile globale ale Volkswagen.<\/p>\n
Accesul pe pia\u021ba chinez\u0103 a presupus \u00eens\u0103 parteneriate obligatorii cu produc\u0103tori locali. \u00cen timp, ace\u0219tia au asimilat multe dintre competen\u021bele tehnologice aduse de companiile germane. Profit\u00e2nd de tranzi\u021bia rapid\u0103 c\u0103tre electrice, companiile chineze au dezvoltat propriile baterii \u0219i sisteme software.<\/p>\n
M\u0103rcile europene \u0219i-au pierdut astfel avantajul istoric, bazat pe motoarele termice complexe. La vehiculele electrice, o mare parte din valoare st\u0103 \u00een software \u0219i \u00een chimia bateriilor. \u00cen aceste domenii, companiile germane nu acumulaser\u0103 suficient\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n
\u00cen prima jum\u0103tate a anului, v\u00e2nz\u0103rile \u00een China au sc\u0103zut cu 26% pentru Volkswagen \u0219i 28% pentru Mercedes-Benz. La BMW, sc\u0103derea a fost de 20%. M\u0103rci chineze\u0219ti precum BYD, Geely \u0219i Leapmotor export\u0103 acum masiv \u0219i \u00een Europa, la pre\u021buri competitive. Produc\u0103torii chinezi lanseaz\u0103 modele noi \u00een mai pu\u021bin de un an \u0219i jum\u0103tate. E de dou\u0103 ori mai rapid dec\u00e2t rivalii europeni.<\/p>\n
Criza alimenteaz\u0103 \u0219i tensiuni politice \u00een Germania<\/p>\n
\u00cen ultimii zece ani, produc\u021bia de vehicule din fabricile germane s-a redus cu 28%. Declinul alimenteaz\u0103 o dezbatere tot mai ampl\u0103 privind riscul de dezindustrializare a \u021b\u0103rii. Comunit\u0103\u021bile dependente de industria auto resimt cel mai puternic efectele: pierderea locurilor de munc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103r\u0103cirea.<\/p>\n
Partidul de extrem\u0103 dreapt\u0103 Alternative f\u00fcr Deutschland folose\u0219te aceste probleme \u00een propaganda sa. AfD critic\u0103 astfel guvernul federal \u0219i politicile europene de tranzi\u021bie energetic\u0103, \u00een \u00eencercarea de a atrage noi sus\u021bin\u0103tori.<\/p>\n
Uniunea European\u0103 a introdus taxe vamale asupra vehiculelor electrice chineze\u0219ti, acuz\u00e2nd Beijingul de subven\u021bii neloiale. M\u0103sura risc\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103 pre\u021burile pentru consumatori \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eencetineasc\u0103 tranzi\u021bia c\u0103tre o mobilitate mai pu\u021bin poluant\u0103.<\/p>\n
Unele grupuri industriale europene au ales, \u00een schimb, calea colabor\u0103rii cu rivalii chinezi. Ele au \u00eencheiat acorduri de partajare tehnologic\u0103 sau au preluat participa\u021bii \u00een companii chineze. Volkswagen ia \u00een calcul s\u0103 produc\u0103 \u00een Europa modele g\u00e2ndite ini\u021bial exclusiv pentru pia\u021ba chinez\u0103.<\/p>\n
Riscul, potrivit anali\u0219tilor, este ca m\u0103rcile europene s\u0103 ajung\u0103 tot mai dependente de tehnologia chinez\u0103<\/a>. Astfel, ele ar putea pierde o parte important\u0103 din avantajele acumulate \u00eentr-un secol de istorie a industriei auto.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Volkswagen a anun\u021bat recent reducerea a aproximativ 100.000 de locuri de munc\u0103. \u00cen paralel, BMW \u0219i Mercedes-Benz lucreaz\u0103…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":249531,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[12],"tags":[98,127,32,33,31,125,3012,24308,36,37,102,27,13960,74,34,35,4142,1370,25,41,40,38,39,26,28,29,30,1788,71,72,73],"class_list":["post-249530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-international","tag-audi","tag-bmw","tag-breaking-news","tag-breakingnews","tag-cele-mai-populare-subiecte","tag-china","tag-concedieri","tag-economie-germania","tag-featured-news","tag-featurednews","tag-germania","tag-headlines","tag-industria-auto","tag-international","tag-latest-news","tag-latestnews","tag-masini-electrice","tag-mercedes","tag-news","tag-ro","tag-romana","tag-romania","tag-romanian","tag-stiri","tag-titluri","tag-top-stories","tag-topstories","tag-volkswagen","tag-world","tag-world-news","tag-worldnews"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@ro\/117032002134332543","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249530","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=249530"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249530\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/249531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=249530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=249530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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\t\t\t <\/p>\n