{"id":250507,"date":"2026-08-04T10:27:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T10:27:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/250507\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T10:27:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T10:27:12","slug":"specula-de-la-pompa-romania-campioana-scumpirii-motorinei-desi-are-petrol-si-rafinarii-marti-pretul-a-ajuns-la-1098-lei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/250507\/","title":{"rendered":"Specula de la pomp\u0103? Rom\u00e2nia, campioana scumpirii motorinei, de\u0219i are petrol \u0219i rafin\u0103rii. Mar\u021bi, pre\u021bul a ajuns la 10,98 lei"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pre\u021bul motorinei a explodat \u00een Rom\u00e2nia dup\u0103 o \u00eentrerupere de doar c\u00e2teva zile a exporturilor de petrol din Kazahstan, \u00eens\u0103 revenirea livr\u0103rilor nu a adus \u0219i ieftinirea a\u0219teptat\u0103. \u00cen timp ce cota\u021bia petrolului Brent a revenit rapid dup\u0103 \u0219ocul ini\u021bial, iar unele state europene au men\u021binut sau chiar au redus pre\u021burile, Rom\u00e2nia a \u00eenregistrat cea mai mare cre\u0219tere a pre\u021bului motorinei dintre \u021b\u0103rile analizate. Anali\u0219tii consulta\u021bi de \u201eAdev\u0103rul\u201d vorbesc despre o pia\u021b\u0103 \u00een care scumpirile sunt transferate imediat c\u0103tre consumatori, iar ieftinirile ajung cu \u00eent\u00e2rziere la pomp\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"Colaj <\/p>\n

Rom\u00e2nia a ajuns s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 motorina mai scump dec\u00e2t \u021b\u0103ri dependente aproape integral de importuri<\/p>\n

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Rom\u00e2nia
\na ajuns \u00eentr-un scenariu paradoxal pe pia\u021ba carburan\u021bilor: de\u0219i
\nare produc\u021bie intern\u0103 de \u021bi\u021bei, rafin\u0103rii proprii \u0219i o
\ndependen\u021b\u0103 relativ redus\u0103 de importurile directe de motorin\u0103<\/a>,
\npre\u021bul la pomp\u0103 a crescut mai rapid dec\u00e2t \u00een multe state europene
\ncare \u00ee\u0219i acoper\u0103 aproape integral consumul din import.<\/p>\n

Luni, la pr\u00e2nz, pre\u021bul motorinei standard \u00een Bucure\u0219ti varia
\n\u00eentre 10,57 lei \u0219i 10,83 lei pe litru. Cel mai mic pre\u021b era afi\u0219at
\nde Petrom \u0219i Socar, de 10,57 lei\/litru, urmate de Mol, cu 10,62
\nlei\/litru, Rompetrol \u0219i OMV, cu 10,63 lei\/litru, iar Lukoil, cu
\n10,83 lei\/litru.<\/p>\n

Trendul ascendent a continuat \u0219i mar\u021bi, pre\u021burile motorinei standard apropiindu-se alarmant de 11 lei (10,98 lei\/litru la Lukoil), \u00een timp ce OMV \u0219i Mol afi\u0219au un pre\u021b de 10,83 lei\/litru, iar Petrom 10,77 lei\/litru, cel mai mic pre\u021b fiind al Socar – 10,57 lei\/litru.<\/p>\n

Cre\u0219terea vine dup\u0103 un episod de volatilitate provocat de
\nanun\u021bul Kazahstanului din 22 iulie privind oprirea exporturilor de
\npetrol c\u0103tre Rom\u00e2nia. Livr\u0103rile au fost reluate dup\u0103 cinci zile,
\npe 27 iulie, \u00eens\u0103 efectul asupra pre\u021burilor de la pomp\u0103 a r\u0103mas.<\/p>\n

\u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, argumentul folosit de companii pentru
\nscumpiri a fost presiunea de pe pia\u021ba interna\u021bional\u0103. Datele
\nprivind cota\u021biile arat\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 o evolu\u021bie care ridic\u0103 semne de
\n\u00eentrebare. La 22 iulie, c\u00e2nd Kazahstanul a anun\u021bat oprirea
\nexporturilor, petrolul Brent era cotat la 94,07 dolari pe baril. A
\ndoua zi a urcat la pu\u021bin peste 100 de dolari pe baril, \u00eens\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103
\nla 28 iulie revenise la aproximativ 84 de dolari. Luni, 3 august,
\ncota\u021bia Brent era de 83,76 dolari pe baril.<\/p>\n

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Cu alte cuvinte, \u0219ocul de pia\u021b\u0103 care a justificat major\u0103rile a
\nfost de scurt\u0103 durat\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 pre\u021burile la pomp\u0103 nu au urmat
\naceea\u0219i traiectorie.<\/p>\n

\u201eEste specul\u0103 \u00een toat\u0103 regula\u201d. Scumpirile
\nvin rapid, ieftinirile \u00eent\u00e2rzie <\/p>\n

Expertul \u00een energie Silviu Gresoi consider\u0103 c\u0103 reac\u021bia pie\u021bei
\nrom\u00e2ne\u0219ti indic\u0103 un mecanism dezechilibrat, \u00een care motivele de
\nscumpire sunt transferate imediat c\u0103tre consumatori, \u00een timp ce
\nmotivele de ieftinire sunt absorbite mult mai lent de distribuitori.<\/p>\n

\u201eInvocarea Kazahstanului explic\u0103 doar par\u021bial situa\u021bia. \u00cen
\nrealitate, pia\u021ba reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 mult mai rapid c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 motive
\nde scumpire dec\u00e2t atunci c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 motive de ieftinire. Pia\u021ba
\npetrolului este global\u0103, iar Rom\u00e2nia \u00ee\u0219i asigur\u0103 aprovizionarea
\ndin mai multe surse. O \u00eentrerupere de c\u00e2teva zile poate influen\u021ba
\nsentimentul din pia\u021b\u0103, dar nu justific\u0103, de una singur\u0103, o
\ncre\u0219tere semnificativ\u0103 a pre\u021burilor la pomp\u0103\u201d, a declarat
\nSilviu Gresoi pentru \u201eAdev\u0103rul\u201d.<\/p>\n

Potrivit acestuia, pre\u021burile trebuie analizate \u00een func\u021bie de
\nmai mul\u021bi factori, precum cota\u021biile interna\u021bionale, stocurile
\nexistente \u0219i politicile comerciale ale distribuitorilor.<\/p>\n

\u201eEvolu\u021bia trebuie analizat\u0103 \u00een contextul cota\u021biilor
\ninterna\u021bionale, al stocurilor existente \u0219i al politicilor
\ncomerciale ale distribuitorilor\u201d, a explicat expertul.<\/p>\n

Problema principal\u0103, sus\u021bine acesta, este c\u0103 pia\u021ba
\nfunc\u021bioneaz\u0103 asimetric. Atunci c\u00e2nd apare un motiv de scumpire,
\nacesta este introdus aproape imediat \u00een pre\u021bul final. \u00cen schimb,
\nc\u00e2nd factorii externi se inverseaz\u0103, consumatorii trebuie s\u0103
\na\u0219tepte.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie este rezumat\u0103 de speciali\u0219ti printr-o
\nobserva\u021bie devenit\u0103 frecvent\u0103 \u00een pia\u021b\u0103: scumpirea circul\u0103 cu
\nviteza internetului, \u00een timp ce ieftinirea vine cu viteza cisternei.<\/p>\n

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Rom\u00e2nia, campioana european\u0103 la scumpirea
\nmotorinei <\/p>\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, expertul \u00een energie Dumitru Chis\u0103li\u021b\u0103 arat\u0103 c\u0103
\nRom\u00e2nia a avut cea mai mare cre\u0219tere a pre\u021bului mediu al motorinei
\ndintre statele europene analizate \u00een ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103.<\/p>\n

Potrivit acestuia, pre\u021bul
\nmotorinei la pomp\u0103 a crescut \u00een Rom\u00e2nia cu 7,5% \u00een \u0219apte zile.
\nMajorarea este peste cea din Croa\u021bia, unde cre\u0219terea a fost de
\n7,4%, peste Spania, cu 4,7%, Polonia, cu 3,9%, sau Bulgaria, cu numai
\n2,3%.<\/p>\n

Situa\u021bia este cu at\u00e2t mai dificil de explicat cu c\u00e2t Rom\u00e2nia
\nnu este printre statele cele mai dependente de importuri.<\/p>\n

\u201eRom\u00e2nia are \u021bi\u021bei rom\u00e2nesc, rafin\u0103rii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti \u0219i
\ntotu\u0219i pre\u021buri ca \u0219i cum totul ar veni din import\u201d, sus\u021bine Chis\u0103li\u021b\u0103, preciz\u00e2nd c\u0103 aproximativ 19% din
\nmotorina consumat\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia provine din \u021bi\u021bei extras intern,
\n22% din import direct de motorin\u0103, iar 59% din motorin\u0103 produs\u0103
\ndin \u021bi\u021bei importat.<\/p>\n

Prin compara\u021bie, Ungaria, o \u021bar\u0103 cu o structur\u0103 de
\naprovizionare apropiat\u0103, are o pondere de 12% \u021bi\u021bei intern, 22%
\nimport direct de motorin\u0103 \u0219i 66% motorin\u0103 produs\u0103 din \u021bi\u021bei
\nimportat. Cu toate acestea, pre\u021bul motorinei \u00een Ungaria nu a
\ncrescut \u00een perioada analizat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen Germania, unde dependen\u021ba extern\u0103 este mult mai mare,
\ncre\u0219terea a fost de numai 1%. Estonia \u0219i Letonia, care import\u0103
\naproape integral motorina consumat\u0103, au avut major\u0103ri de
\naproximativ 2,5%, respectiv 2,1%. Irlanda, dependent\u0103 \u00een propor\u021bie
\nde aproximativ 91% de importurile directe de motorin\u0103, a \u00eenregistrat
\nchiar o sc\u0103dere de 0,2%.<\/p>\n

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\u201eDac\u0103 toate statele europene cump\u0103r\u0103 produse petroliere de pe
\naceea\u0219i pia\u021b\u0103 regional\u0103, de ce Rom\u00e2nia a transferat cre\u0219terea
\nla pomp\u0103 mai repede \u0219i mai puternic dec\u00e2t aproape toate celelalte
\n\u021b\u0103ri?\u201d, sus\u021bine expertul, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 un r\u0103spuns.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd cre\u0219te cota\u021bia, motorina din
\nrezervoare devine imediat \u201emotorin\u0103 scump\u0103\u201d <\/p>\n

Unul dintre argumentele folosite frecvent de companiile petroliere
\neste c\u0103 pre\u021bul carburan\u021bilor nu este calculat dup\u0103 costul istoric
\nal \u021bi\u021beiului cump\u0103rat \u00een trecut, ci dup\u0103 costul de \u00eenlocuire al
\nprodusului. Cu alte cuvinte, pre\u021bul actual reflect\u0103 c\u00e2t ar costa
\nast\u0103zi compania s\u0103 cumpere aceea\u0219i cantitate de motorin\u0103.<\/p>\n

Bogdan Ivan: \u201eLa fiecare cre\u0219tere cu 10 dolari a barilului de petrol, litrul de motorin\u0103 se scumpe\u0219te cu 45 de bani. Statul ar trebui s\u0103 intervin\u0103 mai tare\u201d <\/a><\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 regul\u0103 poate avea o justificare economic\u0103, \u00eens\u0103
\ndevine discutabil\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd este aplicat\u0103 doar \u00eentr-un singur
\nsens, puncteaz\u0103 Chis\u0103li\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Motorina aflat\u0103 \u00een acest moment \u00een rafin\u0103rii, depozite \u0219i
\nsta\u021bii de alimentare nu a fost produs\u0103 exclusiv din \u021bi\u021bei
\ncump\u0103rat la cota\u021biile actuale. O parte important\u0103 provine din
\nachizi\u021bii f\u0103cute cu s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00eenainte, la alte pre\u021buri.<\/p>\n

\u00cen momentul \u00een care cota\u021biile interna\u021bionale cresc, aceast\u0103
\ndiferen\u021b\u0103 este transferat\u0103 rapid \u00een pre\u021bul final. Atunci c\u00e2nd
\ncota\u021biile scad, explica\u021biile se schimb\u0103: apar stocurile cump\u0103rate
\nmai scump, \u00eent\u00e2rzierile logistice sau timpul necesar pentru rota\u021bia
\nproduselor.<\/p>\n

Dumitru Chis\u0103li\u021b\u0103 sus\u021bine c\u0103 aceast\u0103 asimetrie este una
\ndintre problemele pie\u021bei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti.<\/p>\n

Cre\u0219terea cu 11,86% a cota\u021biei motorinei mediteraneene \u00eentr-o
\ns\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 explic\u0103 existen\u021ba unei presiuni asupra pre\u021burilor,
\n\u00eens\u0103 nu explic\u0103 integral de ce Rom\u00e2nia a avut o majorare de 7,5%,
\n\u00een timp ce alte state cu o dependen\u021b\u0103 mai mare de importuri au
\navut cre\u0219teri mult mai mici.<\/p>\n

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\u201eNu dependen\u021ba de import explic\u0103 recordul Rom\u00e2niei\u201d, arat\u0103 expertul.<\/p>\n

Potrivit acestuia, diferen\u021ba trebuie c\u0103utat\u0103 \u00een modul \u00een care
\ncompaniile transfer\u0103 varia\u021biile pie\u021bei interna\u021bionale \u00een
\npre\u021burile finale.<\/p>\n

Motorina ar fi trebuit s\u0103 fie mai ieftin\u0103 cu 45 de bani pe litru\u00a0 <\/p>\n

Potrivit Asocia\u021biei Energia Inteligent\u0103, \u021bin\u00e2nd
\ncont de evolu\u021bia cota\u021biilor interna\u021bionale, cursul valutar, taxe
\n\u0219i costuri logistice, un nivel maxim justificabil al motorinei ar
\nfi \u00een jurul valorii de 10,20 lei pe litru.<\/p>\n

La un pre\u021b de aproximativ 10,65 lei pe litru, diferen\u021ba este de
\ncirca 45 de bani pe litru.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 diferen\u021b\u0103 poate avea mai multe explica\u021bii:
\ntransmiterea mai rapid\u0103 a scumpirilor dec\u00e2t a ieftinirilor,
\nanticiparea unor modific\u0103ri fiscale sau men\u021binerea pre\u021bului \u00eentr-o
\nzon\u0103 care avantajeaz\u0103 companiile petroliere.<\/p>\n

Dumitru Chis\u0103li\u021b\u0103 atrage aten\u021bia c\u0103 exist\u0103 inclusiv o
\ncoinciden\u021b\u0103 de interese \u00eentre stat \u0219i companiile petroliere.<\/p>\n

\u201eEste un interes comun al statului \u0219i benzinarilor ca aceste
\npre\u021buri mari s\u0103 existe \u00een Rom\u00e2nia\u201d, a declarat expertul \u00een
\nenergie pentru \u201eAdev\u0103rul\u201d.<\/p>\n

Potrivit acestuia, situa\u021bia este vizibil\u0103 prin compara\u021bia cu
\nstate precum Ungaria sau Slovenia, unde pre\u021burile motorinei au
\nsc\u0103zut sau au r\u0103mas constante \u00een aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201eAlte state, precum Ungaria \u0219i Slovenia, care cump\u0103r\u0103
\nmotorin\u0103 \u00een propor\u021bii importante din import, au \u00eenregistrat deja
\nsc\u0103deri ale pre\u021burilor sau nu au fost majorate deloc\u201d, a spus el pentru \u201eAdev\u0103rul\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Expertul precizeaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 nu poate fi demonstrat un acord
\ndirect \u00eentre stat \u0219i companii pentru men\u021binerea unor pre\u021buri
\nridicate, ci mai degrab\u0103 o coinciden\u021b\u0103 de interese pe termen
\nscurt.<\/p>\n

Statul c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 mai mult din TVA \u0219i accize, iar companiile
\nob\u021bin venituri suplimentare prin marje mai mari.<\/p>\n

Statul c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 mai mult la fiecare litru
\nv\u00e2ndut <\/p>\n

Un pre\u021b mai mare al carburan\u021bilor \u00eenseamn\u0103 automat venituri
\nfiscale mai mari pentru buget.<\/p>\n

La actuala cot\u0103 de TVA de 21%, fiecare cre\u0219tere de pre\u021b
\ngenereaz\u0103 venituri suplimentare pentru stat f\u0103r\u0103 ca Guvernul s\u0103
\nadopte o tax\u0103 nou\u0103.<\/p>\n

Potrivit calculelor Asocia\u021biei Energia Inteligent\u0103,
\ndiferen\u021ba de aproximativ 45 de bani pe litru genereaz\u0103 un plus de
\naproximativ 7,8 bani TVA pentru fiecare litru de motorin\u0103 v\u00e2ndut.<\/p>\n

La consumurile actuale, acest mecanism poate aduce aproximativ 186
\nde milioane de lei lunar suplimentar la buget dac\u0103 nivelul de pre\u021b
\nse men\u021bine.<\/p>\n

Pe termen scurt, un astfel de context poate p\u0103rea convenabil
\npentru stat: veniturile cresc automat, f\u0103r\u0103 o decizie politic\u0103
\nexplicit\u0103 de majorare a taxelor.<\/p>\n

Pe termen mediu \u00eens\u0103, efectele pot fi inverse, pentru c\u0103 motorina mai scump\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 costuri mai mari pentru
\ntransportatori, scumpiri \u00een lan\u021b pentru alimente \u0219i bunuri,
\npresiune suplimentar\u0103 asupra infla\u021biei, cheltuieli mai mari pentru
\ninstitu\u021biile publice \u0219i reducerea competitivit\u0103\u021bii companiilor.<\/p>\n

Pre\u021bul motorinei a urcat la 10,68 lei \u00een Capital\u0103. Clujul, lovit de cele mai mari scumpiri <\/a><\/p>\n

Cu alte cuvinte, statul poate c\u00e2\u0219tiga mai mult din TVA-ul
\ncarburan\u021bilor, dar poate pierde prin \u00eencetinirea economiei \u0219i
\nreducerea altor venituri fiscale.<\/p>\n

Transportatorii cer verificarea pre\u021burilor \u0219i
\nacuz\u0103 marje nejustificate <\/p>\n

Cre\u0219terea pre\u021bului motorinei a determinat reac\u021bii \u0219i din
\npartea transportatorilor. Federa\u021bia Operatorilor Rom\u00e2ni de Transport (FORT) a cerut
\ninterven\u021bia Guvernului \u0219i a Consiliului Concuren\u021bei pentru
\nverificarea modului \u00een care s-au format pre\u021burile \u00een ultimele
\ns\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni.<\/p>\n

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Transportatorii sus\u021bin c\u0103 exist\u0103 marje de profit care nu mai
\npot fi justificate prin evolu\u021biile reale ale pie\u021bei interna\u021bionale.<\/p>\n

\u201eC\u00e2t timp vom mai accepta aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie? Transportatorii
\nspun, la unison: Ajunge! Deja este mult prea mult\u201d, a transmis
\nFORT.<\/p>\n

Organiza\u021bia atrage aten\u021bia c\u0103 reducerea costurilor
\ninterna\u021bionale nu se reflect\u0103 \u00een pre\u021burile de la pomp\u0103, iar nota
\nde plat\u0103 este suportat\u0103 de firme \u0219i consumatori.<\/p>\n

FORT solicit\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bilor s\u0103 analizeze modul de formare a
\npre\u021burilor la carburan\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 asigure mai mult\u0103 transparen\u021b\u0103
\npe pia\u021ba distribu\u021biei.<\/p>\n

\u201eUn pre\u021b corect al motorinei nu reprezint\u0103 doar o revendicare
\na transportatorilor, ci o condi\u021bie esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru protejarea
\neconomiei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti, limitarea infla\u021biei \u0219i men\u021binerea
\ncompetitivit\u0103\u021bii companiilor autohtone\u201d, sus\u021bine organiza\u021bia.<\/p>\n

Reducerea accizei nu poate fi activat\u0103 \u00een
\nactualele condi\u021bii <\/p>\n

Parlamentul a adoptat recent un mecanism care permite reducerea
\ntemporar\u0103 a accizei la motorin\u0103 cu procente cuprinse \u00eentre 5% \u0219i
\n25% \u00een situa\u021bii de criz\u0103 pe pia\u021ba carburan\u021bilor.<\/p>\n

M\u0103sura poate fi aplicat\u0103 \u00een cazul unor perturb\u0103ri majore
\ngenerate de conflicte, sanc\u021biuni interna\u021bionale, \u00eentreruperi ale
\nlan\u021burilor de aprovizionare sau alte evenimente excep\u021bionale.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent \u00eens\u0103, mecanismul nu poate fi activat deoarece unul
\ndintre criteriile prev\u0103zute de lege este o cre\u0219tere de cel pu\u021bin
\n20% a cota\u021biei petrolului Brent sau a pre\u021bului mediu la pomp\u0103.<\/p>\n

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\u00cen condi\u021biile actuale, pre\u021bul petrolului nu a crescut, ci a revenit sub
\nnivelurile \u00eenregistrate \u00een momentul tensiunilor de pe pia\u021b\u0103. Astfel, Rom\u00e2nia are pre\u021buri ridicate la pomp\u0103, dar f\u0103r\u0103 ca
\nsitua\u021bia s\u0103 fie \u00eencadrat\u0103 juridic drept o criz\u0103 care s\u0103 permit\u0103
\nreducerea taxelor.<\/a><\/p>\n

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