{"id":252662,"date":"2026-08-06T05:50:14","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T05:50:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/252662\/"},"modified":"2026-08-06T05:50:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T05:50:14","slug":"madridul-in-alerta-dupa-ce-sua-si-israel-pun-sub-semnul-intrebarii-statutul-enclavelor-spaniole-din-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/252662\/","title":{"rendered":"Madridul, \u00een alert\u0103 dup\u0103 ce SUA \u0219i Israel pun sub semnul \u00eentreb\u0103rii statutul enclavelor spaniole din Africa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tot mai multe semne de \u00eentrebare apar cu privire la cine ar s\u0103ri \u00een ajutorul Madridului, dac\u0103 Marocul ar ac\u021biona \u00eempotriva enclavelor spaniole Ceuta \u0219i Melilla.<\/p>\n

\"Mii <\/p>\n

Mii de migran\u021bi au luat cu asalt enclava spaniol\u0103 Ceuta\/FOTO:X<\/p>\n

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Valul de migran\u021bi care a p\u0103truns s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na trecut\u0103 \u00een enclavele spaniole Ceuta \u0219i Melilla a pus Madridul \u00een pozi\u021bie defensiv\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te statutul celor dou\u0103 ora\u0219e autonome din nordul Africii \u2013 \u0219i revendicarea veche a Marocului asupra lor.<\/p>\n

U\u0219urin\u021ba cu care zeci de mii de migran\u021bi au str\u0103puns frontiera a amplificat sentimentul de vulnerabilitate \u00een fa\u021ba unui atac hibrid. Iar aceast\u0103 alarm\u0103 a fost \u00eent\u0103rit\u0103 de teama c\u0103 alia\u021bii tradi\u021bionali ai NATO, din SUA \u0219i UE, nu mai sunt pe deplin de \u00eencredere, din cauza divergen\u021belor politice cu premierul socialist Pedro S\u00e1nchez.<\/p>\n

\u00cencurajat de rela\u021bia tot mai cald\u0103 cu pre\u0219edintele american Donald Trump, Rabatul profit\u0103 de moment \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i intensific\u0103 preten\u021biile asupra Celutei \u0219i Melillei \u2013 pe care le consider\u0103 teritoriu ocupat \u2013 \u00een presa marocan\u0103 apropiat\u0103 de stat.<\/p>\n

Dar, \u0219i mai \u00eengrijor\u0103tor pentru Madrid, acest argument nu mai vine exclusiv din partea Rabatului. \u00centreb\u0103ri privind controlul spaniol de secole asupra celor dou\u0103 ora\u0219e fort\u0103rea\u021b\u0103 au ap\u0103rut \u0219i \u00eentr-un raport al Congresului SUA, precum \u0219i din partea ambasadorului Israelului la ONU.<\/p>\n

Este un semn al nivelului de \u00eengrijorare de la Madrid c\u0103 guvernul este acum nevoit s\u0103 fac\u0103 declara\u021bii publice pe un punct de drept interna\u021bional care \u2013 \u00een urm\u0103 cu doar o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u2013 considera c\u0103 nu necesit\u0103 explica\u021bii.<\/p>\n

\u201eCeuta \u0219i Melilla sunt de neatins\u201d, a declarat luni ministrul Ap\u0103r\u0103rii, Margarita Robles, \u00eentr-o conferin\u021b\u0103 de pres\u0103. \u201eToat\u0103 lumea trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 foarte clar c\u0103 integritatea teritorial\u0103 \u0219i suveranitatea Spaniei nu sunt supuse dezbaterii.\u201d<\/p>\n

Respingerea de c\u0103tre guvern a revendic\u0103rilor Marocului a f\u0103cut \u00eens\u0103 pu\u021bin pentru a reduce temerile din Spania cu privire la ceea ce s-ar \u00eent\u00e2mpla dac\u0103 Rabatul ar cre\u0219te presiunea. \u00cen aceast\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, ziarele na\u021bionale au fost pline de articole care exprim\u0103 temeri legate de un \u201eMar\u0219 Verde 2.0\u201d \u2013 subliniind paralelele cu mobilizarea popular\u0103 \u00een mas\u0103 folosit\u0103 de Maroc \u00een 1975 pentru preluarea provinciei Sahara Spaniol\u0103.<\/p>\n

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Jos\u00e9 Manuel Garc\u00eda-Margallo, ministru de externe al Spaniei \u00eentre 2011 \u0219i 2014 \u0219i membru al Partidului Popular (centru-dreapta), a declarat c\u0103 este vital ca Spania s\u0103 arate c\u0103 controlul s\u0103u asupra ora\u0219elor este negociabil.<\/p>\n

\u201eCrede\u021bi c\u0103 britanicii ar fi permis intrarea a 60.000 de spanioli \u00een Gibraltar?\u201d a \u00eentrebat el. \u201eA\u0219 \u00eencuraja acest guvern s\u0103 fie pu\u021bin mai britanic.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201eAr trebui s\u0103 urm\u0103rim s\u0103 fim prieteni cu Marocul\u201d, a ad\u0103ugat el. \u201eDar este important s\u0103 ne asigur\u0103m c\u0103 \u0219i prietenii \u00een\u021beleg c\u0103 exist\u0103 linii ro\u0219ii care pur \u0219i simplu nu pot fi trecute.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mo\u0219teniri imperiale <\/p>\n

Ceuta \u0219i Melilla sunt printre ultimele vestigii ale vastului Imperiu Spaniol. Ele se afl\u0103 sub st\u0103p\u00e2nirea Madridului din 1668, respectiv 1497 \u0219i sunt p\u0103r\u021bi integrate pe deplin ale Spaniei \u2013 \u0219i ale Uniunii Europene.<\/p>\n

Dar, de la ob\u021binerea independen\u021bei fa\u021b\u0103 de Fran\u021ba \u00een 1956, Marocul a revendicat \u00een mod constant suveranitatea asupra ambelor localit\u0103\u021bi, pe care le caracterizeaz\u0103 drept \u201ecolonii\u201d ocupate de Spania. Iar aceste aspira\u021bii teritoriale au fost subliniate \u00een presa marocan\u0103, \u00een mare parte aliniat\u0103 statului, dup\u0103 evenimentele s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nii trecute.<\/p>\n

\u201eProblema central\u0103 nu mai este dac\u0103 aceste ora\u0219e vor fi reintegrate \u00een mediul lor natural, Marocul, ci c\u00e2t timp va dura \u0219i c\u00e2te tragedii umane vor mai avea loc \u00eentre timp\u201d, scria Le360, o publica\u021bie considerat\u0103 apropiat\u0103 de familia regal\u0103 marocan\u0103.<\/p>\n

Revendic\u0103rile Marocului asupra Celutei \u0219i Melillei au fost \u00eent\u0103rite recent de alia\u021bii interna\u021bionali ai Rabatului \u2013 printre care un politician republican proeminent din SUA.<\/p>\n

\u00centr-un interviu acordat \u00een aprilie ziarului spaniol El Espa\u00f1ol, congresmanul american Mario D\u00edaz-Balart, membru al puternicului Comitet pentru Aloc\u0103ri Bugetare, a declarat c\u0103 \u201eCeuta \u0219i Melilla se afl\u0103 pe teritoriul marocan\u201d \u0219i s-a \u00eentrebat dac\u0103 ora\u0219ele autonome \u201efac parte din Spania sau ar trebui s\u0103 fac\u0103 parte din Maroc\u201d.<\/p>\n

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El a mai subliniat c\u0103, \u00een timp ce premierul S\u00e1nchez \u201epericliteaz\u0103\u201d alian\u021ba dintre SUA \u0219i Spania prin opozi\u021bia sa fa\u021b\u0103 de r\u0103zboiul din Iran, Rabatul a fost un aliat ferm al Washingtonului.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een timp ce legislatorii americani preg\u0103teau un proiect de lege privind aloc\u0103rile bugetare care includea o propunere de 40 de milioane de dolari pentru Maroc, \u00een scopuri de ap\u0103rare \u0219i securitate, D\u00edaz-Balart a depus un raport congressional \u00een care se ar\u0103ta c\u0103 \u201eora\u0219ele Ceuta \u0219i Melilla, administrate de Spania, sunt situate pe teritoriul marocan \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2n obiectul revendic\u0103rii de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 a Marocului\u201d.<\/p>\n

Documentul mai exprima sprijin pentru \u201eangajamentul diplomatic\u201d privind \u201estatutul viitor\u201d al ora\u0219elor autonome.<\/p>\n

\u00centr-o declara\u021bie pentru POLITICO, D\u00edaz-Balart a negat c\u0103 raportul congressional ar fi avut inten\u021bia de a semnala o schimbare major\u0103 \u00een privin\u021ba Celutei \u0219i Melillei.<\/p>\n

\u201eEste o problem\u0103 disputat\u0103 de ceva timp. Marocul a fost un aliat puternic al Statelor Unite \u2013 a fost prima \u021bar\u0103 care a recunoscut Statele Unite. \u0218i am avut rela\u021bii bune cu Spania de-a lungul anilor. Tot ce am cerut a fost ca secretarul de stat Marco Rubio s\u0103 urm\u0103reasc\u0103 aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie \u0219i s\u0103 se asigure c\u0103 ambele p\u0103r\u021bi discut\u0103 aceast\u0103 problem\u0103\u201d, a spus el.<\/p>\n

Este inclus\u0103 Ceuta spaniol\u0103 \u00een Acordurile Abraham? Ce jocuri fac SUA \u0219i Marocul? <\/a><\/p>\n

Dar disponibilitatea congresmanului de a da o platform\u0103 revendic\u0103rilor Rabatului asupra Celutei \u0219i Melillei reflect\u0103 c\u00e2t de apropiate au devenit Marocul \u0219i Statele Unite din 2020. \u00cen acel an, Trump a f\u0103cut pasul istoric de a recunoa\u0219te preten\u021bia Rabatului asupra teritoriului disputat Sahara Occidental\u0103, \u00een schimbul normaliz\u0103rii rela\u021biilor dintre Maroc \u0219i Israel.<\/p>\n

S\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na trecut\u0103, Trump a reafirmat aceast\u0103 recunoa\u0219tere printr-o declara\u021bie a ambasadei SUA la Rabat, exact \u00een momentul \u00een care migran\u021bii p\u0103trundeau \u00een Ceuta. Rabatul \u0219i-a ar\u0103tat satisfac\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de aceast\u0103 decizie anun\u021b\u00e2nd c\u0103 a redenumit o autostrad\u0103 important\u0103 dup\u0103 pre\u0219edintele american.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\u00cengrijor\u0103rile Spaniei cu privire la teritoriile sale din Africa de Nord s-au ad\u00e2ncit \u0219i dup\u0103 ce ambasadorul Israelului la ONU, Danny Danon, a reac\u021bionat la imaginile cu valul de migran\u021bi de s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na trecut\u0103, ripost\u00e2nd la criticile Madridului la adresa r\u0103zboiului din Gaza \u0219i pun\u00e2nd sub semnul \u00eentreb\u0103rii prezen\u021ba Spaniei \u00een Ceuta \u0219i Melilla.<\/p>\n

\u201ePoate c\u0103, \u00eenainte de a continua s\u0103 ne \u021bin\u0103 prelegeri, este timpul s\u0103 explice lumii de ce \u00eenc\u0103 men\u021bine enclave coloniale \u00een Africa\u201d, a scris el pe X.<\/p>\n

\u0218efa misiunii Israelului la Madrid, Dana Erlich, a precizat ulterior c\u0103 declara\u021biile lui Danon nu reprezint\u0103 o pozi\u021bie oficial\u0103.<\/p>\n

Garc\u00eda-Margallo a spus c\u0103 problemele cu D\u00edaz-Balart \u0219i Danon sunt o consecin\u021b\u0103 a politicii externe a lui S\u00e1nchez.<\/p>\n

\u201eNu m\u0103 surprinde nici c\u0103 aceste revendic\u0103ri sunt amplificate \u00een alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale globului… Rela\u021biile guvernului actual cu administra\u021bia Trump \u0219i cu guvernul Israelului s-au deteriorat enorm \u00een ultima vreme\u201d, a spus el. \u201eC\u00e2nd faci din opozi\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de anumite \u021b\u0103ri un punct de onoare, consecin\u021bele sunt de a\u0219teptat.\u201d<\/p>\n

Spectrul \u201eMar\u0219ului Verde\u201d <\/p>\n

Pentru spanioli, ideea c\u0103 Marocul ar putea organiza o situa\u021bie pentru a anexa un teritoriu este departe de a fi o specula\u021bie teoretic\u0103. Mul\u021bi \u00ee\u0219i amintesc \u00eenc\u0103 \u201eMar\u0219ul Verde\u201d din 1975, o opera\u021biune care a for\u021bat predarea Saharei Spaniole.<\/p>\n

\u201eRabatul a trimis zeci de mii de civili pentru a cople\u0219i punctele de frontier\u0103 din Sahara Spaniol\u0103 \u00een 1975, \u00een timp ce dictatorul Francisco Franco era pe patul de moarte\u201d, a declarat Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Jim\u00e9nez, profesor de istorie la Universitatea Rey Juan Carlos din Madrid \u0219i autor al unei c\u0103r\u021bi despre c\u0103derea Saharei Spaniole.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\u201eLa acea vreme, nu era clar cine conducea \u2013 sau va conduce \u2013 Spania, iar Marocul a profitat de sl\u0103biciunea statului spaniol pentru a prelua provincia\u201d, a spus el.<\/p>\n

La jum\u0103tate de secol distan\u021b\u0103, a spus el, regele Marocului, Mohammed al VI-lea, a detectat o sl\u0103biciune similar\u0103 la S\u00e1nchez, al c\u0103rui guvern minoritar nu poate adopta legi importante, iar cercul s\u0103u apropiat este implicat \u00eentr-o re\u021bea de scandaluri de corup\u021bie jenante.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 cum a spus fostul ministru de externe Garc\u00eda-Margallo: \u201eNu am nici cea mai mic\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 c\u0103 sl\u0103biciunea guvernului actual a contribuit la aceast\u0103 criz\u0103.\u201d<\/p>\n

Istoricul Rodr\u00edguez Jim\u00e9nez a spus c\u0103 Rabatul a testat sporadic disponibilitatea Madridului de a-\u0219i ap\u0103ra teritoriile din nordul Africii.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 2002, un pluton de pu\u0219ca\u0219i marini marocani a lansat o \u201einvazie\u201d a insulei Perejil, o insul\u0103 spaniol\u0103 nelocuit\u0103 de pe coasta Celutei, declan\u0219\u00e2nd o criz\u0103 de o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 care s-a \u00eencheiat doar dup\u0103 ce for\u021bele speciale spaniole au fost trimise pentru a-i \u00eendep\u0103rta.<\/p>\n

Criza din Ceuta: un ONG marocan cere o anchet\u0103 independent\u0103 \u0219i acuz\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bile <\/a><\/p>\n

Iar \u00eentr-un incident izbitor de similar cu masivul aflux de migran\u021bi din Ceuta de s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na trecut\u0103, \u00een 2021, aproximativ 8.000 de persoane au p\u0103truns \u00een ora\u0219ul autonom dup\u0103 ce Marocul \u0219i-a retras brusc jandarmii de la frontier\u0103.<\/p>\n

Rodr\u00edguez Jim\u00e9nez a sus\u021binut c\u0103 S\u00e1nchez a gre\u0219it atunci c\u00e2nd a r\u0103spuns la acel incident prin inversarea sprijinului istoric al Spaniei pentru autodeterminarea Saharei Occidentale \u0219i accept\u00e2nd revendicarea Marocului de a controla teritoriul disputat.<\/p>\n

\u201eGuvernul a optat s\u0103 lini\u0219teasc\u0103 Rabatul, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u0103 acest lucru a fost perceput ca un semn de sl\u0103biciune \u00een Maroc, o \u021bar\u0103 care nu ne este prieten\u0103 \u0219i care are tot interesul s\u0103 exploateze vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile noastre\u201d, a spus el.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\u201eCeea ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na trecut\u0103 a fost o repeti\u021bie general\u0103 pentru o eventual\u0103 invazie\u201d, a ad\u0103ugat el. \u201eIar Rabatul a luat act de incapacitatea total\u0103 a Madridului de a respinge acel atac.\u201d<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 capacitate de a proiecta for\u021b\u0103 c\u0103tre Rabat devine din ce \u00een ce mai important\u0103, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce angajamentul NATO de a ap\u0103ra Ceuta \u0219i Melilla pare mai pu\u021bin sigur dec\u00e2t odinioar\u0103. \u00cen 2022, secretarul general de atunci, Jens Stoltenberg, a enumerat \u00een mod specific ora\u0219ele nord-africane ca fiind sub egida alian\u021bei.<\/p>\n

Dar lucrurile s-au schimbat de atunci. Trump a pus sub semnul \u00eentreb\u0103rii angajamentul NATO fa\u021b\u0103 de ap\u0103rarea comun\u0103, iar rela\u021bia sa cu Spania \u2013 pe care a criticat-o \u00een mod repetat pentru cheltuielile de ap\u0103rare slabe \u0219i pentru lipsa de sprijin \u00een r\u0103zboiul din Iran \u2013 este deosebit de tensionat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00centrebat despre pozi\u021bia actual\u0103 a NATO, un oficial a declarat: \u201eNu specul\u0103m cu privire la scenarii ipotetice\u201d, ad\u0103ug\u00e2nd c\u0103 alian\u021ba este \u201epreg\u0103tit\u0103 \u0219i bine pozi\u021bionat\u0103 pentru a proteja \u0219i ap\u0103ra to\u021bi alia\u021bii\u201d.<\/p>\n

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