{"id":267883,"date":"2026-08-19T06:57:11","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T06:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/267883\/"},"modified":"2026-08-19T06:57:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T06:57:11","slug":"profituri-record-la-rafinarii-motorina-scumpa-la-pompa-consiliul-concurentei-s-a-comportat-extrem-de-slab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/267883\/","title":{"rendered":"Profituri record la rafin\u0103rii, motorin\u0103 scump\u0103 la pomp\u0103. \u201eConsiliul Concuren\u021bei s-a comportat extrem de slab\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pre\u021bul motorinei a crescut din nou la peste 10 lei\/litru, pu\u021bin timp dup\u0103 reducerea accizei cu 20%. De\u0219i legea prevedea ieftinirea, efectul nu s-a aplicat stocurilor vechi, iar speciali\u0219tii avertizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 pre\u021bul ar trebui s\u0103 fie cu 1,5 lei mai mic, raportat la cota\u021biile interna\u021bionale. Economi\u0219tii nu exclud posibile ajust\u0103ri artificiale ale profiturilor \u00eentre rafin\u0103rii \u0219i distribu\u021bie, dar spun c\u0103 verificarea revine ANAF.<\/p>\n

\"masina <\/p>\n

Pre\u021bul litrului de motorin\u0103 a crescut iar\u0103\u0219i la peste 10 lei. FOTO: Arhiv\u0103 Adev\u0103rul<\/p>\n

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Motorina s-a scumpit din nou, \u00eenc\u0103 de mar\u021bi, la numai dou\u0103 zile dup\u0103 reducerea accizei<\/a>. Pre\u021burile au urcat cu 15 bani pe litru la cinci dintre principalele re\u021bele din Bucure\u0219ti, dup\u0103 ce acciza la motorina standard fusese redus\u0103 cu 20%, \u00eencep\u00e2nd din 16 august. Reducerea accizei a fost de 560,86 lei pentru 1.000 de litri, \u00eens\u0103 pre\u021burile de la pomp\u0103 au \u00eenceput deja s\u0103 creasc\u0103 din nou. La Petrom era mar\u021bi diminea\u021b\u0103 cea mai ieftin\u0103 motorin\u0103 standard, pre\u021bul unui litru fiind 10,14 lei, fa\u021b\u0103 de 9,99 lei luni, 17 august.<\/p>\n

Reac\u021biile din mediul politic au ap\u0103rut rapid. Fostul ministru al Energiei, deputatul PSD Bogdan Ivan, a declarat mar\u021bi c\u0103 pre\u021burile la motorin\u0103 au luat-o razna, cresc\u00e2nd de la o zi la alta \u0219i, \u00een unele cazuri, chiar de la o or\u0103 la alta la aceea\u0219i benzin\u0103rie. El a cerut premierului \u0219i ministrului Energiei s\u0103 intervin\u0103 de urgen\u021b\u0103, sus\u021bin\u00e2nd c\u0103 Ministerul Finan\u021belor, ANAF \u0219i Consiliul Concuren\u021bei trebuie s\u0103 verifice modul \u00een care se formeaz\u0103 aceste pre\u021buri \u0219i dac\u0103 asist\u0103m la cre\u0219teri speculative.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Expert \u00een energie: \u201ePre\u021bul motorinei ar trebui s\u0103 fie considerabil mai mic\u201d <\/p>\n

Expertul \u00een energie Cosmin P\u0103curaru a explicat pentru Adev\u0103rul care ar putea fi marginile unei eventuale cre\u0219teri speculative a pre\u021burilor.<\/p>\n

\u201ePre\u021bul motorinei \u00een Rom\u00e2nia ar trebui s\u0103 fie considerabil mai mic dec\u00e2t cel actual, dac\u0103 ne raport\u0103m la cota\u021bia de pe pia\u021ba interna\u021bional\u0103. De exemplu, pre\u021bul la ICE GasOil (n.r. principalul pre\u021b de referin\u021b\u0103 global pentru produsele petroliere rafinate distilate intermediar) este de 1.290 de dolari pe ton\u0103, iar dup\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea accizei \u0219i a TVA-ului, am ajunge la un pre\u021b de aproximativ 8,62 lei pe litru.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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\u00cen realitate, \u00eens\u0103, motorina se vinde ast\u0103zi la pomp\u0103 cu 10,22 lei pe litru, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 distribuitorii aplic\u0103 un adaos comercial de peste 15%. \u00centrebarea este cine beneficiaz\u0103 de pe urma acestor pre\u021buri mari: pe de o parte, rafin\u0103riile, ale c\u0103ror costuri reale de achizi\u021bie a petrolului \u0219i de rafinare nu sunt transparente; pe de alt\u0103 parte, companiile de distribu\u021bie, care \u00ee\u0219i m\u0103resc marjele, \u0219i, nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd, statul rom\u00e2n, care \u00eencaseaz\u0103 aproape jum\u0103tate din pre\u021bul final sub form\u0103 de taxe \u0219i accize. \u00cen aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie, este evident c\u0103 institu\u021biile statului, care ar trebui s\u0103 apere interesele consumatorilor, nu \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendeplinesc \u00een mod corespunz\u0103tor atribu\u021biile\u201d, a explicat acesta.<\/p>\n

Reamintim c\u0103\u00a0Federa\u0163ia Operatorilor Rom\u00e2ni de Transport (FORT) a solicitat mar\u021bi Parlamentului s\u0103 modifice legea privind ajustarea temporar\u0103 a accizei la carburan\u0163i \u00een func\u0163ie de evolu\u0163ia pie\u0163ei \u015fi s\u0103 introduc\u0103 un control real al plafon\u0103rii adaosului comercial<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Christian N\u0103sulea, economist \u0219i profesor universitar de economie mondial\u0103, a analizat \u00eentr-un interviu pentru \u201eAdev\u0103rul\u201d cre\u0219terea pre\u021bului motorinei la peste 10 lei pe litru, \u00een contextul intr\u0103rii \u00een vigoare a legii carburan\u021bilor.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Acesta explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 efectul reducerii accizei nu se aplic\u0103 stocurilor de carburan\u021bi deja introduse pe pia\u021b\u0103 \u00eenainte de m\u0103sur\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t impactul asupra pre\u021burilor finale va deveni vizibil doar dup\u0103 epuizarea stocurilor vechi \u0219i \u00een func\u021bie de evolu\u021bia pre\u021burilor interna\u021bionale.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u0103sulea discut\u0103 dou\u0103 scenarii posibile privind profiturile \u00eenregistrate de companiile din sector, f\u0103r\u0103 a exclude posibilitatea unor ajust\u0103ri contabile artificiale la nivel de grup, dar consider\u0103 c\u0103 verificarea respect\u0103rii reglement\u0103rilor revine speciali\u0219tilor din cadrul ANAF.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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De asemenea, acesta apreciaz\u0103 c\u0103 o eventual\u0103 majorare a taxelor pe profiturile record \u00eenregistrate de rafin\u0103rii ar putea avea efecte negative asupra investi\u021biilor, de\u0219i ar fi legitim din partea cet\u0103\u021benilor de r\u00e2nd s\u0103 cear\u0103 acest lucru.<\/p>\n

Interviu cu economistul Christian N\u0103sulea <\/p>\n

Adev\u0103rul: Mar\u021bi, \u00een toate lan\u021burile de benzin\u0103rii, pre\u021bul litrului de motorin\u0103 a crescut iar\u0103\u0219i la peste 10 lei. De ce suntem martorii acestei fluctua\u021bii, \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care deja a intrat \u00een vigoare legea carburan\u021bilor?<\/p>\n

Christian N\u0103sulea: \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, legea prevede \u00een mod expres c\u0103 reducerea accizei nu se aplic\u0103 stocurilor de carburan\u021bi care au fost deja introduse pe pia\u021b\u0103 \u00eenainte de intrarea \u00een vigoare a acestei m\u0103suri. Prin urmare, va dura o perioad\u0103 \u2013 care nu poate fi stabilit\u0103 cu exactitate \u2013 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd aceste stocuri mai vechi, cu acciz\u0103 mai mare, se vor epuiza. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, mecanismul este unul dinamic, deoarece efectul reducerii accizei depinde \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de pre\u021burile la care vor fi achizi\u021bionate viitoarele stocuri de carburan\u021bi. Aceast\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 a fost introdus\u0103 tocmai pentru c\u0103, pe baza datelor anterioare, s-a constatat dep\u0103\u0219irea pragului stabilit \u00een algoritmul Ministerului de Finan\u021be. Acum urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 vedem care va fi impactul practic asupra pre\u021burilor la pomp\u0103, iar \u00een aproximativ dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni s-ar putea s\u0103 asist\u0103m la o nou\u0103 ajustare a accizei \u2013 fie \u00een sensul reducerii, fie al cre\u0219terii \u2013 \u00een func\u021bie de evolu\u021bia pre\u021burilor dup\u0103 ce stocurile cu acciz\u0103 redus\u0103 vor \u00eencepe s\u0103 fie comercializate. Deocamdat\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 nu dispunem de date care s\u0103 ne arate ceea ce ne intereseaz\u0103 cel mai mult, \u0219i anume rezultatul net al interac\u021biunii dintre pre\u021bul petrolului pe pia\u021ba interna\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i pre\u021bul final pe care consumatorii \u00eel vor pl\u0103ti la benzin\u0103riile din Rom\u00e2nia.\u00a0<\/p>\n

De ce litrul de motorin\u0103 a sc\u0103zut la doar 9,99 lei? Legea carburantului, desfiin\u021bat\u0103 de un economist: \u201eO m\u0103sur\u0103 absolut defavorabil\u0103\u201d <\/a><\/p>\n

Deci \u00een fereastra aceasta de dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd vom vedea o alt\u0103 fluctua\u021bie a accizei, exist\u0103 \u0219anse s\u0103 vedem \u0219i sc\u0103deri ale pre\u021bului la combustibil?<\/p>\n

\u00cen mod teoretic, reducerea accizei ar trebui s\u0103 duc\u0103 la o sc\u0103dere a pre\u021burilor la carburan\u021bi, iar acest efect ar trebui s\u0103 devin\u0103 vizibil pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce noile stocuri, cu acciz\u0103 redus\u0103, intr\u0103 pe pia\u021b\u0103. \u00cenainte de a observa \u00eens\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 clar\u0103 de ieftinire, economi\u0219tii doresc s\u0103 determine, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, c\u00e2t timp vor rezista stocurile vechi \u0219i c\u00e2nd va \u00eencepe s\u0103 se manifeste efectul favorabil pentru consumatori. Ulterior, va trebui analizat cu exactitate cu c\u00e2t vor sc\u0103dea pre\u021burile: dac\u0103 \u00eentreaga reducere a accizei se va reflecta \u00een pre\u021bul final sau dac\u0103, din cauza costurilor ridicate de pe pie\u021bele interna\u021bionale, aceast\u0103 sc\u0103dere va fi mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t s-ar a\u0219tepta, exist\u00e2nd chiar posibilitatea ca ieftinirea s\u0103 fie inexistent\u0103, deoarece pre\u021burile interna\u021bionale r\u0103m\u00e2n foarte mari, iar statul rom\u00e2n nu le poate influen\u021ba.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Elefantul din camer\u0103 este dac\u0103 \u00een aceste cre\u0219teri nu vedem cumva \u0219i tentative ale companiilor de a cre\u0219te marjele de profit.<\/p>\n

Mai bine evit\u0103m s\u0103 facem noi contabilitatea unor companii al c\u0103ror model de business nu \u00eel cunoa\u0219tem \u00een detaliu, deoarece acestea au cheltuieli variate \u2013 salarii, utilit\u0103\u021bi, chirii \u2013 care trebuie luate \u00een calcul. Nu este corect s\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103m s\u0103 stabilim noi pre\u021bul la care ar trebui s\u0103 v\u00e2nd\u0103, pentru c\u0103 ar \u00eensemna ca ele s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u00een pierdere \u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i pl\u0103teasc\u0103 angaja\u021bii din fonduri proprii.<\/p>\n

Zvonurile cu privire la o eventual\u0103 specul\u0103 au fost alimentate \u00een aceste zile de veniturile pe care le-a declarat Rompetrol Rafin\u0103rie. Vedem \u00een semestrul 1 din 2026 un profit net de 40,4 milioane de dolari, semnificativ mai mare dec\u00e2t cel din semestrul 1 2025, c\u00e2nd au fost pe pierdere net\u0103 de 53 de milioane de dolari. Prin urmare, c\u00e2t de mult din aceast\u0103 cre\u0219tere poate veni pe fondul scumpirii carburan\u021bilor?\u00a0<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 scenarii posibile pe care le putem analiza. Unul dintre ele este ca marjele mari de profit ale companiilor integrate \u2013 care au at\u00e2t rafin\u0103rie, c\u00e2t \u0219i re\u021bea de distribu\u021bie \u2013 s\u0103 fie mutate, \u00een mod artificial, din sectorul de distribu\u021bie c\u0103tre cel de rafinare \u0219i produc\u021bie, pentru a ocoli constr\u00e2ngerile impuse de stat \u00een privin\u021ba adaosului comercial. Este \u00eens\u0103 dificil de confirmat dac\u0103 aceasta este \u00eentr-adev\u0103r situa\u021bia real\u0103, iar eu cred c\u0103, \u00een cazul \u00een care un astfel de comportament ar fi identificat, autorit\u0103\u021bile ar interveni. Mai ales c\u0103 statul rom\u00e2n are o vizibilitate foarte bun\u0103 asupra opera\u021biunilor acestor companii, ceea ce face ca eventualele abateri s\u0103 fie greu de ascuns. Prin urmare, aceast\u0103 posibilitate exist\u0103, dar nu este nici sigur\u0103, nici u\u0219or de dovedit.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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\u00cenainte s\u0103 trecem la a doua posibilitate. Acest gen de ajustare contravine reglement\u0103rilor pe care le are Rom\u00e2nia \u00een prezent?\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nu pot s\u0103 v\u0103 ofer un r\u0103spuns cert la aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare, deoarece este o problem\u0103 care trebuie analizat\u0103 de speciali\u0219ti \u2013 juri\u0219ti, avoca\u021bi, inspectori ANAF \u0219i contabili \u2013 \u0219i nu de mine. Este posibil ca limitarea marjei de profit s\u0103 nu fie \u00eenc\u0103lcat\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, nu se poate exclude ca unele dintre marile companii s\u0103 \u00eencerce s\u0103 compenseze eventualele pierderi din partea de distribu\u021bie prin cre\u0219terea marjei \u00een sectorul de produc\u021bie, mai ales c\u0103, \u00een contabilitatea produc\u021biei, acciza nu reprezint\u0103 un factor relevant. Nu doresc s\u0103 fac acuza\u021bii, dar nici s\u0103 exclud posibilitatea unor scheme de optimizare a profiturilor la nivel de grup. Aceasta este o prim\u0103 variant\u0103.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 \u0219i un al doilea scenariu, care este cel pu\u021bin la fel de important. \u00cen contextul actual, \u00een care pre\u021burile carburan\u021bilor pe pia\u021ba interna\u021bional\u0103 sunt foarte ridicate, iar oferta este limitat\u0103, este perfect normal ca o companie activ\u0103 \u00een acest domeniu s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 marje de profit mai mari, conform oric\u0103rei teorii economice care explic\u0103 func\u021bionarea pie\u021belor \u00een condi\u021bii de deficit.<\/p>\n

\u00cen perioada urm\u0103toare, cine ar trebui s\u0103 vegheze asupra comportamentului companiilor?<\/p>\n

Nu consider, \u00een niciun caz, c\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 intervin\u0103 Consiliul Concuren\u021bei, mai ales c\u0103 aceast\u0103 institu\u021bie s-a comportat extrem de slab \u00een multe dintre ac\u021biunile sale recente. \u00cen schimb, cred c\u0103 ne putem baza pe speciali\u0219tii din cadrul Direc\u021biei Generale a Marilor Contribuabili din ANAF, care sunt cei care monitorizeaz\u0103 calculul \u0219i plata impozitului pe profit \u0219i, implicit, marjele comerciale. Din c\u00e2te \u0219tiu eu, ace\u0219tia au acces \u0219i o vizibilitate suficient de bun\u0103 pentru a vedea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een \u00eentregul lan\u021b de distribu\u021bie, asigur\u00e2ndu-se astfel c\u0103 sunt respectate prevederile legale ale schemei concepute de Ministerul Finan\u021belor, de care apar\u021bine at\u00e2t ANAF, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00eentreaga administra\u021bie fiscal\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Motorina se scumpe\u0219te din nou, la doar dou\u0103 zile dup\u0103 reducerea accizei. Pre\u021bul a trecut de 10 lei pe litru <\/a><\/p>\n

Nu ar putea statul s\u0103 profite acum de profiturile-record \u00eenregistrate de rafin\u0103rii, major\u00e2ndu-le taxele sau impozitele, iar banii astfel ob\u021binu\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eei foloseasc\u0103 pentru a finan\u021ba m\u0103suri care s\u0103 reduc\u0103 pre\u021bul carburan\u021bilor pl\u0103tit de consumatorul final?\u00a0<\/p>\n

Este legitim ca cet\u0103\u021benii de r\u00e2nd s\u0103 cear\u0103 astfel de m\u0103suri, deoarece este firesc s\u0103 ne a\u0219tept\u0103m ca povara fiscal\u0103 s\u0103 cad\u0103 acum mai mult asupra companiilor. Cu toate acestea, problema pregnant\u0103 este c\u0103 economia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 se confrunt\u0103 deja cu rezultate \u00eengrijor\u0103toare: investi\u021biile str\u0103ine directe sunt \u00een sc\u0103dere, iar rata de cre\u0219tere economic\u0103 estimat\u0103 este \u00een jur de zero. Prin urmare, o astfel de m\u0103sur\u0103 ne-ar putea provoca alte prejudicii, mai ales c\u0103 exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 o risip\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 care poate fi redus\u0103 pentru a echilibra bugetul \u0219i pentru a g\u0103si solu\u021bii care s\u0103 stimuleze consumul, at\u00e2t pentru persoane fizice, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru firme, prin pre\u021buri mai mici.<\/p>\n

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Cum s-au modificat pre\u021burile motorinei \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 zi <\/p>\n

Mar\u021bi, cel mai mic pre\u021b dintre sta\u021biile monitorizate era de 10,14 lei\/litru, la Petrom \u0219i SOCAR, iar cel mai mare este de 10,35 lei\/litru, la Lukoil. \u00centre cele dou\u0103 niveluri s-a \u00eenregistrat o diferen\u021b\u0103 de 21 de bani pe litru.<\/p>\n

Petrom: de la 9,99 lei\/l, luni, la 10,14 lei\/l, mar\u021bi: +15 bani\/litru.<\/p>\n

SOCAR: de la 9,99 lei\/l la 10,14 lei\/l: +15 bani\/litru.<\/p>\n

OMV: de la 10,05 lei\/l la 10,20 lei\/l: +15 bani\/litru.<\/p>\n

MOL: de la 10,05 lei\/l la 10,20 lei\/l: +15 bani\/litru.<\/p>\n

Rompetrol: de la 10,05 lei\/l la 10,20 lei\/l: +15 bani\/litru.<\/p>\n

Lukoil: 10,35 lei\/l at\u00e2t luni, c\u00e2t \u0219i mar\u021bi: f\u0103r\u0103 modificare.<\/p>\n

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