{"id":268707,"date":"2026-08-19T18:49:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T18:49:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/268707\/"},"modified":"2026-08-19T18:49:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T18:49:12","slug":"razboiul-cerealelor-din-marea-neagra-ameninta-sa-lase-milioane-de-oameni-fara-hrana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/268707\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u0103zboiul cerealelor din Marea Neagr\u0103 amenin\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 lase milioane de oameni f\u0103r\u0103 hran\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Atacurile Moscovei \u0219i Kievului asupra exporturilor agricole reciproce ar putea duce la o criz\u0103 mondial\u0103 a cerealelor.<\/p>\n

\"Nave <\/p>\n

Nave cu cereale \u00een Ucraina FOTO: Adev\u0103rul <\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

R\u0103zboiul Rusiei \u00een Ucraina a intrat \u00eentr-o nou\u0103 faz\u0103 de escaladare, cu efecte de propagare periculoase care se extind mult dincolo de Europa. Unul dintre cele mai presante riscuri este o criz\u0103 global\u0103 a aprovizion\u0103rii cu cereale, rezultat\u0103 dintr-o nou\u0103 serie de atacuri ruse\u0219ti \u0219i ucrainene asupra exporturilor agricole ale celeilalte p\u0103r\u021bi, arat\u0103 o analiz\u0103 Financial Times.<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00cen aceast\u0103 etap\u0103 a conflictului, Ucraina a stabilizat \u00een mare parte linia de lupt\u0103 de 1.250 km \u0219i-a extins atacurile la distan\u021b\u0103. Dar, din iulie, Kievul se concentreaz\u0103 pe un nou set de \u021binte: navele ruse\u0219ti care export\u0103 produse agricole prin Marea Neagr\u0103<\/a>, precum \u0219i infrastructura feroviar\u0103 \u0219i portuar\u0103 de sprijin din Marea Azov. S\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na trecut\u0103, Ucraina a atacat toate cele trei terminale de cereale din portul Novorossiisk, care transport\u0103 peste 40% din exporturile de cereale ruse\u0219ti. Autorit\u0103\u021bile au suspendat exporturile p\u00e2n\u0103 la finalizarea repara\u021biilor.<\/p>\n

\u0218i Rusia \u0219i-a intensificat atacurile cu rachete \u00eempotriva porturilor ucrainene de la Marea Neagr\u0103 \u0219i chiar a scufundat mai multe nave destinate celui mai mare port din Odesa. Drept urmare, exporturile agricole ale ambelor \u021b\u0103ri risc\u0103 s\u0103 fie reduse semnificativ sau chiar oprite complet.<\/p>\n

Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere importan\u021ba at\u00e2t a Rusiei, c\u00e2t \u0219i a Ucrainei pentru pie\u021bele alimentare globale, acest lucru este profund \u00eengrijor\u0103tor. S\u0103 lu\u0103m, de exemplu, gr\u00e2ul. Moscova \u0219i Kievul controleaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 27% din exporturile globale, cea mai mare parte a acestora fiind transportat\u0103 prin Marea Neagr\u0103. Rusia \u0219i Ucraina sunt principalii furnizori pentru multe \u021b\u0103ri din Orientul Mijlociu \u0219i Africa de Nord.<\/p>\n

Acest sezon a fost deja extrem de dificil pentru produc\u0103torii de gr\u00e2u: pre\u021burile la combustibili \u0219i \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte au crescut din cauza r\u0103zboiului din Golf, \u00een timp ce valurile de c\u0103ldur\u0103 recurente au afectat produc\u021bia european\u0103 \u0219i american\u0103. Pre\u021burile gr\u00e2ului sunt cu peste 25% mai mari dec\u00e2t \u00een \u200b\u200b2025 \u0219i continu\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103. ONU prognozeaz\u0103 c\u0103 aproximativ 50 de milioane de oameni vor fi \u00eempin\u0219i \u00eentr-o insecuritate alimentar\u0103 acut\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul acestui an, doar din cauza factorilor climatici. Dac\u0103 gr\u00e2ul rusesc \u0219i ucrainean nu ajunge pe pia\u021b\u0103, acest lucru ar putea \u00eensemna c\u0103 o criz\u0103 \u0219i mai mare a securit\u0103\u021bii alimentare este la orizont.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

De\u0219i efectele valurilor de c\u0103ldur\u0103 nu pot fi abordate rapid, perturbarea logisticii alimentare din Marea Neagr\u0103 ar putea fi abordat\u0103. La \u00eenceputul r\u0103zboiului din Ucraina, mai multe p\u0103r\u021bi interesate au presat Moscova s\u0103 \u00eencheie un acord privind cerealele cu Kievul, care a permis libera trecere a cerealelor ucrainene. Chiar \u0219i dup\u0103 ce acordul a fost \u00een cele din urm\u0103 abandonat, Rusia \u0219i Ucraina nu au \u00eentreprins un efort sistematic de a interzice exporturile agricole – p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 var\u0103.<\/p>\n

Un acord ar fi de dorit <\/p>\n

Comunitatea interna\u021bional\u0103 ar trebui acum s\u0103 fac\u0103 presiuni asupra ambelor p\u0103r\u021bi pentru a restabili acest acord. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, avantajele militare ale acestor atacuri sunt marginale, \u00een timp ce dezavantajele poten\u021biale sunt imense pentru o serie de \u021b\u0103ri din \u00eentreaga lume.<\/p>\n

Nivelul de suferin\u021b\u0103 pe care Rusia \u0219i Ucraina \u0219i-l provoac\u0103 reciproc<\/a> prin atacurile asupra exporturilor agricole nu este suficient de critic pentru ca niciuna dintre ele s\u0103 solicite pace. Kremlinul a \u00eencasat 41 de miliarde de dolari din exporturile agricole \u00een 2025 – mai pu\u021bin de 10% din veniturile totale din exporturi. Pentru Ucraina, pe de alt\u0103 parte, exporturile agricole reprezint\u0103 aproape jum\u0103tate din veniturile sale, iar capacitatea sa de a redirec\u021biona \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura de cereale c\u0103tre porturile de pe Dun\u0103re este limitat\u0103 \u00een acest an din cauza valului de c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i a nivelului sc\u0103zut al apei. Dar, \u00eentruc\u00e2t Kievul este foarte sigur c\u0103 va primi o alt\u0103 gur\u0103 de oxigen financiar\u0103 din Europa, interdic\u021bia Kremlinului privind transportul de cereale nu va priva Ucraina de capacitatea sa de a pl\u0103ti pentru ap\u0103rare.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 o serie de \u021b\u0103ri cu un interes direct \u00een restabilirea exporturilor de alimente ruse\u0219ti \u0219i ucrainene. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, exist\u0103 cele din Orientul Mijlociu \u0219i Africa – Egipt, Turcia, Arabia Saudit\u0103 \u0219i Emiratele Arabe Unite, de exemplu – care ar fi cel mai grav afectate de o criz\u0103 a cerealelor \u0219i au numeroase canale c\u0103tre \u0219i influen\u021b\u0103 asupra Moscovei \u0219i Kievului. Apoi, exist\u0103 gigan\u021bi asiatici precum China \u0219i India, care sunt mari cump\u0103r\u0103tori de petrol rusesc, fiind \u00een acela\u0219i timp dependen\u021bi de exporturile de alimente ruse\u0219ti \u0219i ucrainene. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, exist\u0103 Europa, care nu dore\u0219te s\u0103 vad\u0103 un flux crescut de migran\u021bi ca urmare a unei poten\u021biale crize alimentare. Exist\u0103, de asemenea, SUA – \u00een 2022, Washingtonul a jucat un rol esen\u021bial \u00een orchestrarea acordului privind cerealele de la Marea Neagr\u0103.<\/p>\n

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