{"id":272930,"date":"2026-08-23T12:33:09","date_gmt":"2026-08-23T12:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/272930\/"},"modified":"2026-08-23T12:33:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T12:33:09","slug":"tatuajele-romanilor-din-urma-cu-125-de-ani-studiul-fascinant-al-lui-nicolae-minovici-despre-semnele-de-pe-pielea-oamenilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/272930\/","title":{"rendered":"Tatuajele rom\u00e2nilor din urm\u0103 cu 125 de ani. Studiul fascinant al lui Nicolae Minovici despre semnele de pe pielea oamenilor"},"content":{"rendered":"

\nCu
\nmai bine de un secol \u00eenainte ca tatuajul s\u0103 devin\u0103 o form\u0103 de
\nexpresie personal\u0103, un obiect de mod\u0103 sau un semn al apartenen\u021bei
\nla o comunitate, un medic rom\u00e2n \u00eencerca s\u0103 descifreze pove\u0219tile
\nascunse sub pielea oamenilor.<\/p>\n

\"Imagini <\/p>\n

Imagini cu tatuaje din cartea medicului Nicolae Minovici <\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\nPentru
\nNicolae Minovici, tatuajul nu era doar un desen permanent. Putea fi
\nun indiciu despre identitatea unui om, despre meseria lui, despre
\nmediul \u00een care tr\u0103ia, despre iubirile \u0219i amintirile sale \u0219i,
\nuneori, despre lumea infrac\u021bional\u0103 din care f\u0103cea parte.<\/p>\n

\n\u00cen
\n1898, medicul legist<\/a> publica la Bucure\u0219ti \u201eTatuajurile \u00een
\nRom\u00e2nia\u201c, o lucrare care avea s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 una dintre cercet\u0103rile
\nsale de referin\u021b\u0103. Biblioteca Academiei Rom\u00e2ne o \u00eenregistreaz\u0103
\ndrept \u201eTez\u0103 pentru doctorat \u00een Medicin\u0103 \u0219i chirurgie\u201c,
\nprezentat\u0103 \u0219i sus\u021binut\u0103 la 16 iunie 1898 de N.S. Minovici, \u0219eful
\nServiciului anthropometric
\n\u0219i asistent pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 catedra de medicin\u0103 legal\u0103 a Facult\u0103\u021bii
\nde Medicin\u0103 din Bucure\u0219ti. Edi\u021bia avea 146 de pagini, ilustra\u021bii
\n\u0219i 58 de plan\u0219e.<\/p>\n

\nIdeea
\ncercet\u0103rii se n\u0103scuse \u00een timpul activit\u0103\u021bii sale la Serviciul
\nAnthropometric. La luarea semnalmentelor de\u021binu\u021bilor, medicul
\nobserva mereu acelea\u0219i semne de pe corp, pe care p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci nu
\nexista o metod\u0103 sistematic\u0103 de a le interpreta. \u201e\u00cen timpul de
\nc\u00e2nd m\u0103 g\u0103sesc ca \u0219ef al Serviciului Anthropometrie din
\nBucuresci, adesea aten\u021biunea ne-a fost atras\u0103 la luarea
\nsemnalmentelor de\u0163inu\u0163ilor, de tatuajurile pe cari ei le presentau
\npe corp\u201c,
\nscria Minovici.<\/p>\n

\"Medicul <\/p>\n

Medicul Minovici al\u0103turi de colegi \u00een sala de experimente <\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\nNu
\nera o preocupare izolat\u0103 de ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpla \u00een medicina
\neuropean\u0103. Minovici cuno\u0219tea cercet\u0103rile lui Alexandre Lacassagne
\ndin Lyon, Cesare Lombroso din Italia, Baer \u0219i Leppmann din Berlin \u0219i
\nBergh din Copenhaga. Mai mult, colec\u021bia sa de tatuaje fusese
\nprezentat\u0103 de celebrul patolog Rudolf Virchow Societ\u0103\u021bii
\nAntropologice din Berlin, \u00een august 1897. Minovici avea, prin
\nurmare, un material propriu de cercetare, dar \u0219i con\u0219tiin\u021ba c\u0103
\nsubiectul era deja o preocupare important\u0103 pentru medicina \u0219i
\nantropologia european\u0103.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u00cen
\nlucrarea sa, Nicolae Minovici amintea \u0219i un precedent rom\u00e2nesc.
\nProfesorul Kalenderu \u00eencercase \u00eenc\u0103 din anii 1864-1865 s\u0103
\nstudieze tatuajul din perspectiva identific\u0103rii persoanelor \u0219i
\nstr\u00e2nsese o colec\u021bie, pe care o d\u0103ruise ulterior medicului Lorin,
\n\u0219ef al Spitalului Saint-Antoine din Paris. Colec\u021bia r\u0103m\u0103sese \u00eens\u0103
\nnepublicat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"\u201eTatuajurile <\/p>\n

\u201eTatuajurile \u00een Rom\u00e2nia\u201c, lucrarea de doctorat a medicului Minovici <\/p>\n

\nCeea
\nce a f\u0103cut Minovici a fost s\u0103 transforme observa\u021biile disparate
\n\u00eentr-un veritabil studiu. A adunat sute de exemple \u0219i a \u00eencercat
\ns\u0103 le clasifice dup\u0103 form\u0103, locul de pe corp, semnifica\u021bie \u0219i
\ncategoria social\u0103 a persoanei tatuate. \u00cen materialul s\u0103u apar
\npeste 300 de modele provenite de la 116 persoane. Tatuajul devenea
\nastfel un obiect de observa\u021bie medical\u0103, antropologic\u0103 \u0219i
\nsocial\u0103.<\/p>\n

F\u0103r\u0103
\ndiscriminare <\/p>\n

\nLa
\nsf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea, asocierea tatuajului cu delincven\u021ba
\nera puternic\u0103. Minovici consemna \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 fenomenul se extinsese
\nmult dincolo de lumea criminal\u0103: \u201eTatuajul care p\u00e2n\u0103 mai deun\u0103zi
\nforma un apanaj al criminalilor \u00eel g\u0103sim azi r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit la un mare
\nnum\u0103r de clase de jos ale societ\u0103\u021bei, ca: militari, meseria\u015fi,
\nmarinari, prostituate etc. precum \u015fi la cei din clasele superioare.
\n(…) La criminali g\u0103sim
\nadesea pe frunte tatuaje reprezentate prin c\u00e2te-o cruce, stea,
\ncomet\u0103, un p\u0103ianjen sau inscrip\u021bii ca Martir al libert\u0103\u021bii, pe
\nobraz au adesea un joc de dame sau de domino\u201c. Pentru medic,
\naceast\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire nu diminua valoarea tatuajului ca semn de
\nidentificare. Dimpotriv\u0103. Un desen permanent putea r\u0103m\u00e2ne pe
\ncorpul unei persoane atunci c\u00e2nd alte semne disp\u0103reau.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul
\nunui cadavru necunoscut sau al unei exhum\u0103ri judiciare, el putea
\ndeveni un indiciu important. \u201eTatuajul e un semn de identitate
\nindividual pre\u021bios, a-l c\u0103uta, fie la vii fie la cadavre, fie \u00een
\ncas de desgropare juridic\u0103. El poate chiar s\u0103 ne dea, dup\u0103 natur\u0103
\n\u0219i locul unde se g\u0103sesce, no\u021biuni importante \u0219i c\u00e2teodat\u0103
\ndecisive asupra condi\u021biunilor sociale, v\u00e2rsta, sexul,
\nna\u021bionalitatea, gustul \u015fi mai ales profesiunea, actual\u0103 sau
\nanterioar\u0103 a persoanelor tatuate.\u201c<\/p>\n

\"Imagini <\/p>\n

Imagini cu tatuaje din cartea medicului Nicolae Minovici <\/p>\n

Un proxenet \u0219i-a obligat victima, o copil\u0103, s\u0103-\u0219i tatueze pe corp pseudonimul lui. Individul a fost arestat \u0219i pentru alte fapte similare <\/a><\/p>\n

\nAceast\u0103
\nidee este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru \u00een\u021belegerea lucr\u0103rii. Minovici nu
\ninventaria doar desene. \u00cencerca s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 omul prin desenul de
\npe piele. Un tatuaj putea indica profesia: \u00een cercetarea lui apar
\nsimboluri asociate unor meseria\u0219i, marinari sau militari. Altele
\nindicau apartenen\u021ba militar\u0103 ori p\u0103strau \u00eensemne patriotice \u0219i
\nreligioase. Unele reprezentau persoane iubite, personaje, animale sau
\nobiecte, iar inscrip\u021biile puteau p\u0103stra nume, jur\u0103minte, amintiri
\nsau mesaje. \u00cen cazul militarilor, de pild\u0103, tatuajul putea deveni
\nun fel de biografie condensat\u0103. O emblem\u0103 sau un simbol putea
\nsugera arma ori mediul profesional al celui tatuat. \u00cen alte cazuri,
\ndesenul vorbea despre locul de unde venise omul sau despre perioada
\n\u00een care fusese soldat. Tocmai aceste elemente \u00eel interesau pe medic
\npentru identificarea unei persoane.<\/p>\n

O
\naluni\u021b\u0103 pe obraz <\/p>\n

\nExistau
\n\u0219i tatuajele sentimentale. Nicolae Minovici a \u00eent\u00e2lnit
\nreprezent\u0103ri ale unor femei, so\u021bii, amante, balerine, actri\u021be sau
\nechilibriste. Uneori ap\u0103rea chipul unui copil. \u00cen spatele desenului
\nputea exista o poveste intim\u0103, iar medicul observa c\u0103 astfel de
\n\u201eembleme amoroase\u201c erau relativ rare \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: \u201eeu am g\u0103sit
\ndoar trei\u201c.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\nBine\u00een\u0163eles,
\nel nu ignora nici diferen\u021bele dintre sexe. \u00cen perioada respectiv\u0103,
\ntatuajul era predominant masculin, \u00eens\u0103 exista \u0219i \u00een r\u00e2ndul
\nfemeilor, mai ales \u00een anumite medii sociale. Minovici observa c\u0103
\ntatuajele feminine cu scop ornamental puteau fi mai fine dec\u00e2t cele
\nale b\u0103rba\u021bilor. \u00cen cazul prostituatelor, el consemna \u00eens\u0103
\nexisten\u021ba mai multor tipuri de semne, inclusiv aluni\u021be artificiale,
\nfolosite ca elemente de \u00eenfrumuse\u021bare: \u201eToate prostituatele arabe
\nau tatuate cruci sau flori pe obraji sau bra\u021be. Maurele au \u00een zona
\nmamar\u0103, la comisurele vulvei sau pe pleoape asemenea tatuaje.
\nTatuajele prezente la prostituatele de la noi constau mai mult din
\naluni\u021bele ce \u0219i le fac mai ales pe obraz \u0219i mai cu seam\u0103
\n\u021big\u0103ncile ca s\u0103 fie mai frumoase. Aceste aluni\u021be, r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite pe
\nfa\u021b\u0103, sunt \u00een num\u0103r variat. Astfel, vestita prostituat\u0103 \u0219i
\nrecidivist\u0103 A.M. avea dou\u0103 aluni\u021be pe obraz, iar o alt\u0103
\nprostituat\u0103 devenit\u0103 servitoare la ospiciul M\u0103rcu\u021ba are dou\u0103
\naluni\u021be pe obraz \u0219i una \u00eentre spr\u00e2ncene\u201c.<\/p>\n

\"Imagini <\/p>\n

Imagini cu tatuaje din cartea medicului Nicolae Minovici <\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\nCercetarea
\nsa cobora \u0219i mai ad\u00e2nc \u00een istoria \u0219i practica tatuajului.
\nMinovici era interesat de felul \u00een care era realizat desenul, de
\nsubstan\u021bele folosite pentru colorare, de instrumentele \u0219i metodele
\nde tatuare, de urmele l\u0103sate pe piele \u0219i de posibilitatea
\n\u00eendep\u0103rt\u0103rii tatuajelor. Chiar termenii care apar \u00een indexul
\nedi\u021biei din 1898 \u2013 \u201e\u00een\u021bep\u0103tur\u0103\u201c, \u201eincisiuni\u201c,
\n\u201ecerneal\u0103 de China\u201c, \u201emateria colorant\u0103\u201c, \u201eprocede\u016d de
\ntatuaj\u201c sau \u201eopera\u021biunea\u201c \u2013 arat\u0103 c\u00e2t de concret\u0103 era
\ncercetarea sa.<\/p>\n

\nDar,
\npentru Minovici, tatuajul nu era doar un fenomen tehnic. El \u00eel
\nprivea \u0219i ca pe o form\u0103 de exprimare. Desenele puteau vorbi despre
\ncredin\u021be, profesie, dragoste, r\u0103zbunare, gusturi sau despre lumea
\nmoral\u0103 a celui care le purta. \u00cen cazul delincven\u021bilor, el \u00eencerca
\ns\u0103 identifice anumite tipare: \u201eAstfel, \u00een cazul delicven\u021bilor,
\ntatuajul e caracterizat prin num\u0103r, prin generalizare, prin locul
\nce-l ocup\u0103 \u0219i prin misticitatea, obscenitatea desenurilor. Oricum
\nar fi \u00eens\u0103, aceste desenuri ale lor ne d\u0103 o no\u0163iune pre\u021bioas\u0103
\nasupra naturei ideilor morale a tatua\u0163ilor, g\u00e2ndirea lor ordinar\u0103,
\nimagini care le sunt scumpe, suvenirurile lor intime \u0219i chiar
\nproectele lor de r\u0103sbunare formate \u00eentr’un mod cinic\u201c.<\/p>\n

Teodosie, noi declara\u021bii controversate. Spune c\u0103 tatuajul este o \u201eschimonosire\u201d. Ce crede despre cerceii femeilor <\/a>\"Imagini <\/p>\n

Imagini cu tatuaje din cartea medicului Nicolae Minovici <\/p>\n

\nMinovici
\nmergea p\u00e2n\u0103 la a p\u0103stra tatuajele desprinse de pe trupurile
\ncadavrelor pe care le cerceta. Potrivit Muzeului Municipiului
\nBucure\u0219ti, aceste piese au fost conservate \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u0219i ast\u0103zi
\n\u00een patrimoniul Institutului Na\u021bional de Medicin\u0103 Legal\u0103 \u201eMina
\nMinovici<\/a>\u201c. Astfel, ceea ce pentru omul tatuat fusese c\u00e2ndva un
\nsemn personal devenea, dup\u0103 moarte, document medico-legal \u0219i pies\u0103
\nde colec\u021bie.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

\u201eTatuajurile \u00een Rom\u00e2nia\u201c r\u0103m\u00e2ne, dup\u0103 mai bine
\nde 125 de ani, o carte neobi\u0219nuit\u0103. Este simultan document medical,
\nstudiu antropologic, inventar de simboluri \u0219i fotografie a
\nsociet\u0103\u021bii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti de la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea. \u00cen
\ncele peste o sut\u0103 de pagini ale sale, Nicolae Minovici a \u00eencercat
\ns\u0103 afle cine erau oamenii care \u00ee\u0219i \u00eensemnau trupurile \u0219i de ce o
\nf\u0103ceau.<\/p>\n

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