{"id":289950,"date":"2026-09-06T12:11:14","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T12:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/289950\/"},"modified":"2026-09-06T12:11:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-06T12:11:14","slug":"masinile-de-lux-pe-care-romanii-de-rand-nu-aveau-voie-sa-le-conduca-bolizii-secreti-ai-comunismului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ro\/289950\/","title":{"rendered":"Ma\u0219inile de lux pe care rom\u00e2nii de r\u00e2nd nu aveau voie s\u0103 le conduc\u0103. Bolizii secre\u021bi ai comunismului"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia comunist\u0103 a existat o poveste secret\u0103 a automobilismului rom\u00e2nesc. \u00cen timp ce popula\u021bia avea acces la c\u00e2teva modele de serie, de obicei modeste ca performan\u021b\u0103, \u00een ateliere \u0219i uzine erau concepute modele fanteziste, bolizi rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti la cererea lui Ceau\u0219escu.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"masina <\/p>\n

Dacia 2000 Foto: C&A Photography @2013-2015 \/ Gabriel Auras<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Automobilele produse \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u00een perioada comunist\u0103 au cunoscut dou\u0103 etape principale. Anii \u201970, c\u00e2nd erau produse cu piese importante \u0219i respect\u00e2nd standardele impuse de licen\u021bele cump\u0103rate de Rom\u00e2nia de la mari produc\u0103tori europeni, precum Renault. \u0218i anii \u201980, c\u00e2nd industria automobilistic\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 a produs ma\u0219ini de foarte proast\u0103 calitate, un co\u0219mar pentru \u0219oferi. <\/p>\n

Mai ales atunci c\u00e2nd regimul a impus dictatura \u201eeconomiei de economisire\u201d \u0219i asimilarea complet\u0103 a pieselor \u00een \u021bar\u0103, calitatea s-a pr\u0103bu\u0219it. S-a interzis importul de componente. Directiva a fost ca totul s\u0103 fie produs \u00een \u021bar\u0103 (\u201easimilare intern\u0103\u201d). Tabla folosit\u0103 a devenit extrem de proast\u0103 \u0219i ruginea \u00een doar 2-3 ani. Componentele electrice, garniturile de cauciuc \u0219i plasticele erau de o calitate inferioar\u0103. \u0218i astea sunt doar c\u00e2teva exemple.<\/p>\n

Dincolo de ceea ce puteau rom\u00e2nii s\u0103 cumpere, chiar \u0219i dup\u0103 ani de a\u0219teptare, exista o component\u0103 secret\u0103 sau inaccesibil\u0103 rom\u00e2nului de r\u00e2nd a industriei auto rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. F\u0103r\u0103 ca \u201epoporul muncitor\u201d s\u0103 \u0219tie (poate se afla la nivel de zvon, de la cei care lucrau \u00een fabricile de autoturisme), erau concepute \u0219i chiar produse modele de autoturisme rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti foarte performante, destinate exportului, sau prototipuri futuriste, care nu au mai fost realizate \u00een serie, concepute doar pentru elita de partid. \u0218i aici vorbim de autoturisme modificate, cu mul\u021bi cai putere \u0219i interioare de lux.<\/p>\n

Bolidul comunist de export, care a ajuns direct \u00een garajul lui Ceau\u0219escu <\/p>\n

Dacia a fost, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, un brand automobilistic al Rom\u00e2niei comuniste. Prima Dacie a fost modelul 1100. Cele mai cunoscute rom\u00e2nilor sunt \u00eens\u0103 modelele Dacia 1300 \u0219i Dacia 1310.<\/p>\n

Dacia 1300 a fost un autoturism conceput pentru familie, produs la uzina de la Mioveni, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 23 august 1969, dar sub licen\u021b\u0103 Renault. Practic, era un derivat din modelul Renault 12. Indicativul \u201e1300\u201d reprezint\u0103 capacitatea cilindric\u0103 a motorului de 1.300 cm\u00b3, care dezvolta \u00een jur de 54 de cai putere.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Modelul original a fost fabricat p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1984, fiind urmat de gama Dacia 1310. La r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, a fost una dintre cele mai celebre ma\u0219ini din istoria Rom\u00e2niei. A fost produs\u0103 tot la faimoasa uzin\u0103 de la Mioveni, \u00eentre 1979 \u0219i 2004. Ea a ap\u0103rut ca o evolu\u021bie a modelului Dacia 1300.<\/p>\n

\u00cen total, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Dacia 1300, s-au fabricat peste 2,2 milioane de unit\u0103\u021bi. Ultima berlin\u0103 a ie\u0219it de pe band\u0103 pe 21 iulie 2004, l\u0103s\u00e2nd locul modelului Dacia Logan.<\/p>\n

Dacia 1310 a fost g\u00e2ndit\u0103 s\u0103 acopere toate nevoile rom\u00e2nilor din perioada comunist\u0103, av\u00e2nd diverse forme, de la clasica berlin\u0103 cu patru u\u0219i la modelul break sau cunoscutul pick-up rom\u00e2nesc, Dacia \u201ePapuc\u201d. Acestea erau, \u00een general, cele mai accesibile modele de Dacia pentru rom\u00e2nul de r\u00e2nd \u00een perioada comunist\u0103.<\/p>\n

Au existat \u00eens\u0103, departe de ochii curio\u0219i ai rom\u00e2nului socialist, \u0219i diferite prototipuri sau modele exclusiviste, de export. Unul dintre bolizii inaccesibili rom\u00e2nului de r\u00e2nd \u00een perioada comunist\u0103 (nici dac\u0103 m\u00e2nca doar p\u00e2ine cu magiun pentru a str\u00e2nge banii necesari) a fost Dacia 1310 TS, un model n\u0103scut din orgoliul zg\u00e2nd\u0103rit al lui Ceau\u0219escu, c\u0103 occidentalii aveau ma\u0219ini mai puternice ca rom\u00e2nii.<\/p>\n

Pe scurt, dictatorul rom\u00e2n \u0219i-a dorit un bolid, o Dacie care \u201es\u0103 fug\u0103\u201d tare \u0219i s\u0103 impresioneze pe pie\u021bele externe. A\u0219a s-a n\u0103scut, \u00een anul 1980, Dacia 1310 TS, unul dintre cele mai rare modele de Dacia.<\/p>\n

A fost produs\u0103, evident, la Mioveni, dar cu piese premium, majoritatea importate, \u0219i cu o aten\u021bie sporit\u0103. A fost, practic, o Dacia 1310 modificat\u0103 la partea mecanic\u0103 \u0219i electric\u0103 \u0219i cu linii mai fine \u0219i mai elegante la nivel de caroserie.<\/p>\n

\"642d0a33 <\/p>\n

Foto: sovietautor.fr<\/p>\n

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A fost echipat\u0103 cu un motor de Renault 12 Gordini, care, \u00een mod standard, dezvolta 125 de cai putere. Inginerii rom\u00e2ni l-au modificat \u0219i l-au adus la 150 de cai putere. Un adev\u0103rat bolid pentru acele vremuri.<\/p>\n

Interiorul ma\u0219inii era de poveste. Scaunele erau tapi\u021bate cu vinilin maro, bordul cu inser\u021bii de lemn, sistem de r\u0103cire\/aerisire performant, radio cu dou\u0103 difuzoare, centuri retractabile \u0219i tetiere la scaune. \u00cen plus, ceva excep\u021bional pentru ma\u0219inile din blocul comunist, Dacia 1310 TS avea priz\u0103 \u00een portbagaj, dar \u0219i fr\u00e2n\u0103 asistat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Era o ma\u0219in\u0103 destinat\u0103 exclusiv exportului. Mai ales c\u0103 Dacia era deja v\u00e2ndut\u0103 \u00een numeroase \u021b\u0103ri de pe continentul african \u0219i sud-american, ba chiar \u0219i \u00een Japonia sau Marea Britanie.<\/p>\n

Dacia 1310 TS a fost prezentat\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 la T\u00e2rgul Interna\u021bional de la Bucure\u0219ti din 1980. Rom\u00e2nii, c\u00e2\u021bi au apucat s\u0103 o vad\u0103, au r\u0103mas doar cu privitul. Nici m\u0103car oamenii partidului nu s-au putut bucura de un asemenea bolid.<\/p>\n

Ce spun americanii despre Dacia 1300: \u201eO ma\u0219in\u0103 comunist\u0103, dar foarte confortabil\u0103 \u0219i fiabil\u0103\u201d <\/a><\/p>\n

Dacia 1310 TS a fost destinat\u0103 exclusiv exportului. Singurul rom\u00e2n care a avut totu\u0219i un exemplar a fost Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu. Prima ma\u0219in\u0103 ie\u0219it\u0103 de pe band\u0103 a ajuns \u00een garajul dictatorului. A fost cea mai puternic\u0103 Dacie rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, fructul automobilistic interzis rom\u00e2nilor.<\/p>\n

Dacia pe care rom\u00e2nii o vedeau doar printre garduri \u0219i securi\u0219ti <\/p>\n

Un alt model auto din anii \u201980, produs \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, dar interzis rom\u00e2nului de r\u00e2nd, era Dacia 2000. De aceast\u0103 dat\u0103, nu era un model destinat doar exportului. Se puteau bucura de el \u0219i nomenclaturi\u0219tii. Dar vorbim de oamenii la nivel \u00eenalt, nu doar turn\u0103torii de r\u00e2nd sau directorii de fabrici din provincie.<\/p>\n

Dacia 2000 a fost, \u00een concluzie, un model de lux, exclusivist, produs \u00een serie foarte limitat\u0103 doar \u00eentre 1979 \u0219i 1982. O Dacie 2000 aveau doar Ceau\u0219escu <\/a>\u0219i membrii Comitetului Central, plus al\u021bi c\u00e2\u021biva \u201etovar\u0103\u0219i\u201d influen\u021bi. Restul r\u0103m\u00e2neau cu privitul, printre securi\u0219ti, garduri sau c\u00e2nd le mai prindeau prin trafic.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Dar ce era at\u00e2t de special la acest model? \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, era o adaptare (mult spus adaptare) dup\u0103 un Renault 20 TS adus pe buc\u0103\u021bi din Fran\u021ba \u0219i asamblat la uzina Mioveni.<\/p>\n

Evident, ca \u0219i la modelul 1310 TS, mecanicii \u0219i inginerii nu au f\u0103cut rabat. Dac\u0103 la popula\u021bie erau v\u00e2ndute ma\u0219ini f\u0103cute de m\u00e2ntuial\u0103, pentru elita partidului comunist toat\u0103 lumea se \u00eentrecea pe sine.<\/p>\n

A\u0219a se face c\u0103 Dacia 2000 era o ma\u0219in\u0103 impresionant\u0103 pentru acele vremuri. Avea o caroserie hatchback cu 5 u\u0219i (patru portiere pentru pasageri \u0219i cea pentru portbagaj), trac\u021biune pe ro\u021bile din fa\u021b\u0103, cutie automat\u0103 cu trei trepte de vitez\u0103 \u0219i un motor pe benzin\u0103, cu patru cilindri \u00een linie, de 2.200 de centimetri cubi, care dezvolta o putere de 115 cai putere la 5.500 de rota\u021bii pe minut.<\/p>\n

Interiorul era science-fiction pentru rom\u00e2nii din perioada comunist\u0103. Avea geamuri electrice, scrumier\u0103 cu iluminare, aer condi\u021bionat, sistem audio, computer de bord \u0219i direc\u021bie asistat\u0103. Existau doar dou\u0103 modele de culoare: alb \u0219i albastru \u00eenchis.<\/p>\n

Proiectele automobilistice secrete ale Rom\u00e2niei comuniste <\/p>\n

Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 aceste modele care au fost p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 comercializate (fie \u0219i doar pentru export sau pentru elita comunist\u0103), au existat c\u00e2teva proiecte automobilistice secrete. Practic, \u00een uzinele \u0219i atelierele Rom\u00e2niei comuniste se proiectau ma\u0219ini de lux \u0219i bolizi fantastici, care ar fi trebuit s\u0103 fie produ\u0219i sub brandul Dacia.<\/p>\n

\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, este vorba despre misteriosul model Dacia 1300 Diplomat. Despre ea exist\u0103 pu\u021bine documente \u0219i se spune c\u0103 a fost produs\u0103 \u00een doar dou\u0103 exemplare. Nu se \u0219tie ce s-a ales de ele.<\/p>\n

Practic, era vorba despre o Dacie 1300 modificat\u0103 dup\u0103 limuzinele germane de tip Pullman. Acest model avea \u0219ase u\u0219i \u0219i opt locuri \u0219i era, evident, o ma\u0219in\u0103 pentru misiuni diplomatice, primirea oaspe\u021bilor str\u0103ini sau pentru plimb\u0103rile oficialilor partidului.<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Dacia Diplomat a fost conceput\u0103 ca proiect \u00een 1979, la comanda Comitetului Central al Partidului Comunist. Avea un interior de lux pe care \u0219i ast\u0103zi oricine \u0219i l-ar dori. Mai precis, scaune \u0219i banchete tapi\u021bate cu piele maro, sistem audio de lux, pentru acele vremuri, aer condi\u021bionat \u0219i alte dot\u0103ri de top.<\/p>\n

Se spune c\u0103, din punct de vedere al motoriz\u0103rii, ar fi fost dotat\u0103 cu un motor de Ford, cu patru cilindri, montat longitudinal, dar cu trac\u021biune pe ro\u021bile din spate. Este foarte probabil s\u0103 fi fost \u0219i blindat\u0103, cel pu\u021bin la nivel de parbriz \u0219i geamuri.<\/p>\n

Modelul de autoturism care a inspirat producerea primei ma\u0219ini rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. Rom\u00e2nii au copiat unu la unu un automobil ieftin din Occident <\/a><\/p>\n

Se spune c\u0103 un exemplar ar fi fost oferit lui Ceau\u0219escu, iar al doilea unui pre\u0219edinte african venit \u00een vizit\u0103. Pe scurt, Dacia 1300 Diplomat ar fi fost prima \u0219i singura limuzin\u0103 produs\u0103 vreodat\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n

Tot la capitolul proiecte avant-garde rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti, dar de data aceasta mai pu\u021bin secrete (\u00een sensul c\u0103 a fost prezentat oficial), poate fi \u00eencadrat\u0103 \u0219i Dacia 1310 M, primul model hibrid rom\u00e2nesc.<\/p>\n

A fost conceput \u00een 1979 \u0219i a fost lansat la Expozi\u021bia Realiz\u0103rilor Economiei Na\u021bionale. Practic, era o Dacia 1310<\/a> dotat\u0103 cu un motor considerat revolu\u021bionar la vremea aceea, conceput pentru a face economie la carburant.<\/p>\n

Practic, avea un motor pe benzin\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 unul pentru metanol. Cele dou\u0103 tipuri de combustibil se amestecau \u00een carburatorul modificat, cu o pomp\u0103 electric\u0103. Motorul avea o capacitate standard pentru o Dacia 1310, adic\u0103 1.289 de centimetri cubi.<\/p>\n

P\u0103rea ceva cu adev\u0103rat revolu\u021bionar, mai ales c\u0103 era conceput\u0103 s\u0103 consume mai mult metanol (era mult mai ieftin ca benzina).<\/p>\n

publicitate”); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat;”><\/p>\n

Au \u00eenceput \u00eens\u0103 problemele. Metanolul este un alcool extrem de agresiv cu materialele din care erau f\u0103cute ma\u0219inile atunci. Acesta ataca rapid garniturile de cauciuc, conductele de plastic \u0219i componentele din aluminiu sau zinc ale carburatorului \u0219i motorului, distrug\u00e2ndu-le \u00eentr-un timp scurt.<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, arderea metanolului \u00eentr-un motor care nu fusese proiectat de la zero pentru acest tip de combustibil producea o uzur\u0103 intern\u0103 accelerat\u0103 \u0219i afecta ungerea corect\u0103 a cilindrilor. Nu mai vorbim de faptul c\u0103 era toxic pentru om.<\/p>\n

A\u0219a c\u0103 acest model nu a ajuns niciodat\u0103 \u00een produc\u021bia de mas\u0103.<\/p>\n

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