{"id":58346,"date":"2026-04-14T19:13:29","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T19:13:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/58346\/"},"modified":"2026-04-14T19:13:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T19:13:29","slug":"kako-vesoljsko-plovilo-orion-prenese-temperature-2700-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/58346\/","title":{"rendered":"kako vesoljsko plovilo Orion prenese temperature 2700 \u00b0C"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" data-lb-desktop=\"\/media\/2026\/04\/14\/822387\/Orig-2026-04-12T155434Z_1675908504_RC2PMKA7UTER_RTRMADP_5_SPACE-MOON-ARTEMIS-1200.webp\" data-lb-mobile=\"\/media\/2026\/04\/14\/822387\/Orig-2026-04-12T155434Z_1675908504_RC2PMKA7UTER_RTRMADP_5_SPACE-MOON-ARTEMIS-600.webp\" class=\"main-gallery-image se_image_lb\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Wide-2026-04-12T155434Z_1675908504_RC2PMKA7UTER_RTRMADP_5_SPACE-MOON-ARTEMIS-1000.webp.webp\" alt=\"NASA Astronaut Reid Wiseman, Artemis II mission commander, exits the Orion crew module to join the three other crew in a raft, before transiting to the U.S. Navy ship USS John P. Murtha in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California, U.S. April 10, 2026. NASA's Artemis II mission sent four astronauts on a flight around the moon in the Orion space capsule, which splashed down after the ten day journey. U.S. Navy\/Mass Communication Specialist David Rowe\/Handout via REUTERS THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. THIS IMAGE WAS PROCESSED BY REUTERS TO ENHANCE QUALITY, AN UNPROCESSED VERSION HAS BEEN PROVIDED SEPARATELY.\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Ob vrnitvi Orion vstopi v atmosfero s hitrostjo ve\u010d kot 30-kratnika hitrosti zvoka. Foto: Reuters<\/p>\n<p>Bolj vro\u010de od lave: kako vesoljsko plovilo Orion prenese temperature 2700 \u00b0C<\/p>\n<p>Napredni materiali in ablativni toplotni \u0161\u010dit omogo\u010dajo varno vrnitev astronavtov skozi ekstremno vro\u010do atmosfero. Klju\u010dni material Oriona je avcoat \u2013 kompozit iz silicijevih vlaken v epoksi novolak smoli, ki se vbrizga v tiso\u010de celic sataste strukture iz steklenih vlaken in fenola.<\/p>\n<p>Nasa\u00a0je nedavno razkrila, kako je videti vesoljsko plovilo Orion po vrnitvi na Zemljo. Kapsula z imenom Integrity, ki je ob ponovnem vstopu v atmosfero dobila \u00bbopekline\u00ab in sledi ekstremne vro\u010dine, je prispela v pristani\u0161\u010de San Diego. Agencija je proslavila uspe\u0161no pot okoli Lune, potem ko so se \u0161tirje astronavti varno vrnili na Zemljo in zaklju\u010dili prvi polet mimo Lune po ve\u010d kot 50 letih, <a href=\"https:\/\/express.24sata.hr\/top-news\/kako-letjelica-orion-izdrzi-temperaturu-od-2700-degc-dvostruko-vecu-od-lave-32661\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">pi\u0161e Express<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" data-lb-desktop=\"\/media\/2026\/04\/14\/822387\/Orig-2026-04-12T155434Z_1675908504_RC2PMKA7UTER_RTRMADP_5_SPACE-MOON-ARTEMIS-1200.webp\" data-lb-mobile=\"\/media\/2026\/04\/14\/822387\/Orig-2026-04-12T155434Z_1675908504_RC2PMKA7UTER_RTRMADP_5_SPACE-MOON-ARTEMIS-600.webp\" class=\"se_image se_image_lb\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Orig-2026-04-12T155434Z_1675908504_RC2PMKA7UTER_RTRMADP_5_SPACE-MOON-ARTEMIS-1000.webp.webp\" alt=\"NASA Astronaut Reid Wiseman, Artemis II mission commander, exits the Orion crew module to join the three other crew in a raft, before transiting to the U.S. Navy ship USS John P. Murtha in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California, U.S. April 10, 2026. NASA's Artemis II mission sent four astronauts on a flight around the moon in the Orion space capsule, which splashed down after the ten day journey. U.S. Navy\/Mass Communication Specialist David Rowe\/Handout via REUTERS THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. THIS IMAGE WAS PROCESSED BY REUTERS TO ENHANCE QUALITY, AN UNPROCESSED VERSION HAS BEEN PROVIDED SEPARATELY.\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Ob vrnitvi Orion vstopi v atmosfero s hitrostjo ve\u010d kot 30-kratnika hitrosti zvoka. Foto: Reuters<\/p>\n<p>Nasino\u00a0plovilo Orion, osrednji del programa Artemis in vra\u010danja \u010dlove\u0161tva na Luno, predstavlja vrhunec sodobnega in\u017eenirstva. Njegov najzahtevnej\u0161i preizkus pa ni potovanje skozi hladen vakuum vesolja, temve\u010d ognjena vrnitev na Zemljo. Ob vstopu v atmosfero dosega hitrost skoraj 40.000 kilometrov na uro in temperature nad 2700 stopinj Celzija, kar je dvakrat ve\u010d kot temperatura staljene lave (ta zna\u0161a pribli\u017eno od 1050 do 1300 stopinj Celzija). Pre\u017eivetje astronavtov je odvisno od kompleksnega sistema materialov, ki tvorijo njegov toplotni \u0161\u010dit \u2013 najve\u010dji doslej izdelan.<\/p>\n<p>Dedi\u0161\u010dina Apolla v jedru \u0161\u010dita<\/p>\n<p>Glavna komponenta Orionovega pet metrov \u0161irokega toplotnega \u0161\u010dita je material avcoat, modernizirana razli\u010dica ablativnega \u0161\u010dita, ki je varoval tudi astronavte misij Apollo.<\/p>\n<p>Avcoat je kompozit iz silicijevih vlaken in epoksi smole, ki je vbrizgan v satasto strukturo. Njegova klju\u010dna lastnost je ablacija \u2013 material je zasnovan tako, da nadzorovano zgoreva in se lu\u0161\u010di. Ko zunanji sloji izhlapevajo, odvajajo toploto stran od plovila, s \u010dimer ohranjajo notranjost kapsule na varni temperaturi.<\/p>\n<p>    <a class=\"se-card__wrap se-card--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dnevnik.si\/novice\/svet\/misija-artemis-2-astronavti-so-se-vrnili-na-zemljo-2796085\/\" data-upscore-url=\"\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/p>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"se-image se-image--card\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Wide-NASA_Artemis_Moonshot_88713--e52d1-400.webp.webp\" alt=\"In this image from video provided by NASA, the Artemis II Orion capsule uses parachutes to decelerate for splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, on Friday, April 10, 2026. (NASA via AP)\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Spet doma<\/p>\n<p>(FOTO in VIDEO) Misija Artemis II: astronavti so se vrnili na Zemljo<\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<p>Peklenski spust skozi atmosfero<\/p>\n<p>Ob vrnitvi Orion vstopi v atmosfero s hitrostjo ve\u010d kot 30-kratnika hitrosti zvoka (pribli\u017eno 11 kilometrov na sekundo). Ogromna kineti\u010dna energija se zaradi trenja z zrakom pretvori v toploto. Pred plovilom nastane udarni val, ki segreje zrak na pribli\u017eno 10.000 stopinj Celzija \u2013 skoraj dvakrat ve\u010d kot na povr\u0161ju Sonca.<\/p>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" data-lb-desktop=\"\/media\/2026\/04\/14\/822388\/Orig-2026-04-13T191328Z_420079665_RC21NKAMAF6Y_RTRMADP_5_SPACE-MOON-ARTEMIS-1200.webp\" data-lb-mobile=\"\/media\/2026\/04\/14\/822388\/Orig-2026-04-13T191328Z_420079665_RC21NKAMAF6Y_RTRMADP_5_SPACE-MOON-ARTEMIS-600.webp\" class=\"se_image se_image_lb\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Orig-2026-04-13T191328Z_420079665_RC21NKAMAF6Y_RTRMADP_5_SPACE-MOON-ARTEMIS-1000.webp.webp\" alt=\"NASA astronaut Christina Koch hugs the Orion spacecraft in the well deck of the U.S. Navy ship USS John P. Murtha a day after her crew splashed down in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California, U.S. April 11, 2026. NASA\/Bill Ingalls\/Handout via REUTERS THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. MANDATORY CREDIT.   TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Pre\u017eivetje astronavtov je odvisno od toplotnega \u0161\u010dita. Foto: Reuters<\/p>\n<p>Zrak se pri tem spremeni v plazmo, ki obda plovilo in za\u010dasno prekine radijsko komunikacijo z Zemljo. Astronavti so v teh klju\u010dnih minutah popolnoma sami. Kljub ekstremni vro\u010dini avcoat poskrbi, da temperatura na povr\u0161ini \u0161\u010dita ne prese\u017ee pribli\u017eno 2800 stopinj Celzija, notranjost kapsule pa ostane varna.<\/p>\n<p>3D-tkanina za najbolj kriti\u010dne dele<\/p>\n<p>Poleg avcoata Orion uporablja \u0161e napredne materiale na najbolj obremenjenih mestih. Med modulom za posadko in servisnim modulom so kompresijske blazinice, ki morajo prenesti ogromne sile in hkrati delovati kot toplotna za\u0161\u010dita.<\/p>\n<p>Za to je razvit material 3DMAT (3D ve\u010dfunkcijski ablativni toplotni za\u0161\u010ditni sistem), izdelan iz tridimenzionalno tkanih kremen\u010devih vlaken, prepojenih s smolo. V nasprotju s starej\u0161imi\u00a0slojevitimi\u00a0kompoziti\u00a0je veliko bolj odporen proti razslojevanju in mehanskim obremenitvam.<\/p>\n<p>Lekcije iz misije Artemis I<\/p>\n<p>Pot do popolnega toplotnega \u0161\u010dita ni bila brez te\u017eav. Po nepilotirani misiji Artemis I so in\u017eenirji ugotovili, da je \u0161\u010dit erodiral bolj, kot so pri\u010dakovali.\u00a0Razlog je bil tako imenovani\u00a0\u00bbskip\u00ab manever, pri katerem plovilo za\u010dasno odsko\u010di od atmosfere. Zaradi padca tlaka so se plini v porah avcoata raz\u0161irili, kar je povzro\u010dilo lu\u0161\u010denje materiala. \u010ceprav varnost ni bila ogro\u017eena, je Nasa\u00a0problem vzela resno.<\/p>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" data-lb-desktop=\"\/media\/2026\/04\/14\/822389\/Orig-2026-04-13T232701Z_27494820_RC2IGKAUY1II_RTRMADP_5_NASA-MOON-SPACEX-1200.webp\" data-lb-mobile=\"\/media\/2026\/04\/14\/822389\/Orig-2026-04-13T232701Z_27494820_RC2IGKAUY1II_RTRMADP_5_NASA-MOON-SPACEX-600.webp\" class=\"se_image se_image_lb\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Orig-2026-04-13T232701Z_27494820_RC2IGKAUY1II_RTRMADP_5_NASA-MOON-SPACEX-1000.webp.webp\" alt=\"FILE PHOTO: NASA's Artemis II mission to fly by the moon, comprising of the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket with the Orion crew capsule, lifts off from the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, U.S. April 1, 2026. REUTERS\/Steve Nesius\/File Photo\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Izstrelitev rakete s kapsulo Orion pred dnevi. Foto: Reuters<\/p>\n<p>Za misijo Artemis II so tako prilagodili pot vrnitve in se izognili temu manevru. Za prihodnje misije pa razvijajo novo razli\u010dico avcoata, ki ne bo zadr\u017eevala plinov in bo omogo\u010dala \u0161e varnej\u0161e vrnitve.<\/p>\n<p>    <a class=\"se-card__wrap se-card--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dnevnik.si\/novice\/svet\/nov-ruski-zaostanek-v-tekmi-za-luno-2796693\/\" data-upscore-url=\"\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/p>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"se-image se-image--card\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Wide-2026-04-05T220453Z_1234545262_RC2OGKAZRD4V_RTRMADP_5_SPACE-MOON-ARTEMIS-400.webp.webp\" alt=\"FILE PHOTO: The moon during its waxing gibbous phase over Ronda, Spain, after the launch of NASA's Artemis II lunar flyby mission, with the next-generation moon rocket, the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and the Orion crew capsule, April 2, 2026. REUTERS\/Jon Nazca\/File Photo\"\/><\/p>\n<p>vesolje<\/p>\n<p>Tekma velesil: kako Rusija izgublja korak v raziskovanju Lune<\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<p>    <a class=\"se-card__wrap se-card--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dnevnik.si\/novice\/svet\/jared-isaacman-vodja-ameriske-vesoljske-agencije-nasa-2795298\/\" data-upscore-url=\"\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/p>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"se-image se-image--card\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Wide-isaac-400.webp.webp\" alt=\"NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman speaks to the media after the arrival of the Artemis II crew at Kennedy Space Center, FL March 27, 2026. They will launch as soon as April 1 on a 10-day mission to fly around the moon and back. Craig Bailey, FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Portret<\/p>\n<p>Jared Isaacman: vodja ameri\u0161ke vesoljske agencije Nasa<\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ob vrnitvi Orion vstopi v atmosfero s hitrostjo ve\u010d kot 30-kratnika hitrosti zvoka. Foto: Reuters Bolj vro\u010de od&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":58347,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[16638,19350,5003,19355,37,38,64,19353,19351,19356,19354,19349,19352,63],"class_list":{"0":"post-58346","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-astronavti","9":"tag-misija-artemis","10":"tag-nasa","11":"tag-program-apollo","12":"tag-slovene","13":"tag-slovenscina","14":"tag-svet","15":"tag-tehnologija-vesoljskih-plovil","16":"tag-toplotni-scit","17":"tag-vesoljska-kapsula","18":"tag-vesoljska-raziskovanja","19":"tag-vesoljsko-plovilo-orion","20":"tag-vrnitev-na-zemljo","21":"tag-world"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@si\/116404656808791454","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58346"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58346\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/si\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}