{"id":103807,"date":"2026-06-21T12:55:11","date_gmt":"2026-06-21T12:55:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/103807\/"},"modified":"2026-06-21T12:55:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T12:55:11","slug":"ziva-alebo-mrtva-vedci-zistili-ze-schrodingerova-macka-sa-moze-ukryvat-v-ovela-zvlastnejsich-stavoch-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/103807\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017div\u00e1 alebo m\u0155tva? Vedci zistili, \u017ee Schr\u00f6dingerova ma\u010dka sa m\u00f4\u017ee ukr\u00fdva\u0165 v ove\u013ea zvl\u00e1\u0161tnej\u0161\u00edch stavoch | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kvantov\u00e1 fyzika si u\u017e cel\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia dr\u017e\u00ed poves\u0165 jednej z najpodivnej\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed vedy. Pr\u00e1ve z nej poch\u00e1dza aj sl\u00e1vny my\u0161lienkov\u00fd experiment so Schr\u00f6dingerovou ma\u010dkou<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 je pod\u013ea pravidiel kvantovej mechaniky s\u00fa\u010dasne \u017eiv\u00e1 aj m\u0155tva, k\u00fdm sa na \u0148u niekto nepozrie. Hoci skuto\u010dn\u00e9 ma\u010dky vedci do podobn\u00fdch pokusov nezap\u00e1jaj\u00fa, samotn\u00fd princ\u00edp superpoz\u00edcie patr\u00ed medzi z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 stavebn\u00e9 kamene modern\u00fdch kvantov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Teraz pri\u0161li fyzici z Oxfordskej univerzity<\/a> s nov\u00fdm objavom, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee posun\u00fa\u0165 v\u00fdvoj kvantov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov aj na\u0161e ch\u00e1panie reality o \u010fal\u0161\u00ed krok dopredu. Podarilo sa im vytvori\u0165 \u00faplne nov\u00fa rodinu takzvan\u00fdch Schr\u00f6dingerov\u00fdch ma\u010diek, teda kvantov\u00fdch stavov, ktor\u00e9 sa spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa sp\u00f4sobom odporuj\u00facim be\u017enej \u013eudskej intu\u00edcii. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdskumu publikoval prest\u00ed\u017eny vedeck\u00fd \u010dasopis Physical Review X.<\/p>\n

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Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
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\u010co vlastne znamen\u00e1 Schr\u00f6dingerova ma\u010dka?<\/p>\n

Aby cel\u00fd objav d\u00e1val zmysel, treba sa na chv\u00ed\u013eu zastavi\u0165 pri samotnom z\u00e1klade. V klasickom svete m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e1 vec konkr\u00e9tny stav. \u017diarovka svieti alebo nesvieti. Minca ukazuje hlavu alebo znak. V kvantovom svete v\u0161ak \u010dastice z\u00edskaj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 existova\u0165 vo viacer\u00fdch stavoch naraz. Vedci tento jav nazvali superpoz\u00edcia. Pr\u00e1ve na vysvetlenie tejto zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti vytvoril rak\u00fasky fyzik Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger svoj sl\u00e1vny experiment s ma\u010dkou v uzavretej \u0161katuli. Pod\u013ea kvantov\u00fdch pravidiel by ma\u010dka zostala s\u00fa\u010dasne \u017eiv\u00e1 aj m\u0155tva a\u017e do momentu pozorovania.<\/p>\n

\"Vedci\"VedciZdroj: AI, Vosveteit.sk<\/p>\n

V re\u00e1lnych laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch fyzici namiesto ma\u010diek pracuj\u00fa s at\u00f3mami, fot\u00f3nmi alebo vibr\u00e1ciami \u010dast\u00edc. Aj tie v\u0161ak dok\u00e1\u017eu vytvori\u0165 podobn\u00e9 kvantov\u00e9 superpoz\u00edcie. Doteraj\u0161ie kvantov\u00e9 \u201ema\u010dacie stavy\u201c vznikali pomerne zn\u00e1mym sp\u00f4sobom. Vedci spojili dva odli\u0161n\u00e9 kvantov\u00e9 stavy do jednej superpoz\u00edcie. Oxfordsk\u00fd t\u00edm sa v\u0161ak rozhodol \u00eds\u0165 inou cestou.<\/p>\n

Namiesto klasick\u00fdch stavebn\u00fdch blokov pou\u017eil ove\u013ea exotickej\u0161ie kvantov\u00e9 stavy, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e samy osebe vykazuj\u00fa silne neklasick\u00e9 vlastnosti. V\u00fdsledkom sa stala \u00faplne nov\u00e1 skupina kvantov\u00fdch superpoz\u00edci\u00ed. Na experiment posl\u00fa\u017eil jedin\u00fd zachyten\u00fd i\u00f3n. Ide o elektricky nabit\u00fa \u010dasticu uv\u00e4znen\u00fa pomocou elektromagnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed. Tak\u00fdto syst\u00e9m poskytuje vedcom dve r\u00f4zne kvantov\u00e9 zlo\u017eky. Vn\u00fatorn\u00fd stav \u010dastice funguje podobne ako qubit v kvantovom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, zatia\u013e \u010do jej pohyb vytv\u00e1ra takzvan\u00fd kvantov\u00fd harmonick\u00fd oscil\u00e1tor.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
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\n\t\t\t\t\tTieto nov\u00e9 funkcie v Samsung telef\u00f3noch ti pom\u00f4\u017eu ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 s\u00fakromie. Cudz\u00ed \u010dlovek ved\u013ea teba u\u017e len tak neuvid\u00ed, \u010do rob\u00ed\u0161 na mobile <\/p>\n

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Vedci najprv prepojili vn\u00fatorn\u00fd stav i\u00f3nu s r\u00f4znymi mo\u017en\u00fdmi stavmi jeho pohybu. N\u00e1sledne vykonali \u0161peci\u00e1lne kvantov\u00e9 meranie, ktor\u00e9 zanechalo pohyb \u010dastice v presne zvolenej superpoz\u00edcii. Pod\u013ea hlavn\u00e9ho autora \u0161t\u00fadie Sebastiana Sanera priniesol tento pr\u00edstup mimoriadnu flexibilitu.<\/p>\n

\u201eT\u00e1to met\u00f3da n\u00e1m poskytla n\u00e1stroj, pomocou ktor\u00e9ho sme vytvarovali kvantov\u00fa superpoz\u00edciu takmer do \u013eubovo\u013enej podoby,\u201c vysvetlil vedec.<\/p>\n

Experimenty potvrdili existenciu netradi\u010dn\u00fdch kvantov\u00fdch stavov<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci n\u00e1sledne menili parametre experimentu a upravovali ve\u013ekos\u0165, nato\u010denie \u010di vz\u00e1jomn\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165 jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed superpoz\u00edcie. V jednom zariaden\u00ed tak vytvorili cel\u00fd rad netradi\u010dn\u00fdch kvantov\u00fdch stavov. Samotn\u00e9 vytvorenie nov\u00e9ho stavu e\u0161te nesta\u010d\u00ed. Vedci musia overi\u0165, \u010di ide naozaj o kvantov\u00fd jav a nie o oby\u010dajn\u00fa kombin\u00e1ciu klasick\u00fdch stavov.<\/p>\n

Na tento \u00fa\u010del zrekon\u0161truovali takzvan\u00fa Wignerovu funkciu, matematick\u00fd obraz kvantov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zali v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 interferen\u010dn\u00e9 vzory a oblasti ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 ako Wignerova negativita. Pr\u00e1ve tieto charakteristiky patria medzi najspo\u013eahlivej\u0161ie d\u00f4kazy skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho kvantov\u00e9ho<\/a> spr\u00e1vania. In\u00fdmi slovami, experiment nepotvrdil iba vznik nov\u00e9ho stavu. Potvrdil aj jeho v\u00fdrazne neklasick\u00fd charakter.<\/p>\n

\"macka\"\"macka\"Zdroj: Pixabay.com<\/p>\n

Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead m\u00f4\u017ee cel\u00fd experiment p\u00f4sobi\u0165 ako \u010fal\u0161ia akademick\u00e1 hra s exotickou fyzikou. V skuto\u010dnosti v\u0161ak podobn\u00fd v\u00fdskum zohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri v\u00fdvoji bud\u00facich kvantov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00e9 kvantov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de stavaj\u00fa preva\u017ene na qubitoch, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa s dvoma z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi stavmi. Kvantov\u00e9 oscil\u00e1tory v\u0161ak pon\u00fakaj\u00fa ove\u013ea bohat\u0161\u00ed priestor mo\u017enost\u00ed. V jednom syst\u00e9me dok\u00e1\u017eu uchova\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a potenci\u00e1lne zjednodu\u0161ia opravu ch\u00fdb, ktor\u00e1 patr\u00ed medzi najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie probl\u00e9my s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch kvantov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00edskali nov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na sk\u00famanie hranice medzi klasick\u00fdm a kvantov\u00fdm svetom<\/a>. Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to hranica zost\u00e1va jednou z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1had modernej fyziky.<\/p>\n

\u201eMysl\u00edme si, \u017ee sme zatia\u013e iba na za\u010diatku toho, \u010do je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u010di u\u017e z poh\u013eadu praktick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, alebo hlb\u0161ieho pochopenia t\u00fdchto stavov,\u201c uviedol ved\u00faci projektu Raghavendra Srinivas.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 kvantov\u00e9 \u201ema\u010dky\u201c tak zatia\u013e neprines\u00fa revol\u00faciu do dom\u00e1cich po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov ani smartf\u00f3nov. Uk\u00e1zali v\u0161ak, \u017ee kvantov\u00fd svet st\u00e1le ukr\u00fdva prekvapenia a vedci nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby, ako ich vyu\u017ei\u0165 pri budovan\u00ed technol\u00f3gi\u00ed bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Kvantov\u00e1 fyzika si u\u017e cel\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia dr\u017e\u00ed poves\u0165 jednej z najpodivnej\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed vedy. Pr\u00e1ve z nej poch\u00e1dza aj…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":103808,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[32],"tags":[225,12884,34,37,35466,35467,35468,33,29103,43,40,39,42,41,36,38,35],"class_list":["post-103807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-spravy","tag-buducnost","tag-experiment","tag-headlines","tag-hlavne-spravy","tag-kvantove-pocitace","tag-kvantove-stavy","tag-netradicne-kvantove-stavy","tag-news","tag-schrodingerova-macka","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovakia","tag-slovencina","tag-slovensko","tag-spravy","tag-titulky","tag-top-stories"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116788207637068212","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103807","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103807"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103807\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/103808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}