PRAHA – Pohrani\u010dn\u00e1 str\u00e1\u017e v komunistickom \u010ceskoslovensku vznikla pred 75 rokmi, 11. j\u00fala 1951, ke\u010f N\u00e1rodn\u00e9 zhroma\u017edenie prijalo z\u00e1kon o ochrane \u0161t\u00e1tnych hran\u00edc. T\u00fdm odobrilo vznik Pohrani\u010dnej str\u00e1\u017ee s pr\u00e1vomocami vojska aj bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov. Ofici\u00e1lne bolo jej cie\u013eom br\u00e1ni\u0165 sil\u00e1m nepriate\u013esk\u00fdm vo\u010di vtedaj\u0161iemu re\u017eimu, ktor\u00e9 sa pod\u013ea dobovej r\u00e9toriky sna\u017eili prenika\u0165 na \u00fazemie \u010ceskoslovenska. V praxi v\u0161ak bolo hlavnou \u00falohou zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 ob\u010danom v \u00fateku z komunistick\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska. Pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci Pohrani\u010dnej str\u00e1\u017ee pritom nev\u00e1hali pou\u017ei\u0165 zbrane.<\/p>\n
Pohrani\u010dn\u00e1 str\u00e1\u017e, ktor\u00fa zru\u0161ili v roku 1991, za \u010das svojej existencie zabila stovky \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim za\u010dal budova\u0165 \u017eelezn\u00fa oponu<\/p>\n
Po druhej svetovej vojne a osloboden\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska sa za\u010dala rie\u0161i\u0165 ot\u00e1zka ochrany hran\u00edc. Spo\u010diatku ju zabezpe\u010dovali najm\u00e4 jednotky arm\u00e1dy a Zbor n\u00e1rodnej bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n
S postupn\u00fdm upev\u0148ovan\u00edm komunistickej moci sa za\u010dalo uva\u017eova\u0165 o vytvoren\u00ed \u0161pecializovanej zlo\u017eky. Z\u00e1sadn\u00fd zlom nastal po febru\u00e1ri 1948, ke\u010f sa komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim definit\u00edvne chopil moci a za\u010dal budova\u0165 \u017eelezn\u00fa oponu. Od janu\u00e1ra 1949 boli ochranou \u0161t\u00e1tnych hran\u00edc poveren\u00e9 \u00fatvary Pohrani\u010dnej str\u00e1\u017ee Zboru n\u00e1rodnej bezpe\u010dnosti a hranice boli rozdelen\u00e9 na p\u00e1sma.<\/p>\n
Na hraniciach vyr\u00e1stli z\u00e1tarasy a str\u00e1\u017ene ve\u017ee<\/p>\n
Tieto opatrenia v\u0161ak re\u017eimu nesta\u010dili, a preto vznikla Pohrani\u010dn\u00e1 str\u00e1\u017e. Jej organiza\u010dn\u00e9 za\u010dlenenie sa nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t menilo, najdlh\u0161ie v\u0161ak spadala pod ministerstvo vn\u00fatra. Najpr\u00edsnej\u0161ie p\u00f4sobila na \u00faseku hranice so Spolkovou republikou Nemecko a Rak\u00faskom, kde bolo vybudovan\u00e9 oplotenie zn\u00e1me ako \u017eelezn\u00e1 opona.<\/p>\n
Vznikla rozsiahla sie\u0165 z\u00e1tar\u00e1s, sign\u00e1lnych stien, str\u00e1\u017enych ve\u017e\u00ed a pozorovac\u00edch stanov\u00ed\u0161\u0165. Pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci Pohrani\u010dnej str\u00e1\u017ee prech\u00e1dzali intenz\u00edvnym ideologick\u00fdm v\u00fdcvikom a boli pripravovan\u00ed na nekompromisn\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy proti ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kto by sa pok\u00fasil hranicu neleg\u00e1lne prekro\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n
Ne\u017en\u00e1 revol\u00facia v roku 1989 priniesla z\u00e1sadn\u00fa zmenu aj pre Pohrani\u010dn\u00fa str\u00e1\u017e. Po p\u00e1de komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu a otvoren\u00ed hran\u00edc stratila t\u00e1to zlo\u017eka svoj p\u00f4vodn\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Nasledovala postupn\u00e1 demilitariz\u00e1cia a transform\u00e1cia. V roku 1991 bola Pohrani\u010dn\u00e1 str\u00e1\u017e zru\u0161en\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Na \u010deskoslovenskej hranici zomreli stovky civilistov<\/p>\n
Na \u010deskoslovenskej \u010dasti \u017eeleznej opony zomrelo v rokoch 1948 a\u017e 1989 pribli\u017ene 450 civilistov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich bola neozbrojen\u00e1 a zastrelili ich ozbrojen\u00ed pohrani\u010dn\u00edci.<\/p>\n
Pribli\u017ene 350 \u013eud\u00ed bolo zastrelen\u00fdch, zabit\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdm pr\u00fadom alebo zomrelo pri n\u00e1silnom prekon\u00e1van\u00ed z\u00e1tar\u00e1s. \u010eal\u0161\u00ed zahynuli pri nehod\u00e1ch po\u010das \u00fateku. Pri v\u00fdkone slu\u017eby zomrelo celkovo 654 pohrani\u010dn\u00edkov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich zahynula pri nehod\u00e1ch, sp\u00e1chala samovra\u017edu alebo ju zastrelil kolega. Pri prestrelke s ute\u010dencami zomrelo desa\u0165 pohrani\u010dn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"PRAHA – Pohrani\u010dn\u00e1 str\u00e1\u017e v komunistickom \u010ceskoslovensku vznikla pred 75 rokmi, 11. j\u00fala 1951, ke\u010f N\u00e1rodn\u00e9 zhroma\u017edenie prijalo…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":121056,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[16384,13926,33,39340,43,40,42,36,50,49,48,39339],"class_list":["post-121055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-ceskoslovensko","tag-komunizmus","tag-news","tag-pohranicna-straz","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news","tag-zelezna-opona"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116896609255784382","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=121055"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121055\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/121056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=121055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=121055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}