{"id":12185,"date":"2026-03-07T00:52:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-07T00:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/12185\/"},"modified":"2026-03-07T00:52:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-07T00:52:08","slug":"vedci-odhalili-tajomstvo-praveku-zda-sa-ze-ludstvu-chyba-cast-genetickej-informacie-po-predkoch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/12185\/","title":{"rendered":"Vedci odhalili tajomstvo praveku: Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee \u013eudstvu ch\u00fdba \u010das\u0165 genetickej inform\u00e1cie po predkoch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>#Modern\u00ed \u013eudia a\u00a0neandert\u00e1lci maj\u00fa toho ve\u013ea spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho. Aspo\u0148 to tvrdili historick\u00e9 \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 hovorili o\u00a0ich genetickom kr\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy v\u0161ak odha\u013euj\u00fa, \u017ee potomkovia tohto spojenia nes\u00fa zvl\u00e1\u0161tnu genetiku, v\u00a0ktorej ch\u00fdba neandert\u00e1lska DNA. Vedci pri\u0161li s\u00a0prekvapiv\u00fdm vysvetlen\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 ti v\u0161etko objasnia.<\/p>\n<p>Stret \u013eudsk\u00fdch druhov<\/p>\n<p>Ako opisuje port\u00e1l <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/neanderthal-dna-is-missing-from-our-x-chromosome-this-could-be-why\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer nofollow\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Science Alert<\/a>, predkovia dne\u0161n\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed sa vyv\u00edjali najm\u00e4 v\u00a0oblasti Afriky, zatia\u013e \u010do neandert\u00e1lci sa prisp\u00f4sobili \u017eivotu v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe a\u00a0\u00c1zii. Toto ich geografick\u00e9 rozlo\u017eenie v\u0161ak nebolo fin\u00e1lne. Ke\u010f sa modern\u00ed \u013eudia nesk\u00f4r za\u010dali pres\u00fava\u0165 z Afriky na sever, ich cesty sa s neandert\u00e1lcami op\u00e4\u0165 skr\u00ed\u017eili, \u010do nazna\u010duj\u00fa aj archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy. V\u010faka genetick\u00fdm anal\u00fdzam je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee ne\u0161lo len o\u00a0konflikty, ale aj ak\u00e9si \u201emedzidruhov\u00e9 p\u00e1renie\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ve preto dnes mnoho \u013eud\u00ed, najm\u00e4 t\u00fdch s eur\u00f3pskym alebo \u00e1zijsk\u00fdm p\u00f4vodom, nesie v genetickej v\u00fdbave mal\u00e9 percento neandert\u00e1lskej DNA. Zvy\u010dajne ide o nieko\u013eko percent g\u00e9nov, ktor\u00e9 sa po\u010das tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed preniesli do DNA modern\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. Vedci tvrdia, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 z\u00a0t\u00fdchto g\u00e9nov m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 to, ako reaguje tvoj imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m alebo ako zvl\u00e1da\u0161 ur\u010dit\u00e9 choroby.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1hada jedn\u00e9ho chromoz\u00f3mu<\/p>\n<p>Vedci si v\u0161ak u\u017e dlh\u0161ie v\u0161\u00edmali jednu zvl\u00e1\u0161tnos\u0165 \u2013 neandert\u00e1lska DNA sa v \u013eudskom gen\u00f3me nenach\u00e1dza rovnomerne. Na niektor\u00fdch miestach je jej viac, inde takmer v\u00f4bec. Anal\u00fdza odhalila, \u017ee chromoz\u00f3my neandert\u00e1lskeho X maj\u00fa 62 percentn\u00fd nadbytok modern\u00e9ho \u013eudsk\u00e9ho DNA v porovnan\u00ed s in\u00fdmi chromoz\u00f3mami.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2026\/feb\/26\/male-neanderthals-human-females-mating-research-dna-genetics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer nofollow\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Guardian<\/a> p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee \u201ev\u00fdskumn\u00edci sk\u00famali pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 modern\u00e9ho \u013eudsk\u00e9ho DNA zachovan\u00e9ho v troch neandert\u00e1lcoch, a porovnali tento s\u00fabor \u00fadajov s genetick\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi z konkr\u00e9tnych subsaharsk\u00fdch africk\u00fdch popul\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00fdm ch\u00fdba neandert\u00e1lsky p\u00f4vod. Ak by boli tieto dva druhy biologicky nezlu\u010dite\u013en\u00e9, modern\u00e1 \u013eudsk\u00e1 DNA by mala ch\u00fdba\u0165 aj v neandert\u00e1lskych X chromoz\u00f3moch.\u201c <\/p>\n<p>Obraz d\u00e1vnej minulosti<\/p>\n<p>Vedci sa tentoraz pozreli aj opa\u010dn\u00fdm smerom \u2013 sk\u00famali DNA zachovan\u00fa v kostiach neandert\u00e1lcov a porovnali ju s genetick\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi modern\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, pri\u010dom sa zamerali najm\u00e4 na X chromoz\u00f3m. V\u00fdsledok bol prekvapuj\u00faci. K\u00fdm v \u013eudskom X chromoz\u00f3me je neandert\u00e1lskej DNA m\u00e1lo, v neandert\u00e1lskom X chromoz\u00f3me sa na\u0161lo pomerne ve\u013ea genetick\u00fdch st\u00f4p modern\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ide takmer o zrkadlov\u00fd obraz toho, \u010do vid\u00edme v na\u0161ej vlastnej genetike. Vedci preto navrhli pomerne jednoduch\u00e9 vysvetlenie \u2013 je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa kr\u00ed\u017eili neandert\u00e1lski mu\u017ei s modern\u00fdmi \u013eudsk\u00fdmi \u017eenami a nie naopak.<\/p>\n<p>Ako to s\u00favis\u00ed s\u00a0chromoz\u00f3mami?<\/p>\n<p>Aby si tomu lep\u0161ie rozumel, treba vedie\u0165, ako sa ded\u00ed X chromoz\u00f3m. \u017deny maj\u00fa dva X chromoz\u00f3my, zatia\u013e \u010do mu\u017ei maj\u00fa jeden X a jeden Y. V popul\u00e1cii tak v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina X chromoz\u00f3mov poch\u00e1dza od matiek. Ak sa teda \u010dastej\u0161ie sp\u00e1jali neandert\u00e1lski mu\u017ei s modern\u00fdmi \u017eenami, znamenalo by to, \u017ee \u013eudsk\u00e9 X chromoz\u00f3my sa dost\u00e1vali do neandert\u00e1lskych popul\u00e1ci\u00ed \u010dastej\u0161ie ne\u017e naopak.<\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zkou zost\u00e1va, ako tieto stretnutia v skuto\u010dnosti vyzerali. Vedci prizn\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee presn\u00fa odpove\u010f asi nikdy nez\u00edskame. Je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee modern\u00e9 \u017eeny sa ob\u010das dostali do neandert\u00e1lskych skup\u00edn. Rovnako je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lski mu\u017ei sa pohybovali v bl\u00edzkosti \u013eudsk\u00fdch komun\u00edt. Vedci z\u00e1rove\u0148 upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee existuj\u00fa aj alternat\u00edvne vysvetlenia ako to, \u017ee potomstvo \u013eudsk\u00fdch mu\u017eov a neandert\u00e1lskych \u017eien mohlo ma\u0165 men\u0161iu \u0161ancu na pre\u017eitie, \u010do by tie\u017e ovplyvnilo genetick\u00fd obraz dne\u0161nej popul\u00e1cie\u2026<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"fasc-button fasc-size-medium fasc-type-flat\" style=\"background-color: #c72767; color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/hashtag.sk\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Sleduj n\u00e1\u0161 Instagram<\/a><\/p>\n<p>            <script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"#Modern\u00ed \u013eudia a\u00a0neandert\u00e1lci maj\u00fa toho ve\u013ea spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho. Aspo\u0148 to tvrdili historick\u00e9 \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 hovorili o\u00a0ich genetickom kr\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Nov\u00e9&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12186,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[1744,3093,33,5887,43,40,42,36,50,745,49,48],"class_list":{"0":"post-12185","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-dna","9":"tag-minulost","10":"tag-news","11":"tag-objav","12":"tag-sk","13":"tag-slovak","14":"tag-slovencina","15":"tag-spravy","16":"tag-svet","17":"tag-vyskum","18":"tag-world","19":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116185159738992182","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12185"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12185\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}