{"id":128619,"date":"2026-07-20T08:49:07","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T08:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/128619\/"},"modified":"2026-07-20T08:49:07","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T08:49:07","slug":"ako-prezit-bez-jedla-az-5-rokov-odpoved-ukryva-tento-obri-zivocich-z-hlbin-mora-ma-jeden-z-najzvlastnejsich-metabolizmov-vobec-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/128619\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako pre\u017ei\u0165 bez jedla a\u017e 5 rokov? Odpove\u010f ukr\u00fdva tento obr\u00ed \u017eivo\u010d\u00edch z hlb\u00edn mora, m\u00e1 jeden z najzvl\u00e1\u0161tnej\u0161\u00edch metabolizmov v\u00f4bec | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

V hlbin\u00e1ch oce\u00e1nov existuj\u00fa tvory, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa diametr\u00e1lne odli\u0161ne, ne\u017e v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov na povrchu. Obrovsk\u00fd hlbinov\u00fd stejnono\u017eec rodu Bathynomus patr\u00ed medzi najzvl\u00e1\u0161tnej\u0161ie pr\u00edklady. Dok\u00e1\u017ee pre\u017ei\u0165 viac ako p\u00e4\u0165 rokov bez potravy, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 dorast\u00e1 do obrovsk\u00fdch rozmerov.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to kombin\u00e1cia vedcom dlho ned\u00e1vala zmysel, preto\u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu plat\u00ed, \u017ee ve\u013ek\u00e9 telo potrebuje ve\u013ea energie. V hlbokom oce\u00e1ne v\u0161ak potrava neprich\u00e1dza pravidelne. \u017divo\u010d\u00edch tak \u010del\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnemu probl\u00e9mu, ako si udr\u017e\u00ed obrovsk\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165 v prostred\u00ed, kde m\u00f4\u017ee hladova\u0165 cel\u00e9 roky?<\/p>\n

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Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z In\u0161tit\u00fatu oce\u00e1nol\u00f3gie \u010c\u00ednskej akad\u00e9mie vied<\/a> teraz odhalili mechanizmus, ktor\u00fd t\u00fdmto tvorom umo\u017e\u0148uje pre\u017ei\u0165 extr\u00e9mne obdobia nedostatku potravy<\/a>. Ich \u0161t\u00fadia uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee hlbinov\u00e9 stejnono\u017ece pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa kombin\u00e1ciu dvoch hlavn\u00fdch strat\u00e9gi\u00ed, naraz dok\u00e1\u017eu ulo\u017ei\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo potravy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00fdrazne spomalia svoj metabolizmus. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdskumu publikoval prest\u00ed\u017eny vedeck\u00fd \u010dasopis Cell.<\/p>\n

Obrovsk\u00fd \u017eal\u00fadok im sl\u00fa\u017ei ako z\u00e1sob\u00e1re\u0148 energie<\/p>\n

Vedci sk\u00famali dva druhy hlbinov\u00fdch stejnono\u017ecov, Bathynomus jamesi, ktor\u00fd \u017eije pribli\u017ene v h\u013abke 900 metrov, a Bathynomus doederleini, ktor\u00fd ob\u00fdva oblasti okolo 300 metrov pod hladinou. Pomocou genetick\u00fdch anal\u00fdz, sk\u00famania spr\u00e1vania aj detailn\u00e9ho rozboru tela zistili, \u017ee tieto tvory si vytvorili mimoriadne \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob hospod\u00e1renia s energiou.<\/p>\n

Fish Sci vol.92 \u2013 Molecular and immunological characterization of tropomyosin from the deep-sea isopod Bathynomus doederleinihttps:\/\/t.co\/soJDe6n77q<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 \u3010\u516c\u5f0f\u3011\u65e5\u672c\u7532\u6bbb\u985e\u5b66\u4f1a Carcinological Society of Japan (@CarcinologyJPN) July 2, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
\n <\/p>\n

\"vladimir\"vladimir <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tHackeri odhalili z\u00e1kulisie ruskej cenz\u00fary. M\u00e9di\u00e1 mali zataji\u0165 palivov\u00fa kr\u00edzu aj z\u00e1bery z \u00fatoku na Moskvu <\/p>\n

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Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm prekvapen\u00edm bol ich \u017eal\u00fadok. Zaber\u00e1 pribli\u017ene dve tretiny cel\u00e9ho tela, \u010do je v\u00fdrazne viac ako pri pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch druhoch \u017eij\u00facich v plyt\u0161\u00edch vod\u00e1ch. Ke\u010f stejnono\u017eec n\u00e1jde potravu, dok\u00e1\u017ee jej naraz prija\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo. V \u017eal\u00fadku sa n\u00e1sledne nach\u00e1dza hmota podobn\u00e1 hust\u00e9mu bahnu, v ktorej je potrava rozdrven\u00e1 a postupne tr\u00e1ven\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Nejde v\u0161ak o r\u00fdchle spracovanie jedla. Tieto \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy si vytvoria energetick\u00fa z\u00e1sobu, ktor\u00fa potom vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ve\u013emi pomaly po\u010das dlh\u00e9ho obdobia.<\/p>\n

Vedci zistili aj zauj\u00edmav\u00fd rozdiel v zlo\u017een\u00ed mikroorganizmov v tr\u00e1viacom syst\u00e9me. Namiesto ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva be\u017en\u00fdch tr\u00e1viacich bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed obsahuje \u017eal\u00fadok viac mikroorganizmov spojen\u00fdch so skladovan\u00edm tukov. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee stejnono\u017ece si dok\u00e1\u017eu potravu upravi\u0165 tak, aby z nej z\u00edskavali energiu \u010do najdlh\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

Druhou \u010das\u0165ou ich strat\u00e9gie je extr\u00e9mne n\u00edzky baz\u00e1lny metabolizmus. Jednoducho povedan\u00e9, ich telo spotrebuje v pokoji iba minimum energie. Pr\u00e1ve toto spomalenie umo\u017e\u0148uje zviera\u0165u pre\u017ei\u0165 obdobia, ke\u010f sa v okol\u00ed nenach\u00e1dza takmer \u017eiadna potrava. Hoci maj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 telo, spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa energeticky sk\u00f4r ako \u201e\u00fasporn\u00fd re\u017eim\u201c \u017eiv\u00e9ho organizmu.<\/p>\n

Vedci objavili aj \u010fal\u0161iu zvl\u00e1\u0161tnos\u0165 v ich genetickej v\u00fdbave. Rovnakono\u017ece z\u00edskali g\u00e9n s n\u00e1zvom ND1 od symbiotickej bakt\u00e9rie, ktor\u00e1 s nimi v minulosti \u017eila v spolo\u010dnom prostred\u00ed. Tento jav sa naz\u00fdva horizont\u00e1lny prenos g\u00e9nov, teda situ\u00e1cia, ke\u010f organizmus z\u00edska genetick\u00fa inform\u00e1ciu od in\u00e9ho druhu.<\/p>\n

G\u00e9n ND1 s\u00favis\u00ed s fungovan\u00edm mitochondri\u00ed, \u010dast\u00ed buniek, ktor\u00e9 vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa energiu. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci zistili, \u017ee tento g\u00e9n dok\u00e1\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm telo hospod\u00e1ri s energiou.<\/p>\n

G\u00e9n pomohol odhali\u0165 tajomstvo pre\u017eitia<\/p>\n

Aby vedci overili jeho v\u00fdznam, vlo\u017eili g\u00e9n ND1 do buniek \u010dloveka, zebri\u010diek a hl\u00edstovcov. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee pri be\u017enej teplote g\u00e9n zr\u00fdchlil energetick\u00fd metabolizmus. Organizmy v\u0161ak potom hor\u0161ie zn\u00e1\u0161ali hladovanie. V podmienkach podobn\u00fdch studen\u00e9mu hlbok\u00e9mu oce\u00e1nu bol v\u00fdsledok opa\u010dn\u00fd. Aktivita mitochondri\u00ed<\/a> klesla a organizmy z\u00edskali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di nedostatku potravy.<\/p>\n

\"mitochondria\"\"mitochondria\"Zdroj: katerynakon \/ depositphotos.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Pri pokusoch so zebri\u010dkami zv\u00fd\u0161ila t\u00e1to genetick\u00e1 \u00faprava toleranciu vo\u010di hladovaniu pribli\u017ene o 37 percent. Vedci z\u00e1rove\u0148 objavili \u010fal\u0161\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00fd mechanizmus. Rovnakono\u017ece vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa takzvan\u00e9 epigenetick\u00e9 \u00fapravy hist\u00f3nov, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa ako ur\u010dit\u00fd sp\u00f4sob riadenia aktivity g\u00e9nov. V\u010faka nim dok\u00e1\u017eu presne nastavi\u0165, kedy a ako silno sa g\u00e9n ND1 aktivuje.<\/p>\n

\u201eN\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdskum nielen objas\u0148uje z\u00e1hadu extr\u00e9mne dlhej odolnosti vo\u010di hladovaniu u hlbinov\u00fdch rovnakono\u017ecov, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuje, ako \u017eivot dok\u00e1\u017ee vyv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 rast a pre\u017eitie v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podmienkach,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e Yuan Jianbo.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskum obrovsk\u00fdch rovnakono\u017ecov neprin\u00e1\u0161a iba odpove\u010f na ot\u00e1zku, ako dok\u00e1\u017ee zvl\u00e1\u0161tne morsk\u00e9 zviera pre\u017ei\u0165 roky bez potravy. Vedcom pon\u00faka aj poh\u013ead na to, ako sa organizmy prisp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa prostrediu, kde be\u017en\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 \u017eivota neplatia. Kombin\u00e1cia ve\u013ek\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edka energie, extr\u00e9mne pomal\u00e9ho metabolizmu a \u0161peci\u00e1lne upraven\u00fdch g\u00e9nov ukazuje jednu z ciest, ktorou sa evol\u00facia m\u00f4\u017ee vyda\u0165.<\/p>\n

Tieto poznatky m\u00f4\u017eu v bud\u00facnosti pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri v\u00fdskume metabolizmu<\/a>, odolnosti buniek alebo fungovania organizmov v extr\u00e9mnych podmienkach. Zatia\u013e v\u0161ak zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 fascinuj\u00facim pr\u00edkladom toho, ak\u00e9 ne\u010dakan\u00e9 rie\u0161enia dok\u00e1\u017ee pr\u00edroda vytvori\u0165 v najtemnej\u0161\u00edch \u010dastiach oce\u00e1nov.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V hlbin\u00e1ch oce\u00e1nov existuj\u00fa tvory, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa diametr\u00e1lne odli\u0161ne, ne\u017e v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov na povrchu. Obrovsk\u00fd hlbinov\u00fd stejnono\u017eec rodu…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":128620,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[32],"tags":[40930,1580,34,37,40931,20950,8111,33,17704,12734,40932,40933,20975,43,40,39,42,41,36,38,35,40934],"class_list":["post-128619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-spravy","tag-bathynomus-doederleini","tag-energia","tag-headlines","tag-hlavne-spravy","tag-hlbiny","tag-metabolizmus","tag-more","tag-news","tag-ocean","tag-organizmus","tag-patrocna-hladovka","tag-potrava","tag-prezitie","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovakia","tag-slovencina","tag-slovensko","tag-spravy","tag-titulky","tag-top-stories","tag-zivocich"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=128619"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128619\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/128620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=128619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=128619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=128619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}