{"id":12946,"date":"2026-03-07T23:30:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-07T23:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/12946\/"},"modified":"2026-03-07T23:30:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-07T23:30:18","slug":"nad-padom-americkych-stihaciek-visi-mnozstvo-otazok-co-sa-stalo-na-oblohe-nad-kuvajtom-svet-spravy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/12946\/","title":{"rendered":"Nad p\u00e1dom americk\u00fdch st\u00edha\u010diek vis\u00ed mno\u017estvo ot\u00e1zok. \u010co sa stalo na oblohe nad Kuvajtom? – Svet – Spr\u00e1vy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\tAmerick\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky F-15 padaj\u00fa k zemi, zostrelili ich Kuvaj\u0165ania \t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t \t\t\t Video \t<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\tTri americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa v pondelok zr\u00fatili na \u00fazem\u00ed Kuvajtu, omylom zostrelila kuvajtsk\u00e1 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e1 obrana, ozn\u00e1milo \u00dastredn\u00e9 velenie ozbrojen\u00fdch s\u00edl USA (CENTCOM). \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 velite\u013estvo tie\u017e uviedlo, \u017ee stroje boli zostrelen\u00e9 kuvajtskou protivzdu\u0161nou obranou. Kuvajtsk\u00e9 ministerstvo obrany s\u00edce informovalo, \u017ee havarovalo \u201enieko\u013eko americk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch lietadiel\u201c, no neuviedlo, \u017ee by sa na incidente podie\u013eali pr\u00e1ve ich obrann\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

CENTCOM zd\u00f4raznilo, \u017ee pr\u00ed\u010diny udalosti s\u00fa predmetom vy\u0161etrovania a \u010fal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie bud\u00fa zverejnen\u00e9, ke\u010f bud\u00fa dostupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Zriedkav\u00e9 incidenty<\/p>\n

Podrobnej\u0161\u00ed obraz situ\u00e1cie sa pravdepodobne objav\u00ed a\u017e v\u00a0nasleduj\u00facich d\u0148och \u010di t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee posledn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 lietadlo zostrelen\u00e9 pred t\u00fdmto incidentom bolo F\/A\u201118 Super Hornet americk\u00e9ho n\u00e1morn\u00edctva v\u00a0decembri 2024\u00a0nad \u010cerven\u00fdm morom\u00a0\u2014 takisto v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku priate\u013eskej\u00a0pa\u013eby.<\/p>\n

Stroj operoval z\u00a0jadrovej lietadlovej lode USS Harry S. Truman (CVN\u201175), ke\u010f ho kr\u00ed\u017enik USS Gettysburg (CG\u201164) vybaven\u00fd syst\u00e9mom Aegis mylne vyhodnotil ako prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facu raketu h\u00fasijsk\u00fdch s\u00edl a zostrelil\u00a0ho.<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\tP\u00e1d americkej st\u00edha\u010dky F-35 na Alja\u0161ke \t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t \t\t\t Video \t<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\tArch\u00edvne video z janu\u00e1ra 2025. \t\t\t\t\/\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZdroj: X \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9to situ\u00e1cie s\u00fa pomerne zriedkav\u00e9, no napriek tomu sa vyskytuj\u00fa. K\u00a0nede\u013e\u0148aj\u0161iemu incidentu mohlo prispie\u0165 viacero faktorov, ktor\u00e9 viedli k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee tri lietadl\u00e1 boli zasiahnut\u00e9 vlastnou obranou.<\/p>\n

\u201eNemalo by sa to st\u00e1va\u0165, ale v\u00a0praxi sa to st\u00e1va,\u201c vysvetlil plukovn\u00edk John \u201eJV\u201c Venable, b\u00fdval\u00fd pilot americk\u00e9ho letectva a analytik Mitchellovho in\u0161tit\u00fatu pre leteck\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie pre magaz\u00edn Forbes<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea neho mohli zohr\u00e1va\u0165 \u00falohu takzvan\u00e9 \u201ehmla a fikcia vojny\u201c, teda chaos a ne\u00fapln\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie typick\u00e9 pre bojov\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie. Chyby tak mohli vznikn\u00fa\u0165 nielen na zemi, ale aj na strane pilotov. Bojov\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1 v\u0161ak be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e9 ich identifikuj\u00fa ako priate\u013esk\u00e9, pokia\u013e nep\u00f4sobia v\u00a0nepriate\u013eskom vzdu\u0161nom priestore.<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\tMiestni neverili vlastn\u00fdm o\u010diam. Z\u00e1bery usmievavej pilotky po katastrof\u00e1lnom omyle v Kuvajte obleteli svet \t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t \t\t\t Video \t<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\tZ\u00e1bery usmievavej pilotky po katastrof\u00e1lnom omyle obleteli svet. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u201eKe\u010f vst\u00fapite do bojovej z\u00f3ny, vypnete vysiela\u010d,\u201c uviedol Venable s\u00a0odkazom na transpond\u00e9r Mode 3\/C\u00a0\u2014 \u0161tandardn\u00fd, nezabezpe\u010den\u00fd identifika\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd na ur\u010denie priate\u013esk\u00e9ho lietadla a jeho v\u00fd\u0161ky. Tento syst\u00e9m zost\u00e1va zapnut\u00fd vtedy, ke\u010f lietadlo nemus\u00ed operova\u0165 utajene.<\/p>\n

Fence in alebo fence out?<\/p>\n

Jednou z\u00a0k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok je, \u010di boli tri americk\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1 v\u00a0re\u017eime \u201afence in\u2018 (vst\u00fapi\u0165 za plot) alebo \u201afence out\u2018. Fence in znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pos\u00e1dka je pripraven\u00e1 na boj a vstupuje do nepriate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru. Fence out ozna\u010duje situ\u00e1ciu, ke\u010f sa lietadlo vracia z\u00a0misie\u00a0domov.<\/p>\n

Aj v\u00a0pr\u00edpade re\u017eimu fence in by v\u0161ak priate\u013esk\u00e1 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e1 obrana mala by\u0165 schopn\u00e1 lietadl\u00e1 identifikova\u0165. Stroje F\u201115E Strike Eagle s\u00fa toti\u017e vybaven\u00e9 transpond\u00e9rom Mode 4\u00a0\u2014 \u0161ifrovan\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom IFF, ktor\u00fd odli\u0161uje priate\u013esk\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1 od hrozieb. Tento syst\u00e9m funguje na z\u00e1klade synchronizovan\u00fdch kryptografick\u00fdch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov medzi radarom a lietadlom.<\/p>\n

Rovnak\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia bola pou\u017eit\u00e1 aj pri lietadle F\/A\u201118 Super Hornet zostrelenom v\u00a0roku\u00a02024.<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\tTakto vid\u00ed arm\u00e1da USA 100 hod\u00edn oper\u00e1cie ‚Epic Fury‘ \t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t \t\t\t Video \t<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\tAmerick\u00e1 arm\u00e1da zverejnila video rekapitul\u00e1ciu prv\u00fdch sto hod\u00edn oper\u00e1cie Epic Fury, po\u010das ktorej za\u00fato\u010dila na Ir\u00e1n. Video: U.S. Central Command \t\t\t\t\/\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZdroj: Centcom \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

Analytik spolo\u010dnosti GlobalData James Marques upozornil, \u017ee opakovanie podobn\u00fdch incidentov poukazuje na \u0161ir\u0161ie syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. V\u0161etky zapojen\u00e9 syst\u00e9my toti\u017e musia navz\u00e1jom komunikova\u0165, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v\u00a0komplexnom bojovom prostred\u00ed komplikovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea GlobalData disponuje Kuvajt viacer\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami protivzdu\u0161nej obrany, napr\u00edklad americk\u00fdmi Patriot PAC\u20112\/PAC\u20113, star\u0161\u00edm syst\u00e9mom MIM\u201123 Hawk, eur\u00f3pskym Spada 2000\u00a0a kr\u00e1tkodosahovou platformou Skyshield\u00a035.<\/p>\n

Marques vysvetlil, \u017ee incident sa odohral v\u00a0situ\u00e1cii, ke\u010f boli s\u00fa\u010dasne nasaden\u00e9 priate\u013esk\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1 aj pozemn\u00e9 \u010di n\u00e1morn\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, reaguj\u00face na kombinovan\u00fa hrozbu rakiet a dronov. Podobn\u00e9 nehody sa stali aj v\u00a0minulosti\u00a0\u2014 napr\u00edklad po\u010das vojny v\u00a0Iraku v\u00a0roku 2003, ke\u010f boli samostatne zostrelen\u00e9 americk\u00e9 aj britsk\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky syst\u00e9mami Patriot.<\/p>\n

\t\t\"Na<\/a><\/p>\n

\t\t\"Person\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n

Vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch i\u0161lo o\u00a0extr\u00e9mne \u201ehust\u00e9\u201c bojov\u00e9 prostredie, kde musia spolupracova\u0165 leteck\u00e9, pozemn\u00e9 aj n\u00e1morn\u00e9 sily r\u00f4znych kraj\u00edn a z\u00e1rove\u0148 reagova\u0165 na hrozby s\u00a0odli\u0161nou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, ve\u013ekos\u0165ou \u010di profilom.<\/p>\n

Situ\u00e1ciu mohlo e\u0161te viac skomplikova\u0165 mno\u017estvo r\u00e1diovej komunik\u00e1cie, elektronick\u00e9ho ru\u0161enia a r\u00fdchlo sa meniacich pl\u00e1nov.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea Marquesa s\u00fa d\u00e1tov\u00e9 prepojenia, komunika\u010dn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na koordin\u00e1ciu s\u00edl ove\u013ea zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie, ne\u017e by sa mohlo zda\u0165. Priestor na chybu je minim\u00e1lny a na Bl\u00edzkom v\u00fdchode navy\u0161e spolupracuj\u00fa arm\u00e1dy viacer\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov s\u00a0odli\u0161n\u00fdmi postupmi a v\u00fdcvikom, \u010dasto aj pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed rovnak\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1le v\u0161ak nie je jasn\u00e9, ktor\u00fd konkr\u00e9tny syst\u00e9m zasiahol lietadl\u00e1 F-15.\u00a0Kombin\u00e1cia r\u00f4znych technol\u00f3gi\u00ed zvy\u0161uje riziko, \u017ee niektor\u00fd z\u00a0nich nespr\u00e1vne vyhodnot\u00ed\u00a0cie\u013e.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea Marquesa je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee star\u0161\u00ed radar poskytol odli\u0161n\u00e9 identifika\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fadaje ne\u017e nov\u0161\u00ed, alebo \u017ee modern\u00fd syst\u00e9m pracoval s\u00a0chybn\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami zo star\u0161ieho zariadenia.<\/p>\n

Chyby m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 smrte\u013en\u00e9<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou ot\u00e1zkou je smer letu lietadiel\u00a0\u2014 \u010di sa vracali z\u00a0misie alebo naopak smerovali do bojovej oblasti.<\/p>\n

Ak by lietadl\u00e1 pr\u00e1ve odlietali z\u00a0bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho priestoru, pod\u013ea Venablea by bola situ\u00e1cia ve\u013emi problematick\u00e1, preto\u017ee by st\u00fapali od obrann\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a e\u0161te by nevst\u00fapili do nepriate\u013esk\u00e9ho \u00fazemia, kde sa zvy\u010dajne vyp\u00ednaj\u00fa identifika\u010dn\u00e9 vysiela\u010de. V\u00a0takom pr\u00edpade by mali by\u0165 jasne rozpoznan\u00e9 ako priate\u013esk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Niekedy sa v\u0161ak st\u00e1va, \u017ee piloti pri n\u00e1vrate z\u00a0bojovej z\u00f3ny zabudn\u00fa prepn\u00fa\u0165 syst\u00e9m sp\u00e4\u0165 do re\u017eimu fence out a zapn\u00fa\u0165 transpond\u00e9ry. Venable v\u0161ak zd\u00f4raznil, \u017ee pri dvojmiestnom lietadle, ak\u00fdm je F-15E, za t\u00fato \u00falohu zodpoved\u00e1 oper\u00e1tor zbra\u0148ov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov sediaci\u00a0vzadu.<\/p>\n

Preto pova\u017euje za ve\u013emi nepravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by sa tri lietadl\u00e1 vracali na z\u00e1klad\u0148u so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi transpond\u00e9rmi vypnut\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

Aj napriek modern\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k\u00a0tragick\u00fdm omylom. Oper\u00e1cia Epic Fury (Epick\u00e1 z\u00farivos\u0165) je rozsiahla a zap\u00e1ja mno\u017estvo \u0161t\u00e1tov, \u010do zvy\u0161uje komplexnos\u0165 bojov\u00e9ho prostredia.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea Marquesa je pri ve\u013ek\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch priate\u013esk\u00e1 pa\u013eba takmer nevyhnutn\u00fdm d\u00f4sledkom takzvanej \u201ehmly vojny\u201c. Piloti aj obsluha obrann\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov toti\u017e situ\u00e1ciu vn\u00edmaj\u00fa z\u00a0\u00faplne odli\u0161n\u00fdch perspekt\u00edv a \u010dasto sleduj\u00fa rozdielne priority.<\/p>\n

Svoju \u00falohu zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj psychologick\u00e9 faktory\u00a0\u2014 napr\u00edklad pocit bezpe\u010dia pilotov nad priate\u013esk\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm, zatia\u013e \u010do obsluha raketov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov na zemi m\u00f4\u017ee st\u00e1le vn\u00edma\u0165 bezprostredn\u00fa hrozbu.<\/p>\n

Technol\u00f3gia navy\u0161e nie je neomyln\u00e1. Syst\u00e9my IFF, ktor\u00e9 identifikuj\u00fa lietadl\u00e1 v\u00a0elektromagnetickom spektre ako priate\u013esk\u00e9, u\u017e v\u00a0minulosti zlyhali. Niekedy s\u00fa navy\u0161e z\u00e1merne vypnut\u00e9 z\u00a0taktick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov, \u010do u\u017e viedlo k\u00a0tragick\u00fdm incidentom.<\/p>\n

\t \t\t\t\t\t\"Iran\"\/ \t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u010c\u00edtajte viac \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\tTeher\u00e1n hroz\u00ed odvetou. Priprav\u00ed Ir\u00e1n teroristick\u00fd \u00fatok priamo v USA? \t\t\t\t \t\t\t \t\t\t<\/a><\/p>\n

Nakoniec je tu aj \u013eudsk\u00fd faktor. Venable pripustil aj mo\u017enos\u0165 takzvanej \u201evn\u00fatornej hrozby\u201c, teda situ\u00e1cie, ke\u010f by niektor\u00fd z\u00a0oper\u00e1torov protivzdu\u0161nej obrany konal z\u00a0politick\u00fdch alebo ideologick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov.<\/p>\n

\u201eMo\u017enost\u00ed, ako mohlo d\u00f4js\u0165 k\u00a0tak\u00e9muto incidentu, je skuto\u010dne ve\u013ea,\u201c uzavrel Venable pre Forbes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Americk\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky F-15 padaj\u00fa k zemi, zostrelili ich Kuvaj\u0165ania Video Tri americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa v pondelok…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12947,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[6230,4718,921,6568,33,43,40,42,36,6569,50,4909,304,49,48],"class_list":{"0":"post-12946","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-americka-armada","9":"tag-americko-izraelsky-utok-na-iran","10":"tag-iran","11":"tag-kuvajt","12":"tag-news","13":"tag-sk","14":"tag-slovak","15":"tag-slovencina","16":"tag-spravy","17":"tag-stihacka-f-15","18":"tag-svet","19":"tag-teheran","20":"tag-usa","21":"tag-world","22":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116190499504676463","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12946"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12946\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}