{"id":13191,"date":"2026-03-08T09:19:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-08T09:19:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/13191\/"},"modified":"2026-03-08T09:19:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-08T09:19:07","slug":"koniec-plastovemu-odpadu-vedci-predstavili-plast-vyrobeny-z-mlieka-ktory-sa-rozlozi-do-13-tyzdnov-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/13191\/","title":{"rendered":"Koniec plastov\u00e9mu odpadu? Vedci predstavili plast vyroben\u00fd z mlieka, ktor\u00fd sa rozlo\u017e\u00ed do 13 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Plastov\u00e9 obaly dnes n\u00e1jde\u0161 prakticky v\u0161ade. Chr\u00e1nia potraviny, zjednodu\u0161uj\u00fa transport a predl\u017euj\u00fa trvanlivos\u0165. Probl\u00e9m nastane po pou\u017eit\u00ed. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina plastov skon\u010d\u00ed v odpade a v pr\u00edrode vydr\u017e\u00ed desa\u0165ro\u010dia alebo storo\u010dia. Preto vedci sk\u00famaj\u00fa materi\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 zvl\u00e1dnu rovnak\u00fa \u00falohu, no po \u010dase sa rozpadn\u00fa bez dlhodob\u00e9ho zne\u010distenia.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z Flinders University v Austr\u00e1lii predstavili zauj\u00edmav\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta, informuje Science Daily.<\/a> Vytvorili tenk\u00fd film podobn\u00fd plastovej f\u00f3lii z kombin\u00e1cie mlie\u010dneho prote\u00ednu, \u0161krobu a pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho \u00edlu. Pri testoch v p\u00f4de sa materi\u00e1l rozpadol pribli\u017ene za 13 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov.<\/p>\n

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Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

Ak by sa podobn\u00fd materi\u00e1l dostal do v\u00fdroby, mohol by nahradi\u0165 \u010das\u0165 jednorazov\u00fdch plastov\u00fdch obalov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pri balen\u00ed potrav\u00edn.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1vrat k star\u00e9mu n\u00e1padu<\/p>\n

Plasty z mlieka znej\u00fa futuristicky, ale nejde o \u00fapln\u00fa novinku. Na za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia existoval materi\u00e1l naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Galalit, \u010do v preklade znamen\u00e1 \u201emlie\u010dny kame\u0148\u201c. Z tohto materi\u00e1lu vznikali gomb\u00edky, hrebene, ozdoby \u010di \u0161perky. Pou\u017e\u00edvala ho dokonca aj zna\u010dka Coco Chanel.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edci\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edciZdroj: Wikimedia (Tyranny Sue \u2013 CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/a><\/p>\n

Galalit v\u0161ak mal nev\u00fdhodu. Pri v\u00fdrobe sa pou\u017e\u00edval formaldehyd, ktor\u00fd patr\u00ed medzi toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd materi\u00e1l bol pomerne tvrd\u00fd a krehk\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
\n <\/p>\n

\"Tvoje\"Tvoje <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPopul\u00e1rna spravodajsk\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia pre iOS a Android dostala ve\u013ek\u00fa aktualiz\u00e1ciu. Pribudlo mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed\u0161 vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 <\/p>\n

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Nov\u00fd v\u00fdskum ide in\u00fdm smerom. Vedci pou\u017eili kalcium-kazein\u00e1t, teda hlavn\u00fa bielkovinu z mlieka. T\u00fa zmie\u0161ali s upraven\u00fdm \u0161krobom a jemn\u00fdmi \u010dasticami bentonitov\u00e9ho \u00edlu. Do zmesi pridali aj glycerol a polyvinylalkohol, ktor\u00e9 zlep\u0161ili pru\u017enos\u0165 a pevnos\u0165.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkom sa stal tenk\u00fd flexibiln\u00fd film, ktor\u00fd sa spr\u00e1va podobne ako klasick\u00fd plast pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pri balen\u00ed potrav\u00edn.<\/p>\n

\u201eNajprv sme experimentovali s kazein\u00e1tmi pri v\u00fdrobe mlie\u010dnych nanovl\u00e1kien. Postupne sme zistili, \u017ee z nich dok\u00e1\u017eeme vytvori\u0165 polym\u00e9ry podobn\u00e9 be\u017en\u00fdm obalov\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom.\u201c vysvet\u013euje v\u00fdskumn\u00edk z Kolumbie, Nikolay Estiven Gomez Mesa.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do vedci pridali do \u201emlie\u010dneho plastu\u201c jemn\u00fd \u00edl<\/p>\n

Jednou z najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161\u00edch zlo\u017eiek materi\u00e1lu je takzvan\u00fd nanoclay, ve\u013emi jemn\u00fd \u00edl. Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165 zvl\u00e1\u0161tne prid\u00e1va\u0165 \u00edl do obalu na potraviny, no jeho \u00faloha je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u00cdl pom\u00e1ha pri molekul\u00e1ch kysl\u00edka alebo vlhkosti, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017eia prenikn\u00fa\u0165 cez obal. Ak by film tvoril len mlie\u010dny prote\u00edn, molekuly by pre\u0161li pomerne priamo.<\/p>\n

Nanohlina v\u0161ak v materi\u00e1li vytvor\u00ed mikroskopick\u00fd labyrint. Molekuly plynu musia \u010dastice \u00edlu obch\u00e1dza\u0165 a ich cesta sa v\u00fdrazne pred\u013a\u017ei.<\/p>\n

Obal teda lep\u0161ie izoluje potraviny od vzduchu a vlhkosti a m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 udr\u017ea\u0165 ich \u010derstvos\u0165.<\/p>\n

\u201eNanoclay, napr\u00edklad bentonit, dok\u00e1\u017ee zlep\u0161i\u0165 pevnos\u0165 materi\u00e1lu a jeho bari\u00e9rov\u00e9 vlastnosti,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e sa v \u0161t\u00fadii<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Test v p\u00f4de uk\u00e1zal r\u00fdchly rozklad materi\u00e1lu bez \u0161peci\u00e1lneho kompostovania<\/p>\n

Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed test sledoval spr\u00e1vanie materi\u00e1lu v p\u00f4de. Vedci film zakopali do be\u017enej zeminy a sledovali jeho postupn\u00fd rozklad. Materi\u00e1l sa postupne degradoval a v\u00fdskumn\u00edci odhadli \u00fapln\u00fd rozklad pribli\u017ene po 13 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och. To je v\u00fdrazne krat\u0161\u00ed \u010das ne\u017e pri klasick\u00fdch plastoch, ktor\u00e9 v pr\u00edrode pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa desa\u0165ro\u010dia.<\/p>\n

Vedci z\u00e1rove\u0148 testovali aj bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 materi\u00e1lu. Mikrobiologick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee mno\u017estvo bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed zostalo v norm\u00e1lnych hodnot\u00e1ch pre biologicky rozlo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n

\u201eMateri\u00e1l uk\u00e1zal pri testoch s\u013eubn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, no odpor\u00fa\u010dame \u010fal\u0161ie antibakteri\u00e1lne testy v neskor\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1zach v\u00fdvoja,\u201c dod\u00e1va profesor Youhong Tang z Flinders University.<\/p>\n

Dnes je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edm bioplastom PLA, ktor\u00fd sa vyr\u00e1ba z kukurice. \u010casto sa prezentuje ako ekologick\u00e1 alternat\u00edva plastov, no m\u00e1 jednu slabinu.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edci\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edciZdroj: Wikimedia (Cmglee \u2013 CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/a><\/p>\n

V be\u017enej p\u00f4de sa PLA rozklad\u00e1 ve\u013emi pomaly. Potrebuje priemyseln\u00fa kompost\u00e1re\u0148 s vysokou teplotou a kontrolovan\u00fdmi podmienkami.<\/p>\n

Mlie\u010dny film z Flinders University sa pod\u013ea experimentov rozpadol v oby\u010dajnej p\u00f4de, bez \u0161peci\u00e1lneho spracovania. Teoreticky by sa teda rozlo\u017eil aj v z\u00e1hrade alebo na skl\u00e1dke.<\/p>\n

Plastov prib\u00fada ka\u017ed\u00fd rok viac. Jednorazov\u00e9 obaly s\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm zdrojom odpadu<\/p>\n

Produkcia plastov rastie u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia. V roku 1950 sa vyrobili pribli\u017ene 2 mili\u00f3ny ton plastu. Do roku 2022 produkcia st\u00fapla na 475 mili\u00f3nov ton ro\u010dne.<\/p>\n

Organiz\u00e1cia OECD upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee bez z\u00e1sahov m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdroba plastov do roku 2040 nar\u00e1s\u0165 o 70 %. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed podiel pritom tvor\u00ed jednorazov\u00e9 balenie potrav\u00edn.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina jednorazov\u00fdch plastov poch\u00e1dza z potravinov\u00fdch obalov, preto m\u00e1 zmysel h\u013eada\u0165 biologicky rozlo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 alternat\u00edvy,\u201c vysvetlila kolumbijsk\u00e1 v\u00fdskumn\u00ed\u010dka Alis Yovana Pataquiva-Mateus.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd materi\u00e1l zatia\u013e predstavuje v\u00fdskumn\u00fd projekt, nie hotov\u00fd produkt. Ukazuje v\u0161ak jeden smer, ktor\u00fdm sa v\u00fdvoj m\u00f4\u017ee ubera\u0165, plastov\u00e9 obaly, ktor\u00e9 po pou\u017eit\u00ed nezostan\u00fa v pr\u00edrode cel\u00e9 gener\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n


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