\u010cL\u00c1NOK POKRA\u010cUJE POD REKLAMOU<\/p>\n
Bud\u00fa ma\u0165 dne\u0161n\u00ed tridsiatnici a \u0161tyridsiatnici z \u010doho \u017ei\u0165 na d\u00f4chodku? To je ot\u00e1zka, ktor\u00fa si kladie \u010doraz viac ekon\u00f3mov aj odborn\u00edkov na d\u00f4chodkov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Slov\u00e1ci toti\u017e v r\u00e1mci Eur\u00f3py starn\u00fa takmer najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ie. U\u017e dnes \u0161t\u00e1t dopl\u00e1ca na vypl\u00e1canie d\u00f4chodkov miliardy eur a pod\u013ea progn\u00f3z OECD bude situ\u00e1cia v nasleduj\u00facich desa\u0165ro\u010diach e\u0161te n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ia. Po\u010det seniorov v\u00fdrazne narastie, zatia\u013e \u010do \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed bud\u00fa syst\u00e9m financova\u0165 svojimi odvodmi, bude ub\u00fada\u0165.<\/p>\n
Pribudne pol mili\u00f3na nov\u00fdch d\u00f4chodcov<\/p>\n
Slovensko \u010dak\u00e1 jedna z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch demografick\u00fdch zmien v jeho novodobej hist\u00f3rii. Krajina bude ma\u0165 menej \u013eud\u00ed v produkt\u00edvnom veku, no v\u00fdrazne viac seniorov<\/a>. V\u00fdsledok? Na d\u00f4chodky bude prispieva\u0165 \u010doraz menej pracuj\u00facich, zatia\u013e \u010do po\u010det poberate\u013eov penzi\u00ed bude r\u00e1s\u0165.<\/p>\n Vypl\u00fdva to z najnov\u0161ej spr\u00e1vy OECD Economic Survey: Slovak Republic 2026<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 ozna\u010duje starnutie popul\u00e1cie za jednu z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch ekonomick\u00fdch v\u00fdziev Slovenska v nasleduj\u00facich desa\u0165ro\u010diach. Organiz\u00e1cia odhaduje, \u017ee v rokoch 2025 a\u017e 2065 klesne po\u010det obyvate\u013eov vo veku 15 a\u017e 64 rokov takmer o 30 %. V rovnakom obdob\u00ed, naopak, po\u010det \u013eud\u00ed star\u0161\u00edch ako 64 rokov st\u00fapne o 52 %.<\/p>\n Na Slovensku pritom u\u017e dnes \u017eije pribli\u017ene 1,04 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed vo veku 65 rokov a viac. Seniori tak tvoria viac ako 19 % popul\u00e1cie, teda pribli\u017ene ka\u017ed\u00fd piaty obyvate\u013e krajiny je d\u00f4chodca. Ak by sa ich po\u010det zv\u00fd\u0161il o progn\u00f3zovan\u00fdch 52 %, pribudlo by pribli\u017ene 542-tis\u00edc seniorov a celkov\u00fd po\u010det \u013eud\u00ed vo veku 65+ by sa mohol pohybova\u0165 okolo 1,58 mili\u00f3na.<\/p>\n Tieto \u010d\u00edsla nie s\u00fa len demografickou \u0161tatistikou. Znamenaj\u00fa, \u017ee bude ub\u00fada\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed odv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa dane a soci\u00e1lne odvody, zatia\u013e \u010do bude prib\u00fada\u0165 t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed bud\u00fa pobera\u0165 starobn\u00fd d\u00f4chodok. Ak sa v\u00fdrazne nezv\u00fd\u0161i zamestnanos\u0165 alebo produktivita ekonomiky, podiel pracuj\u00facich na celkovej popul\u00e1cii bude \u010falej klesa\u0165. OECD preto upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee Slovensko mus\u00ed reagova\u0165 reformami, inak bude rast\u00faci tlak na verejn\u00e9 financie \u010doraz \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie zvl\u00e1dnute\u013en\u00fd.<\/p>\n Na d\u00f4chodky id\u00fa miliardy eur a bude to e\u0161te viac<\/p>\n D\u00f4sledky starnutia popul\u00e1cie sa prejavuj\u00fa u\u017e dnes. V\u00fddavky na d\u00f4chodky patria pod\u013ea \u0160\u00da SR<\/a> medzi najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie polo\u017eky verejn\u00fdch financi\u00ed a ka\u017edoro\u010dne dosahuj\u00fa pribli\u017ene 12 a\u017e 13 mili\u00e1rd eur. Samotn\u00fd fond starobn\u00e9ho poistenia Soci\u00e1lnej pois\u0165ovne<\/a> skon\u010dil v roku 2025 v deficite takmer 2,94 miliardy eur a \u0161t\u00e1t musel jeho hospod\u00e1renie dorovna\u0165 transferom vo v\u00fd\u0161ke pribli\u017ene 2,37 miliardy eur, aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00f4chodky vypl\u00e1ca\u0165 v plnej v\u00fd\u0161ke.<\/p>\n Pod\u013ea OECD pritom nejde o kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Ak sa nezv\u00fd\u0161i po\u010det ekonomicky akt\u00edvnych \u013eud\u00ed alebo produktivita pr\u00e1ce, Slovensko bude musie\u0165 financova\u0165 d\u00f4chodok s \u010doraz men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom pracuj\u00facich. To m\u00f4\u017ee znamena\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie reformy, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u00f4chodkov\u00fd vek alebo e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed tlak na \u0161t\u00e1tny rozpo\u010det.<\/p>\n Odborn\u00edk varuje: Prv\u00fd pilier na d\u00f4chodok nesta\u010d\u00ed<\/p>\n Demografick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj<\/a> pritom neohrozuje samotn\u00fa existenciu d\u00f4chodkov. Men\u00ed v\u0161ak podmienky, za ktor\u00fdch ich bude \u0161t\u00e1t schopn\u00fd financova\u0165. Ak bude na jedn\u00e9ho seniora pripada\u0165 \u010doraz menej pracuj\u00facich, vl\u00e1dy bud\u00fa musie\u0165 h\u013eada\u0165 rovnov\u00e1hu medzi pr\u00edjmami syst\u00e9mu a sumou, ktor\u00fa vypl\u00e1caj\u00fa penzistom.<\/p>\n Pod\u013ea analytika spolo\u010dnosti ProRate Mareka Nemkyho u\u017e nemo\u017eno hovori\u0165 o gener\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e1 by mala svoj bud\u00faci d\u00f4chodok postaven\u00fd v\u00fdlu\u010dne na prvom pilieri. Mlad\u00ed \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed dnes vstupuj\u00fa na pracovn\u00fd trh, sa automaticky zap\u00e1jaj\u00fa aj do druh\u00e9ho piliera. U\u017e od za\u010diatku pracovn\u00e9ho \u017eivota by preto mali po\u010d\u00edta\u0165 s t\u00fdm, \u017ee ich bud\u00faci pr\u00edjem v penzii sa bude sklada\u0165 z viacer\u00fdch zdrojov.<\/p>\n \u201eAk hovor\u00edme o d\u00f4chodku vypl\u00e1canom v\u00fdlu\u010dne z prv\u00e9ho piliera, tak tak\u00e1to gener\u00e1cia u\u017e v podstate neexistuje. Dnes je toti\u017e vstup do druh\u00e9ho piliera pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed automatick\u00fd, tak\u017ee gener\u00e1cia Z, ktor\u00e1 pr\u00e1ve prich\u00e1dza na trh pr\u00e1ce, by mala od za\u010diatku po\u010d\u00edta\u0165 s d\u00f4chodkom skladaj\u00facim sa z oboch pilierov,\u201c vysvet\u013euje Nemky.<\/p>\n Samotn\u00fd prv\u00fd pilier funguje na priebe\u017enom princ\u00edpe. Odvody s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch pracuj\u00facich neputuj\u00fa na ich osobn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty, ale Soci\u00e1lna pois\u0165ov\u0148a z nich priebe\u017ene financuje dne\u0161n\u00e9 d\u00f4chodky. Syst\u00e9m preto potrebuje dostato\u010dne ve\u013ek\u00fa skupinu ekonomicky akt\u00edvnych \u013eud\u00ed. Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1 sa v\u0161ak bude pod\u013ea progn\u00f3z zmen\u0161ova\u0165.<\/p>\n Syst\u00e9m je dlhodobo neudr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd<\/p>\n \u201eSamotn\u00fd prv\u00fd pilier je v s\u00fa\u010dasnej podobe dlhodobo neudr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd, respekt\u00edve udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd len za cenu troch nepopul\u00e1rnych krokov: postupn\u00e9ho predl\u017eovania veku odchodu do d\u00f4chodku, zni\u017eovania relat\u00edvnej v\u00fd\u0161ky vypl\u00e1can\u00fdch d\u00f4chodkov, pr\u00edpadne nav\u00fd\u0161enia odvodov\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia pracuj\u00facich,\u201c upozor\u0148uje analytik.<\/p>\n Nemky poukazuje aj na zhor\u0161ovanie pomeru medzi pracuj\u00facimi a d\u00f4chodcami. Pod\u013ea \u00fadajov OECD, na ktor\u00e9 sa odvol\u00e1va, dnes pripad\u00e1 na 100 pracuj\u00facich pribli\u017ene 30 d\u00f4chodcov. V nasleduj\u00facich dvoch desa\u0165ro\u010diach by sa tento po\u010det mohol zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 na viac ako 60. Rovnak\u00fd po\u010det pracuj\u00facich by tak musel financova\u0165 pribli\u017ene dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd po\u010det d\u00f4chodcov.<\/p>\n \u201eV praxi to znamen\u00e1 len dve re\u00e1lne cesty: bu\u010f sa odvody pracuj\u00facich musia v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165, v krajnom pr\u00edpade a\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobi\u0165, alebo sa d\u00f4chodky musia re\u00e1lne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 a vek odchodu do d\u00f4chodku sa bude \u010falej pos\u00fava\u0165. In\u00e1 alternat\u00edva prakticky neexistuje,\u201c uzatv\u00e1ra Nemky.<\/p>\n \n \u010c\u00edtaj viac z kateg\u00f3rie: Ekonomika<\/a>\n <\/p>\n \n \u010eakujeme, \u017ee \u010d\u00edta\u0161 Startitup. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee m\u00e1\u0161 postreh alebo si na\u0161iel v \u010dl\u00e1nku chybu, nap\u00ed\u0161 n\u00e1m na redakcia@startitup.sk<\/a>.\n <\/p>\n Zdroje: \u0160\u00daSR<\/a>, Soci\u00e1lna\u00a0pois\u0165ov\u0148a<\/a>, OECD<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u010cL\u00c1NOK POKRA\u010cUJE POD REKLAMOU Bud\u00fa ma\u0165 dne\u0161n\u00ed tridsiatnici a \u0161tyridsiatnici z \u010doho \u017ei\u0165 na d\u00f4chodku? To je ot\u00e1zka,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":132413,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[6],"tags":[41734,24189,695,41735,41736,43,40,44,39,42,45,41],"class_list":["post-132412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-slovensko","tag-ako-usetrit-na-dochodok","tag-ako-vybavit-dochodok","tag-dochodky","tag-odvody-socialna-poistovna","tag-prvy-pilier","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovak-republic","tag-slovakia","tag-slovencina","tag-slovenska-republika","tag-slovensko"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116975358661200099","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=132412"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132412\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/132413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=132412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=132412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}