{"id":140196,"date":"2026-08-02T21:07:21","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T21:07:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/140196\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T21:07:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T21:07:21","slug":"znamy-liek-neucinkuje-iba-v-peceni-vedci-odhalili-rozhodujucu-drahu-v-mozgu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/140196\/","title":{"rendered":"Zn\u00e1my liek ne\u00fa\u010dinkuje iba v pe\u010deni. Vedci odhalili rozhoduj\u00facu dr\u00e1hu v mozgu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010cL\u00c1NOK POKRA\u010cUJE POD REKLAMOU<\/p>\n

Metf*rm\u00edn u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa mili\u00f3ny \u013eud\u00ed s cukrovkou 2. typu<\/a>. Vedci teraz zistili, \u017ee jeho \u00fa\u010dinok sa neobmedzuje iba na pe\u010de\u0148 a \u010drev\u00e1. Liek ovplyv\u0148uje aj konkr\u00e9tnu oblas\u0165 mozgu, ktor\u00e1 riadi hladinu cukru v krvi, chu\u0165 do jedla a energetick\u00fa rovnov\u00e1hu cel\u00e9ho organizmu.<\/p>\n

K tomuto z\u00e1veru dospel t\u00edm veden\u00fd neurobiol\u00f3gom Makotom Fukudom z americkej Baylor College of Medicine. V\u00fdsledky publikoval v odbornom \u010dasopise Science Advances pod n\u00e1zvom Low-dose metfo*min requires brain Rap1 for its antidiabetic action, upozornil na to port\u00e1l Science Alert.<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vedci sa cel\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia s\u00fastredili najm\u00e4 na pe\u010de\u0148<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskum zatia\u013e uskuto\u010dnili na my\u0161iach. Odhalil v\u0161ak dosia\u013e nezn\u00e1my mechanizmus \u00fa\u010dinku jedn\u00e9ho z najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edch liekov proti cukrovke.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Met*orm\u00edn<\/a> vedci prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t syntetizovali v roku 1922 a od polovice 20. storo\u010dia sa \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edva pri lie\u010dbe cukrovky 2. typu. Pom\u00e1ha zni\u017eova\u0165 hladinu gluk\u00f3zy v krvi a zlep\u0161ova\u0165 reakciu organizmu na inzul\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edbeh metfor*\u00ednu neza\u010dal v laborat\u00f3riu, ale v pr\u00edrode. Jeho z\u00e1klad poch\u00e1dza z rastliny galega officinalis, zn\u00e1mej aj ako franc\u00fazsky orgov\u00e1n. U\u017e pred st\u00e1ro\u010diami ju \u013eudia pou\u017e\u00edvali pri pr\u00edznakoch, ktor\u00e9 dnes sp\u00e1jame s cukrovkou \u2013 napr\u00edklad nadmern\u00fdm sm\u00e4dom \u010di \u010dast\u00fdm mo\u010den\u00edm.<\/p>\n

V 20. storo\u010d\u00ed vedci izolovali l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 zni\u017euj\u00fa hladinu cukru v krvi. Po rokoch v\u00fdvoja vznikol metf*rm\u00edn, ktor\u00fd sa za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 koncom 50. rokov vo Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nii. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie potvrdili jeho \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 \u2013 nielen pri zni\u017eovan\u00ed gluk\u00f3zy, ale aj pri zni\u017eovan\u00ed komplik\u00e1ci\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s cukrovkou.<\/p>\n

Presn\u00fd mechanizmus jeho fungovania e\u0161te nie je objasnen\u00fd<\/p>\n

Dlho sa predpokladalo, \u017ee p\u00f4sob\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v pe\u010deni<\/a>, kde obmedzuje tvorbu gluk\u00f3zy. Neskor\u0161ie v\u00fdskumy uk\u00e1zali aj jeho p\u00f4sobenie v \u010drev\u00e1ch. Presn\u00fd mechanizmus \u00fa\u010dinku v\u0161ak napriek desa\u0165ro\u010diam pou\u017e\u00edvania st\u00e1le nie je \u00faplne objasnen\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u0161eobecne sa uzn\u00e1va, \u017ee metfo*m\u00edn zni\u017euje hladinu gluk\u00f3zy v krvi predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm produkcie gluk\u00f3zy v pe\u010deni,\u201c povedal Fukuda pri predstaven\u00ed v\u00fdskumu. Vedci sa preto rozhodli presk\u00fama\u0165 mozog, ktor\u00fd zohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri riaden\u00ed metabolizmu cel\u00e9ho tela.<\/p>\n

\u201eSk\u00famali sme, \u010di a ako mozog prispieva k antidiabetick\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom metfo*m\u00ednu,\u201c vysvetlil Fukuda.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Rozhoduj\u00facu \u00falohu zohral mal\u00fd prote\u00edn<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sa zamerali na prote\u00edn Rap1 nach\u00e1dzaj\u00faci sa vo ventromedi\u00e1lnom jadre hypotalamu, ozna\u010dovanom skratkou VMH. Ide o oblas\u0165 mozgu, ktor\u00e1 sa podie\u013ea na regul\u00e1cii hladiny cukru, telesnej hmotnosti a energetickej rovnov\u00e1hy.<\/p>\n

Fukudovo laborat\u00f3rium u\u017e v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom v\u00fdskume uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee Rap1 vo VMH pom\u00e1ha regulova\u0165 gluk\u00f3zu a energetick\u00fd metabolizmus my\u0161\u00ed. Tentoraz chcel t\u00edm zisti\u0165, \u010di sa t\u00e1to dr\u00e1ha podie\u013ea aj na \u00fa\u010dinku met*orm\u00ednu.<\/p>\n

Vedci pou\u017eili geneticky upraven\u00e9 my\u0161i, ktor\u00fdm v tejto \u010dasti mozgu ch\u00fdbal Rap1. Zvierat\u00e1 k\u0155mili stravou s vysok\u00fdm obsahom tuku, aby u nich napodobnili metabolick\u00e9 poruchy spojen\u00e9 s cukrovkou 2. typu.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f my\u0161iam podali n\u00edzku d\u00e1vku metf*rm\u00ednu, liek u zvierat bez mozgov\u00e9ho Rap1 nedok\u00e1zal zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 hladinu cukru. Na inzul\u00edn a agonisty receptora GLP-1 v\u0161ak reagovali na\u010falej. Pod\u013ea vedcov to nazna\u010duje, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve dr\u00e1ha Rap1 v jadre hypotalamu je pre antidiabetick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok n\u00edzkych d\u00e1vok metfo*m\u00ednu nevyhnutn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u201eTento objav men\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 poh\u013ead na metfo*m\u00edn. Nefunguje len v pe\u010deni alebo \u010drev\u00e1ch, ale aj v mozgu,\u201c uviedol Fukuda.<\/p>\n

\"cukrovka\"\"cukrovka\"zdroj: Unsplash\/David MoruzziMozog reagoval na nieko\u013ekotis\u00edckr\u00e1t men\u0161iu d\u00e1vku<\/p>\n

V \u010fal\u0161ej \u010dasti experimentu vedci aplikovali metfo*m\u00edn priamo do mozgu ob\u00e9znych my\u0161\u00ed. U\u017e jeden mikrogram lieku v\u00fdznamne zn\u00ed\u017eil hladinu gluk\u00f3zy v krvi.<\/p>\n

I\u0161lo o nieko\u013ekotis\u00edckr\u00e1t men\u0161ie mno\u017estvo, ne\u017e ak\u00e9 sa v pokusoch na hlodavcoch be\u017ene pod\u00e1va \u00fastami alebo do perif\u00e9rnych \u010dast\u00ed tela. V\u00fdsledok pod\u013ea autorov nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mozog m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 na metfo*m\u00edn mimoriadne citliv\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia teda neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161etky doteraj\u0161ie predstavy o metf*rm\u00edne boli nespr\u00e1vne. Sk\u00f4r ukazuje, \u017ee jeho \u00fa\u010dinok je komplexnej\u0161\u00ed: popri pe\u010deni a \u010drev\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee pri kontrole hladiny cukru p\u00f4sobi\u0165 aj mozog.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky m\u00f4\u017eu otvori\u0165 cestu k nov\u00fdm liekom<\/p>\n

Objaven\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha by sa v bud\u00facnosti mohla sta\u0165 cie\u013eom nov\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov lie\u010dby cukrovky. Namiesto ovplyv\u0148ovania viacer\u00fdch org\u00e1nov by sa lie\u010dba mohla presnej\u0161ie zamera\u0165 na mozgov\u00fd mechanizmus reguluj\u00faci metabolizmus gluk\u00f3zy.<\/p>\n

\u201eTieto zistenia otv\u00e1raj\u00fa dvere k v\u00fdvoju nov\u00fdch lie\u010debn\u00fdch postupov na diabetes, ktor\u00e9 sa priamo zameriavaj\u00fa na t\u00fato dr\u00e1hu v mozgu,\u201c povedal Fukuda.<\/p>\n

Pred pr\u00edpadn\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm v praxi v\u0161ak bude potrebn\u00e9 overi\u0165, \u010di rovnak\u00fd mechanizmus funguje aj u \u013eud\u00ed. \u0160t\u00fadia sa uskuto\u010dnila na my\u0161iach a priame pod\u00e1vanie lieku do mozgu nemo\u017eno porovn\u00e1va\u0165 s be\u017en\u00fdm u\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm tabliet.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky z\u00e1rove\u0148 nedokazuj\u00fa, \u017ee by \u013eudia mali metfo*m\u00edn u\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na ochranu mozgu, spomalenie starnutia alebo prevenciu demencie bez stanovenej diagn\u00f3zy. Tak\u00e9to pou\u017eitie lieku zatia\u013e nem\u00e1 dostato\u010dn\u00e9 potvrdenie z kvalitn\u00fdch klinick\u00fdch sk\u00fa\u0161ok.<\/p>\n

Met*orm\u00edn sa sp\u00e1ja aj so starnut\u00edm mozgu<\/p>\n

Fukudov t\u00edm chce \u010falej sk\u00fama\u0165, \u010di mozgov\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha Rap1 nes\u00favis\u00ed aj s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinkami pripisovan\u00fdmi metfor*\u00ednu. Osobitne ho zauj\u00edma mo\u017en\u00e9 spoma\u013eovanie starnutia mozgu.<\/p>\n

Pozornos\u0165 vyvolala najm\u00e4 \u0161t\u00fadia publikovan\u00e1 v roku 2024 v \u010dasopise Cell. Vedci po\u010das 40 mesiacov sledovali samce makakov j\u00e1vskych, ktor\u00fdm denne pod\u00e1vali metfo*m\u00edn. Zaznamenali u nich pomal\u0161ie prib\u00fadanie niektor\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch znakov starnutia a v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zmeny najm\u00e4 v mozgu.<\/p>\n

Autori v\u00fdsledok op\u00edsali pribli\u017ene ako \u0161es\u0165ro\u010dn\u00fd posun ukazovate\u013eov starnutia mozgu smerom k mlad\u0161iemu veku. I\u0161lo v\u0161ak o experiment na prim\u00e1toch, nie o d\u00f4kaz, \u017ee metfo*m\u00edn dok\u00e1\u017ee rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom omladi\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00fd mozog.<\/p>\n

Skor\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum<\/p>\n

U\u017e skor\u0161ie v\u00fdskumy nazna\u010dili, \u017ee metf*rm\u00edn nep\u00f4sob\u00ed iba v pe\u010deni a \u010drev\u00e1ch. Po\u013esk\u00fd t\u00edm veden\u00fd Kazimierzom \u0141abuzekom z Lek\u00e1rskej univerzity v Sliezsku v \u0161t\u00fadii Meranie metfor*\u00ednu v mozgu, mozgovomiechovom moku a krvnej plazme potkanov uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee liek prenik\u00e1 do mozgu. Pr\u00e1ca bola publikovan\u00e1 v roku 2010<\/a>\u00a0 v \u010dasopise Pharmacological Reports.<\/p>\n

V roku 2012 n\u00e1sledne Wen-Shan Lv a t\u00edm z nemocnice pridru\u017eenej k Qingdao Medical University v \u010c\u00edne spojili met*orm\u00edn aj s ovplyv\u0148ovan\u00edm chuti do jedla. V\u00fdsledky zverejnili v \u010dasopise Brain Research<\/a> v \u0161t\u00fadii Vplyv met*orm\u00ednu na pr\u00edjem potravy a jeho mo\u017en\u00e1 \u00faloha v regul\u00e1cii hypotalamu.<\/p>\n

Metf*rm\u00edn nie je bez riz\u00edk<\/p>\n

Aj ke\u010f metf*rm\u00edn patr\u00ed medzi dobre tolerovan\u00e9 lieky, m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ide o tr\u00e1viace probl\u00e9my \u2013 nevo\u013enos\u0165, hna\u010dku alebo bolesti brucha. Tie sa \u010dasto zmiernia \u010dasom alebo po zmene formy lieku.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm faktorom je aj nedostatok vitam\u00ednu B12, ktor\u00fd sa pri dlhodobom u\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee objavi\u0165. N\u00edzke hladiny tohto vitam\u00ednu m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k an\u00e9mii alebo po\u0161kodeniu nervov.<\/p>\n

Zriedkav\u00fdm, no v\u00e1\u017enym rizikom je lakt\u00e1tov\u00e1 acid\u00f3za \u2013 stav, pri ktorom sa v tele hromad\u00ed kyselina mlie\u010dna. Hroz\u00ed najm\u00e4 u \u013eud\u00ed s ochoren\u00edm obli\u010diek alebo pe\u010dene, preto si lie\u010dba vy\u017eaduje pravideln\u00fa kontrolu.<\/p>\n

\n \u010c\u00edtaj viac z kateg\u00f3rie: Wellbeing<\/a>\n <\/p>\n

\n \u010eakujeme, \u017ee \u010d\u00edta\u0161 Startitup. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee m\u00e1\u0161 postreh alebo si na\u0161iel v \u010dl\u00e1nku chybu, nap\u00ed\u0161 n\u00e1m na redakcia@startitup.sk<\/a>.\n <\/p>\n

Zdroje: Science\u00a0Alert<\/a>, Pubmed<\/a>, Pubmed<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u010cL\u00c1NOK POKRA\u010cUJE POD REKLAMOU Metf*rm\u00edn u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa mili\u00f3ny \u013eud\u00ed s cukrovkou 2. typu. Vedci teraz zistili, \u017ee…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":140197,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[7668,43454,43455,20950,43456,743,33,43,40,42,36,50,49,48],"class_list":["post-140196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-cukrovka","tag-diabetes","tag-liek-na-cukrovku","tag-metabolizmus","tag-metformin","tag-mozog","tag-news","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117027959452675776","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=140196"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140196\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/140197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=140196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=140196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=140196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}