{"id":144900,"date":"2026-08-07T23:54:11","date_gmt":"2026-08-07T23:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/144900\/"},"modified":"2026-08-07T23:54:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T23:54:11","slug":"komare-podla-testu-vyskumnikov-pritahuju-najviac-tieto-farby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/144900\/","title":{"rendered":"Kom\u00e1re pod\u013ea testu v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa najviac tieto farby"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vedci zistili, ak\u00e9 farby kom\u00e1rov zrejme pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa.\t\t\t\t\t\t(Zdroj: gettyimages.com)\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

WASHINGTON – Leto je obdob\u00edm dovoleniek, grilova\u010diek \u010di ve\u010dern\u00e9ho posedenia na terase. S pr\u00edjemn\u00fdm po\u010das\u00edm v\u0161ak prich\u00e1dza aj ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00fd nepriate\u013e \u2013 kom\u00e1re. Mnoh\u00ed si myslia, \u017ee ich pri\u0165ahuje len sladk\u00e1 krv alebo pot, no najnov\u0161\u00ed vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee svoju \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va aj farba oble\u010denia. O zisteniach informoval odborn\u00fd \u010dasopis Nature Communications.<\/p>\n

Na v\u00fdskum upriamil pozornos\u0165 po\u013esk\u00fd port\u00e1l Polsat News<\/a>. Vedci z Washingtonskej univerzity spolu s kolegami z Kalifornskej univerzity v Santa Barbare a Univerzity Alberta a Ludwiga vo Freiburgu sk\u00famali spr\u00e1vanie kom\u00e1rov druhu Aedes aegypti, ktor\u00fd je zn\u00e1my aj ako pren\u00e1\u0161a\u010d viacer\u00fdch nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch tropick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky experimentu uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee hmyz si nevyber\u00e1 n\u00e1hodne a niektor\u00e9 farby ho pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa v\u00fdrazne viac ne\u017e in\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci analyzovali viac ako 1,3 mili\u00f3na letov\u00fdch trajekt\u00f3ri\u00ed kom\u00e1rov v \u0161peci\u00e1lnom tuneli vybavenom syst\u00e9mom trojrozmern\u00e9ho sledovania pohybu. Cie\u013eom bolo zisti\u0165, ako na hmyz vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa pachov\u00e9 a zrakov\u00e9 podnety.<\/p>\n

Farby nesta\u010dili, chcelo to katalyz\u00e1tor a na\u0161li ho<\/p>\n

Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 farba nesta\u010d\u00ed. Pokia\u013e kom\u00e1re nec\u00edtili oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, ktor\u00fd \u010dlovek vydychuje pri d\u00fdchan\u00ed, farebn\u00e9 objekty ich takmer v\u00f4bec nezauj\u00edmali. Situ\u00e1cia sa v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazne zmenila po tom, \u010do vedci do komory vpustili CO2. Vtedy sa sami\u010dky kom\u00e1ra Aedes aegypti za\u010dali vo ve\u013ekom pres\u00fava\u0165 k \u010derven\u00fdm, oran\u017eov\u00fdm, \u010diernym a az\u00farov\u00fdm objektom. Naopak, fialov\u00e1, modr\u00e1 \u010di biela ich nech\u00e1vali chladn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

\t
\n\t\t\"Otravn\u00e9\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (2)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0(Zdroj: Getty Images)<\/p>\n

Rozdiel bol v\u00fdrazn\u00fd aj v \u010d\u00edslach. K\u00fdm pri be\u017enom vzduchu farebn\u00e9 predmety pril\u00e1kali len jedno a\u017e \u0161tyri percent\u00e1 kom\u00e1rov, po pridan\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho ich bolo a\u017e 21 percent. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa viac ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobil po\u010det jedincov lietaj\u00facich po celej komore. Po zastaven\u00ed pr\u00edvodu CO2 z\u00e1ujem o farby op\u00e4\u0165 zmizol.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do je \u013eudsk\u00e1 ko\u017ea pre kom\u00e1re tak\u00e1 pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017eliv\u00e1<\/p>\n

„Kom\u00e1re zrejme vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pachy na rozpoznanie toho, \u010do sa nach\u00e1dza v ich bl\u00edzkosti, napr\u00edklad hostite\u013ea, ktor\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017eu po\u0161t\u00edpa\u0165,“ vysvetlil profesor biol\u00f3gie Jeffrey Riffell z Washingtonskej univerzity. „Ke\u010f zachytia ur\u010dit\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ako je CO2 z n\u00e1\u0161ho dychu, tento pach stimuluje ich o\u010di k vyh\u013ead\u00e1vaniu konkr\u00e9tnych farieb, ktor\u00e9 si sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s potenci\u00e1lnym hostite\u013eom,“ dodal.<\/p>\n

Vedci z\u00e1rove\u0148 zistili, \u017ee \u013eudsk\u00e1 poko\u017eka bez oh\u013eadu na jej odtie\u0148 odr\u00e1\u017ea svetlo najm\u00e4 v \u010derveno-oran\u017eovej \u010dasti spektra. Pr\u00e1ve preto m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre kom\u00e1re mimoriadne n\u00e1padn\u00e1. Ke\u010f v\u00fdskumn\u00edci tieto vlnov\u00e9 d\u013a\u017eky odfiltrovali alebo geneticky upravili kom\u00e1re tak, aby nedok\u00e1zali vn\u00edma\u0165 oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, hmyz o \u013eudsk\u00fa poko\u017eku prakticky stratil z\u00e1ujem.<\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1very nazna\u010dovali u\u017e star\u0161ie v\u00fdskumy. U\u017e v roku 1957 vedci zistili, \u017ee kom\u00e1re naj\u010dastej\u0161ie prist\u00e1vaj\u00fa na \u010derven\u00fdch a \u010diernych tkanin\u00e1ch, pri\u010dom tmav\u00e9 oble\u010denie ich pri\u0165ahuje v\u00fdrazne viac ako svetl\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u010co robi\u0165 po\u010das letn\u00fdch noc\u00ed v exteri\u00e9ri?<\/p>\n

Ak sa teda po\u010das letn\u00fdch ve\u010derov chcete vyhn\u00fa\u0165 nepr\u00edjemn\u00fdm \u0161t\u00edpancom, odborn\u00edci odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa siahnu\u0165 po svetlej\u0161om oble\u010den\u00ed a vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa \u010dervenej, oran\u017eovej, \u010diernej \u010di az\u00farovej farbe. Samotn\u00e1 vo\u013eba oble\u010denia v\u0161ak nesta\u010d\u00ed. Najlep\u0161iu ochranu na\u010falej poskytuj\u00fa dlh\u00e9 ruk\u00e1vy, dlh\u00e9 nohavice, uzavret\u00e1 obuv a kvalitn\u00fd repelent nanesen\u00fd na odkryt\u00e9 \u010dasti tela.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Vedci zistili, ak\u00e9 farby kom\u00e1rov zrejme pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa. (Zdroj: gettyimages.com) WASHINGTON – Leto je obdob\u00edm dovoleniek, grilova\u010diek \u010di ve\u010dern\u00e9ho…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":144901,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[15995,5741,33,43,40,42,36,50,4056,745,16775,44337,49,48],"class_list":["post-144900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-farby","tag-komare","tag-news","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-test","tag-vyskum","tag-vyskumnici","tag-washingtonska-univerzita","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117056927561131147","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=144900"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144900\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/144901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=144900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=144900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=144900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}