BERL\u00cdN \u2013 Teplomer ukazuje viac ako 30 stup\u0148ov, obloha je modr\u00e1 a leto je v plnom pr\u00fade. Sta\u010d\u00ed sa v\u0161ak pozrie\u0165 pod niektor\u00e9 stromy a \u010dlovek m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 pocit, \u017ee presko\u010dil rovno do okt\u00f3bra. Listy \u017eltn\u00fa, hnedn\u00fa a padaj\u00fa na zem cel\u00e9 t\u00fd\u017edne pred za\u010diatkom jesene. Stromy sa v\u0161ak nepom\u00fdlili v kalend\u00e1ri. Robia nie\u010do ove\u013ea d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie \u2013 sna\u017eia sa pre\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\n
\t\t\t\tStrom sa za\u010dne zbavova\u0165 toho, \u010do nedok\u00e1\u017ee u\u017eivi\u0165<\/p>\n
Nezvy\u010dajne skor\u00e9 opad\u00e1vanie listov mo\u017eno v t\u00fdchto t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och pozorova\u0165 v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach Nemecka. D\u00f4vodom s\u00fa vysok\u00e9 teploty a nedostatok vody, ktor\u00e9 dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa stromy do \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho stresu.<\/p>\n
Nemeck\u00e1 telev\u00edzia n-tv upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee leto 2026 prinieslo v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch spolkov\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch j\u00falov\u00e9 teplotn\u00e9 rekordy a ve\u013ek\u00e9 rieky vr\u00e1tane R\u00fdna, Labe a Dunaja zaznamenali extr\u00e9mne n\u00edzke hladiny. Nedostatok zr\u00e1\u017eok sa prejavuje aj v p\u00f4de. A ke\u010f strom nedok\u00e1\u017ee z kore\u0148ov z\u00edska\u0165 dostatok vody, za\u010dne \u0161etri\u0165.<\/p>\n
Jedn\u00fdm zo sp\u00f4sobov je pr\u00e1ve pred\u010dasn\u00e9 zhodenie listov. Listy toti\u017e neust\u00e1le str\u00e1caj\u00fa vodu odparovan\u00edm. \u010c\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu listov\u00fa plochu strom m\u00e1, t\u00fdm viac vody potrebuje. Ak jej korene nedok\u00e1\u017eu zabezpe\u010di\u0165 dostatok, obmedzenie listovej plochy m\u00f4\u017ee stromu pom\u00f4c\u0165 pre\u017ei\u0165 kritick\u00e9 obdobie.<\/p>\n
Je to nie\u010do ako n\u00fadzov\u00fd re\u017eim<\/p>\n
Strom teda v podstate zapne vlastn\u00fd \u00fasporn\u00fd re\u017eim. Pri nedostatku vody najsk\u00f4r uzatv\u00e1ra drobn\u00e9 prieduchy na listoch, \u010d\u00edm obmedzuje odparovanie. M\u00e1 to v\u0161ak svoju cenu \u2013 z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa spoma\u013euje fotosynt\u00e9za a strom vyr\u00e1ba menej l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 potrebuje na rast. Ak stres pokra\u010duje, niektor\u00e9 dreviny za\u010dn\u00fa listy zhadzova\u0165.<\/p>\n
Odborn\u00fd lesn\u00edcky port\u00e1l Waldwissen vysvet\u013euje, \u017ee napr\u00edklad buky sa pred\u010dasn\u00fdm opad\u00e1van\u00edm listov m\u00f4\u017eu chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred nadmernou stratou vody. Strom tak dok\u00e1\u017ee obdobie sucha pre\u017ei\u0165 bez v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1sledkov.<\/p>\n
Pred\u010dasn\u00fd opad v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 z\u00e1rove\u0148 pr\u00edznakom siln\u00e9ho oslabenia. V\u00fdskum takmer tis\u00edcky bukov po extr\u00e9mnom suchu v roku 2018 uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pri silne po\u0161koden\u00fdch stromoch m\u00f4\u017ee s\u00favisie\u0165 aj s naru\u0161en\u00edm z\u00e1sobovania kon\u00e1rov vodou a neskor\u0161\u00edm odumieran\u00edm \u010dast\u00ed koruny.<\/p>\n
Nie ka\u017ed\u00fd strom, ktor\u00fd v auguste zhod\u00ed listy, teda zomiera. Je to v\u0161ak jasn\u00fd sign\u00e1l, \u017ee nem\u00e1 ide\u00e1lne podmienky.<\/p>\n
Najhor\u0161ie s\u00fa na tom mlad\u00e9 strom\u010deky<\/p>\n
Ve\u013emi z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed aj na veku. Star\u0161ie stromy maj\u00fa rozsiahlej\u0161\u00ed kore\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a dok\u00e1\u017eu z\u00edskava\u0165 vodu z hlb\u0161\u00edch vrstiev p\u00f4dy. Mlad\u00e9 strom\u010deky t\u00fato v\u00fdhodu nemaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n
Nemeck\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1tny podnik Wald und Holz Nordrhein-Westfalen upozornil, \u017ee koncom j\u00fala bolo nezvy\u010dajn\u00fdm suchom alebo suchom postihnut\u00fdch a\u017e 94 percent \u00fazemia Severn\u00e9ho Por\u00fdnia-Vestf\u00e1lska.<\/p>\n
Najviac ohrozen\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00e1ve mlad\u00e9 strom\u010deky vysaden\u00e9 t\u00fato jar. Lesn\u00edci po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa s t\u00fdm, \u017ee \u010das\u0165 z nich sucho nepre\u017eije.<\/p>\n
Na star\u0161\u00edch stromoch u\u017e mo\u017eno n\u00e1sledky vidie\u0165 vo\u013en\u00fdm okom. Najm\u00e4 v pohor\u00ed Eifel maj\u00fa pod\u013ea lesn\u00edkov brezy a lipy \u017elt\u00e9 listy alebo \u010diasto\u010dne hol\u00e9 koruny.<\/p>\n
Niektor\u00e9 stromy u\u017e nemaj\u00fa \u010do zhodi\u0165<\/p>\n
Situ\u00e1cia je e\u0161te v\u00fdraznej\u0161ia v mest\u00e1ch. V z\u00e1padonemeckom Wuppertale museli tento rok vyr\u00faba\u0165 u\u017e takmer tis\u00edc vyschnut\u00fdch mestsk\u00fdch stromov.<\/p>\n
Miestni lesn\u00edci upozor\u0148uj\u00fa najm\u00e4 na viac ako 80-ro\u010dn\u00e9 buky. Po\u010das v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny svojho \u017eivota r\u00e1stli v podmienkach, ke\u010f boli let\u00e1 v tejto oblasti chladnej\u0161ie a vlhkej\u0161ie. Dne\u0161n\u00e9 opakovan\u00e9 hor\u00fa\u010davy a sucho preto zvl\u00e1daj\u00fa ove\u013ea hor\u0161ie.<\/p>\n
Probl\u00e9mom navy\u0161e nie je iba leto 2026. Nemeck\u00e9 lesy si nes\u00fa n\u00e1sledky s\u00e9rie such\u00fdch rokov minim\u00e1lne od roku 2018. Pod\u013ea najnov\u0161\u00edch \u00fadajov o stave nemeck\u00fdch lesov vykazuje po\u0161kodenie koruny ve\u013ek\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina stromov hlavn\u00fdch druhov.<\/p>\n
Sucho otv\u00e1ra dvere \u010fal\u0161iemu nepriate\u013eovi<\/p>\n
Nedostatok vody m\u00f4\u017ee spusti\u0165 aj \u010fal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Oslaben\u00fd strom sa toti\u017e hor\u0161ie br\u00e1ni \u0161kodcom. Ve\u013emi dobre je to vidite\u013en\u00e9 pri smrekoch. Ke\u010f maj\u00fa dostatok vody, dok\u00e1\u017eu sa proti podk\u00f4rnemu hmyzu br\u00e1ni\u0165 \u017eivicou. Pri dlhodobom suchu v\u0161ak ich obranyschopnos\u0165 kles\u00e1.<\/p>\n
V Bavorsku preto lesn\u00edci v t\u00fdchto d\u0148och varuj\u00fa pred druhou gener\u00e1ciou lyko\u017er\u00fata, ktorej \u0161\u00edreniu s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 hor\u00face a such\u00e9 po\u010dasie prospieva.<\/p>\n
Vznik\u00e1 tak nepr\u00edjemn\u00fd za\u010darovan\u00fd kruh: sucho strom oslab\u00ed a \u0161kodcovia potom dostan\u00fa ove\u013ea jednoduch\u0161iu pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 dokon\u010di\u0165 pr\u00e1cu.<\/p>\n
Stromy sa z jedn\u00e9ho such\u00e9ho leta dok\u00e1\u017eu spam\u00e4ta\u0165<\/p>\n
Poh\u013ead na \u017elt\u00fa korunu uprostred augusta v\u0161ak e\u0161te nemus\u00ed znamena\u0165 rozsudok smrti. Stromy maj\u00fa mechanizmy, ktor\u00e9 im umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 obdobie nedostatku vody zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165. Pred\u010dasn\u00fdm obmedzen\u00edm listovej plochy m\u00f4\u017eu uchova\u0165 z\u00e1soby vody a do\u010dka\u0165 sa \u010fal\u0161ej vegeta\u010dnej sez\u00f3ny.<\/p>\n
Probl\u00e9m nast\u00e1va najm\u00e4 vtedy, ke\u010f sa extr\u00e9mne such\u00e9 a hor\u00face obdobia opakuj\u00fa a strom nem\u00e1 medzi nimi dostatok \u010dasu na zotavenie.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdskum \u0161vaj\u010diarskeho WSL po extr\u00e9mnom suchu roku 2018 napr\u00edklad uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee buky s v\u00fdrazne pred\u010dasne sfarben\u00fdmi korunami a opadom listov vykazovali v nasleduj\u00facich rokoch podstatne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie po\u0161kodenie ne\u017e stromy, ktor\u00e9 zostali zelen\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Jeden pred\u010dasn\u00fd \u201eokt\u00f3ber\u201c teda strom e\u0161te zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee. Ak v\u0161ak mus\u00ed boj o vodu opakova\u0165 leto za letom, jeho z\u00e1soby a schopnos\u0165 br\u00e1ni\u0165 sa postupne mizn\u00fa.<\/p>\n
A preto l\u00edstie \u0161u\u0161tiace pod nohami po\u010das augustov\u00fdch hor\u00fa\u010dav nie je znamen\u00edm, \u017ee sa jese\u0148 tento rok pon\u00e1h\u013ea.<\/p>\n
Je to znamenie, \u017ee stromy u\u017e za\u010dali \u0161etri\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fa kvapku vody.<\/p>\n
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"BERL\u00cdN \u2013 Teplomer ukazuje viac ako 30 stup\u0148ov, obloha je modr\u00e1 a leto je v plnom pr\u00fade. Sta\u010d\u00ed…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":150681,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[6486,33,45244,43,40,42,36,7730,50,49,48],"class_list":["post-150680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-horucavy","tag-news","tag-opadane-listy","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-stromy","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117092038074651997","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=150680"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150680\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/150681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=150680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=150680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=150680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}