YUKON\/PRAHA – St\u00e1tis\u00edce \u013eud\u00ed bez rozdielu veku, rasy \u010di n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva sa v minulosti vyd\u00e1vali do \u010falek\u00fdch a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch kon\u010d\u00edn s vidinou n\u00e1jdenia zlata. Hist\u00f3ria za\u017eila mnoho zlat\u00fdch hor\u00fa\u010dok, no t\u00e1 najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ia a z\u00e1rove\u0148 posledn\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00e1 zlat\u00e1 hor\u00fa\u010dka v dejin\u00e1ch vypukla 16. augusta 1896 v kanadskom Yukone v okol\u00ed rieky Klondike.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00edbehy zlatokopov sa do \u0161ir\u0161ieho povedomia zap\u00edsali najm\u00e4 v\u010faka rom\u00e1nom a poviedkam Jacka Londona, ktor\u00fd v oblasti po\u010das zlatej hor\u00fa\u010dky pob\u00fdval, alebo postave zlatokopa v podan\u00ed Charlieho Chaplina vo filme Zlat\u00e9 opojenie.<\/p>\n
Zlato objavil George Carmack so svojimi spolo\u010dn\u00edkmi<\/p>\n
Zlato na \u00fazem\u00ed Yukonu v mieste, kde Kr\u00e1li\u010d\u00ed potok (nesk\u00f4r nazvan\u00fd Bonanza) \u00fasti do Klondiku, objavil zlatokop George Carmack spolu so svojou indi\u00e1nskou man\u017eelkou a Indi\u00e1nmi Tagish Charliem a Jimom Skookumom.<\/p>\n
Carmack sa pri rybolove stretol s \u010fal\u0161\u00edm lovcom a zlatokopom Robertom Hendersonom, ktor\u00fd mu porozpr\u00e1val o \u00fadajn\u00fdch n\u00e1lezisk\u00e1ch zlata. Obaja mu\u017ei sa v\u0161ak rozi\u0161li v zlom, preto\u017ee Henderson nemal Indi\u00e1nov v l\u00e1ske. Carmack sa preto vydal h\u013eada\u0165 zlato so svojou skupinou. Spr\u00e1va o n\u00e1leze zlata sa okam\u017eite roz\u0161\u00edrila medzi ostatn\u00fdmi zlatokopmi, ktor\u00ed sa vz\u00e1p\u00e4t\u00ed vydali po Klondiku za bohatstvom.<\/p>\n
Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 hor\u00fa\u010dka vypukla a\u017e o rok nesk\u00f4r<\/p>\n
Pre izolovanos\u0165 Klondiku vypukla skuto\u010dn\u00e1 zlat\u00e1 hor\u00fa\u010dka a\u017e v lete 1897. Najprv 15. j\u00fala 1897 prist\u00e1l v San Franciscu parn\u00edk Excelsior, ktor\u00fd priniesol prv\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy o n\u00e1leze zlata na Klondiku. Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 senz\u00e1cia v\u0161ak vypukla o dva dni nesk\u00f4r, ke\u010f v Seattli zakotvil parn\u00edk Portland.<\/p>\n
Na jeho palube bolo 89 nepredstavite\u013ene bohat\u00fdch mu\u017eov. T\u00edto \u0161\u0165astlivci za\u010dali s \u0165a\u017ebou kr\u00e1tko po objaven\u00ed zlata a pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch spr\u00e1v priviezli do mesta viac ako dve tony r\u00fddzeho zlata.<\/p>\n
Na n\u00e1bre\u017e\u00ed ich v\u00edtalo 5000 u\u017easnut\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch tam pril\u00e1kal \u010dl\u00e1nok v tla\u010di. Len \u010do sa \u013eudia v pr\u00edstave presved\u010dili o pravdivosti zdanlivo neuverite\u013en\u00fdch spr\u00e1v, ni\u010d ich u\u017e nemohlo zastavi\u0165. V novin\u00e1ch sa za\u010dali objavova\u0165 bombastick\u00e9 titulky \u201eZlato, zlato, zlato!\u201c a po\u010das dvoch rokov sa do oblasti vypravilo pribli\u017ene 100.000 dobrodruhov. \u201eHor sa na Klondike!\u201c znelo heslo t\u00fdch dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Zlatokopov \u010dakali mr\u00e1z a tvrd\u00e1 drina<\/p>\n
\u017divot zlatokopov v\u00f4bec nebol \u013eahk\u00fd. Len zlomok zlata sa nach\u00e1dzal vo vod\u00e1ch riek v podobe pevn\u00fdch val\u00fanov. Zlatokopi museli pri \u010diasto\u010dne arktick\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch prekopa\u0165 trvalo zamrznut\u00fa p\u00f4du a\u017e do h\u013abky desiatich metrov, kde sa ukr\u00fdvala zlat\u00e1 ruda. Po jej rozmrazen\u00ed z nej potom museli vz\u00e1cny kov vyr\u00fd\u017eova\u0165.<\/p>\n
U\u017e samotn\u00e1 cesta do oblasti si vy\u017eadovala poriadnu d\u00e1vku odvahy. Najprv bolo potrebn\u00e9 absolvova\u0165 plavbu lo\u010fou k brehom Alja\u0161ky, odkia\u013e viedlo k zlat\u00fdm n\u00e1lezisk\u00e1m nieko\u013eko tr\u00e1s. Najviac sa vyu\u017e\u00edvala cesta cez Chilkootsk\u00fd priesmyk. Fotografie dlh\u00e9ho radu \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa sna\u017eili dosta\u0165 cez priesmyk, sa stali jedn\u00fdm zo symbolov zlatej hor\u00fa\u010dky.<\/p>\n
Cestu cez Chilkoot museli absolvova\u0165 opakovane<\/p>\n
V\u00fdstup k Chilkootsk\u00e9mu priesmyku museli zlatokopi absolvova\u0165 nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t, preto\u017ee pol\u00edcia kontrolovala, \u010di maj\u00fa dobrodruhovia dostato\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby potrav\u00edn. Ani po prekonan\u00ed h\u00f4r v\u0161ak e\u0161te nemali vyhrat\u00e9. Museli zost\u00fapi\u0165 k Bennettovmu jazeru a \u010daka\u0165, k\u00fdm sa roztop\u00ed \u013ead.<\/p>\n
A\u017e potom sa na lodiach vydali ku Klondiku. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich v\u0161ak pri\u0161la pr\u00edli\u0161 neskoro. Od objavenia zlata u\u017e uplynulo ve\u013ea \u010dasu, najv\u00fdnosnej\u0161ie pozemky boli obsaden\u00e9 a zlata postupne ub\u00fadalo. Po spr\u00e1vach o nov\u00fdch n\u00e1lezisk\u00e1ch na Alja\u0161ke sa zlat\u00e1 hor\u00fa\u010dka na Klondiku po dvoch rokoch skon\u010dila.<\/p>\n
Dawson City sa stalo symbolom zlatej hor\u00fa\u010dky<\/p>\n
Zlatokopi zalo\u017eili legend\u00e1rnu osadu Dawson City, kde ist\u00fd \u010das pob\u00fdval aj spisovate\u013e Jack London. Namiesto zlata si odtia\u013e odniesol n\u00e1mety na svoje knihy Volanie divo\u010diny a Biely tes\u00e1k.<\/p>\n
V obdob\u00ed najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho rozkvetu \u017eilo v meste pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch odhadov a\u017e 40.000 \u013eud\u00ed. Mesto, v ktorom dnes st\u00e1le \u017eije pribli\u017ene 1500 obyvate\u013eov, bolo pomenovan\u00e9 po kanadskom geol\u00f3govi Georgeovi Dawsonovi a v rokoch 1898 a\u017e 1952 bolo hlavn\u00fdm mestom kanadsk\u00e9ho terit\u00f3ria Yukon. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je hlavn\u00fdm mestom tejto oblasti Whitehorse.<\/p>\n
Zlat\u00e1 hor\u00fa\u010dka zasiahla aj Kaliforniu \u010di Austr\u00e1liu<\/p>\n
Druh\u00e1 najsl\u00e1vnej\u0161ia zlat\u00e1 hor\u00fa\u010dka v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch zachv\u00e1tila na prelome 40. a 50. rokov 19. storo\u010dia Kaliforniu. Zlato tam objavili v roku 1848 a do roku 1855 pri\u0161lo do Kalifornie v s\u00favislosti so zlatou hor\u00fa\u010dkou pod\u013ea odhadov a\u017e 300.000 \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Honba za zlatom sa nevyhla ani Austr\u00e1lii (1851), kanadskej Britskej Kolumbii (1858) \u010di Ju\u017enej Afrike (1886), ktor\u00e1 bola v uplynul\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm producentom zlata na svete. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti patr\u00ed prvenstvo \u010c\u00edne, za ktorou nasleduj\u00fa Rusko, Austr\u00e1lia, Kanada a Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"YUKON\/PRAHA – St\u00e1tis\u00edce \u013eud\u00ed bez rozdielu veku, rasy \u010di n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva sa v minulosti vyd\u00e1vali do \u010falek\u00fdch a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":151589,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[15],"tags":[70,305,43,40,39,42,41,71,45401,2624],"class_list":["post-151588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zabava","tag-entertainment","tag-kanada","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovakia","tag-slovencina","tag-slovensko","tag-zabava","tag-zlata-horucka","tag-zlato"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117096728705656220","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=151588"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151588\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/151589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=151588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=151588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=151588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}