Alzheimerova choroba patr\u00ed medzi najob\u00e1vanej\u0161ie ochorenia spojen\u00e9 so starnut\u00edm. Postupne po\u0161kodzuje mozog a vedie k zhor\u0161ovaniu pam\u00e4ti, orient\u00e1cie \u010di \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kognit\u00edvnych schopnost\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 zistenia v\u0161ak nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm mozog po\u010das \u017eivota pou\u017e\u00edvame, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00fd aj z h\u013eadiska jeho odolnosti vo\u010di tomuto ochoreniu.<\/p>\n
Mohlo by v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma\u0165:<\/p>\n
Reklama<\/p>\n
Taxik\u00e1ri a vodi\u010di sanitiek boli na tom lep\u0161ie<\/p>\n
V\u00fdskumn\u00edci v \u0161t\u00fadii<\/a> z roku 2024 analyzovali takmer\u00a09 mili\u00f3nov \u00famrtn\u00fdch listov \u013eud\u00ed v USA, ktor\u00ed zomreli medzi janu\u00e1rom 2020 a decembrom 2022. Porovn\u00e1vali pritom 443 r\u00f4znych povolan\u00ed a sledovali, ako \u010dasto bola medzi pr\u00ed\u010dinami \u00famrtia uveden\u00e1 Alzheimerova choroba.<\/p>\n V\u00fdsledok ich zaujal.\u00a0Taxik\u00e1ri a vodi\u010di sanitiek mali spomedzi sledovan\u00fdch povolan\u00ed najni\u017e\u0161ie riziko \u00famrtia na Alzheimerovu chorobu.\u00a0Po zoh\u013eadnen\u00ed veku, pohlavia, rasy, etnick\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu a vzdelania zomrel na toto ochorenie pribli\u017ene jeden zo 100 taxik\u00e1rov a vodi\u010dov sanitiek. V celkovej popul\u00e1cii to bolo pribli\u017ene u jedn\u00e9ho zo 60 \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee rovnak\u00fd trend sa neobjavil pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch povolaniach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia so \u0161of\u00e9rovan\u00edm. Pr\u00e1ve to vedcov priviedlo k my\u0161lienke, \u017ee za rozdielom nemus\u00ed by\u0165 samotn\u00e9 \u0161of\u00e9rovanie.<\/p>\n Tajomstvom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 neust\u00e1la orient\u00e1cia v priestore<\/p>\n Taxik\u00e1r sa toti\u017e po\u010das pr\u00e1ce nem\u00f4\u017ee spolieha\u0165 iba na jednu nau\u010den\u00fa trasu. Neust\u00e1le mus\u00ed zis\u0165ova\u0165, kde sa nach\u00e1dza, kam sa potrebuje dosta\u0165, akou cestou sa tam dostane a ako trasu upravi\u0165 v pr\u00edpade z\u00e1pchy, uz\u00e1vierky \u010di inej ne\u010dakanej situ\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n Pr\u00e1ve toto\u00a0neust\u00e1le priestorov\u00e9 uva\u017eovanie a vytv\u00e1ranie ment\u00e1lnej mapy okolia\u00a0m\u00f4\u017ee pod\u013ea vedcov zohr\u00e1va\u0165 \u00falohu. Vodi\u010di autobusov \u010di piloti lietadiel, ktor\u00fdch pr\u00e1ca je vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej miere zalo\u017een\u00e1 na pevn\u00fdch alebo vopred ur\u010den\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch, podobn\u00fa v\u00fdhodu nevykazovali.<\/p>\n V\u00fdskumn\u00edci preto predpokladaj\u00fa, \u017ee d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nemus\u00ed by\u0165 samotn\u00e9 vedenie vozidla, ale predov\u0161etk\u00fdm intenz\u00edvna pr\u00e1ca mozgu spojen\u00e1 s orient\u00e1ciou v neust\u00e1le sa meniacom priestore.<\/p>\n D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu m\u00f4\u017ee zohr\u00e1va\u0165 hipokampus<\/p>\n Vedci svoju hypot\u00e9zu sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 s\u00a0hipokampom, \u010das\u0165ou mozgu, ktor\u00e1 zohr\u00e1va v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu pri pam\u00e4ti a pri priestorovej orient\u00e1cii. Pr\u00e1ve hipokampus patr\u00ed medzi oblasti, ktor\u00e9 Alzheimerova choroba po\u0161kodzuje v skor\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n Probl\u00e9my s orient\u00e1ciou v priestore a schopnos\u0165ou n\u00e1js\u0165 cestu pritom m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 jedn\u00fdmi z prv\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov ochorenia. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa objavia e\u0161te pred v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami s pam\u00e4\u0165ou. To vedcov priv\u00e1dza k zauj\u00edmavej ot\u00e1zke:\u00a0M\u00f4\u017ee pravideln\u00e9 intenz\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvanie tejto \u010dasti mozgu pom\u00f4c\u0165 udr\u017ea\u0165 ju dlh\u0161ie v dobrej kond\u00edcii?<\/p>\n Lond\u00fdnski taxik\u00e1ri maj\u00fa v\u010faka svojej pr\u00e1ci v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed hipokampus<\/p>\n Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy priniesol u\u017e v\u00fdskum z roku 2000, v ktorom neurovedci porovn\u00e1vali mozgy licencovan\u00fdch lond\u00fdnskych taxik\u00e1rov s \u013eu\u010fmi, ktor\u00ed tax\u00edky ne\u0161of\u00e9rovali. Lond\u00fdnski taxik\u00e1ri musia pred z\u00edskan\u00edm licencie zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 mimoriadne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fa sk\u00fa\u0161ku zn\u00e1mu ako\u00a0The Knowledge. Po\u010das pr\u00edpravy sa u\u010dia tis\u00edce ul\u00edc a mno\u017estvo r\u00f4znych tr\u00e1s v \u0161irokom okol\u00ed centra Lond\u00fdna. Pr\u00edprava na sk\u00fa\u0161ku m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 pribli\u017ene tri a\u017e \u0161tyri roky.<\/p>\n Vedci vtedy pomocou zobrazovac\u00edch met\u00f3d zistili, \u017ee taxik\u00e1ri mali\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo sivej hmoty v zadnej \u010dasti hipokampu, ktor\u00e1 s\u00favis\u00ed s ukladan\u00edm rozsiahlych priestorov\u00fdch m\u00e1p. E\u0161te zauj\u00edmavej\u0161ie bolo, \u017ee ve\u013ekos\u0165 tejto oblasti s\u00favisela so sk\u00fasenos\u0165ami. \u010c\u00edm dlh\u0161ie \u010dlovek pracoval ako taxik\u00e1r, t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed bol objem sivej hmoty v sledovanej \u010dasti hipokampu.<\/p>\n V\u00fdsledky tak nazna\u010dili, \u017ee nejde iba o vroden\u00fa schopnos\u0165. \u013dudia, ktor\u00ed sa dobre orientuj\u00fa v priestore, s\u00edce m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu tendenciu vybra\u0165 si tak\u00e9to povolanie, no samotn\u00e1 dlhodob\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca s priestorov\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00e1rove\u0148 ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 mozog.<\/p>\n Mozog si vytv\u00e1ra vlastn\u00e9 mapy<\/p>\n Podobn\u00fd princ\u00edp pritom nemus\u00ed fungova\u0165 iba u \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa pohybuj\u00fa po uliciach. Priestorov\u00e9 myslenie vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj kartografi, urbanisti \u010di odborn\u00edci na geografick\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, zn\u00e1me ako GIS.<\/p>\n GIS \u0161pecialista m\u00f4\u017ee napr\u00edklad pracova\u0165 s mapami, na ktor\u00e9 vrstv\u00ed r\u00f4zne druhy \u00fadajov. M\u00f4\u017ee porovn\u00e1va\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o obyvate\u013estve s mapami z\u00e1plavov\u00e9ho rizika alebo pomocou satelitn\u00fdch sn\u00edmok sledova\u0165 zmeny krajiny po lesnom po\u017eiari.<\/p>\n Tak\u00e1to pr\u00e1ca si vy\u017eaduje s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 spracov\u00e1vanie viacer\u00fdch vrstiev \u00fadajov, r\u00f4znych mierok a priestorov\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov. Vedci preto sk\u00famaj\u00fa, \u010di m\u00f4\u017ee aj tak\u00fdto sp\u00f4sob pr\u00e1ce s priestorom podobne zap\u00e1ja\u0165 hipokampus ako orient\u00e1cia v skuto\u010dnom meste.<\/p>\n Pom\u00e1ha mozgu aj \u017eivot v zlo\u017eitej\u0161om prostred\u00ed?<\/p>\n \u010eal\u0161\u00ed zauj\u00edmav\u00fd v\u00fdskum priniesol \u00fadaje z roku 2023. Vedci vtedy pou\u017eili model strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia a analyzovali \u00fadaje od viac ako 22 500 \u013eud\u00ed z rozsiahlej n\u00e1rodnej datab\u00e1zy. Podarilo sa im s pribli\u017ene\u00a084-percentnou presnos\u0165ou predpoveda\u0165, ktor\u00e9 po\u0161tov\u00e9 smerovacie oblasti mali vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt Alzheimerovej choroby, a to na z\u00e1klade toho, ak\u00e9 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 bolo prostredie, v ktorom \u013eudia \u017eili.<\/p>\n \u013dudia \u017eij\u00faci v priestorovo komplexnej\u0161\u00edch oblastiach \u2013 napr\u00edklad v miestach s hustou sie\u0165ou ul\u00edc, mno\u017estvom kri\u017eovatiek, r\u00f4znymi orienta\u010dn\u00fdmi bodmi a viacer\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami, ako sa dosta\u0165 z jedn\u00e9ho miesta na druh\u00e9 \u2013 mali pod\u013ea v\u00fdsledkov\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165 vzniku Alzheimerovej choroby.<\/p>\n Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee navigovanie m\u00f4\u017ee chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred Alzheimerovou chorobou?<\/p>\n V\u00fdsledky s\u00fa nepochybne zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, no neznamenaj\u00fa, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed za\u010da\u0165 jazdi\u0165 tax\u00edkom a \u010dlovek sa Alzheimerovej chorobe vyhne. \u0160t\u00fadia s \u00famrtn\u00fdmi listami poukazuje na\u00a0s\u00favislos\u0165, nie na priamu pr\u00ed\u010dinn\u00fa s\u00favislos\u0165.<\/p>\n Vedci zatia\u013e nevedia s istotou poveda\u0165, \u010di intenz\u00edvne priestorov\u00e9 myslenie skuto\u010dne zni\u017euje riziko ochorenia, alebo \u010di v\u00fdsledky ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa aj in\u00e9 faktory. Napriek tomu v kombin\u00e1cii so star\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdskumami prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa zauj\u00edmav\u00fd poh\u013ead na to, ako m\u00f4\u017ee pravideln\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie ur\u010dit\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed meni\u0165 mozog.<\/p>\n Jedno je v\u0161ak \u010doraz jasnej\u0161ie \u2013\u00a0mozog nie je nemenn\u00fd org\u00e1n. Rovnako ako svaly, aj niektor\u00e9 jeho schopnosti m\u00f4\u017eeme po\u010das \u017eivota pravidelne pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 a tr\u00e9nova\u0165.<\/p>\n Aj oby\u010dajn\u00e9 h\u013eadanie cesty m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre mozog v\u00fdzvou<\/p>\n V\u00fdskumy tak prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa zauj\u00edmav\u00fa my\u0161lienku: \u010dinnosti, pri ktor\u00fdch mus\u00edme prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 nad t\u00fdm, kde sa nach\u00e1dzame, kam smerujeme a ako sa tam dosta\u0165, m\u00f4\u017eu predstavova\u0165 pre mozog \u0161pecifick\u00fa v\u00fdzvu.<\/p>\n \u010ci u\u017e ide o profesion\u00e1lneho taxik\u00e1ra, ktor\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 h\u013ead\u00e1 najlep\u0161iu cestu mestom, alebo \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd sa sna\u017e\u00ed zorientova\u0165 v nezn\u00e1mej \u0161tvrti bez toho, aby okam\u017eite siahol po navig\u00e1cii,\u00a0priestorov\u00e1 orient\u00e1cia n\u00fati mozog vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 a aktualizova\u0165 ment\u00e1lne mapy.<\/p>\n Zatia\u013e teda nemo\u017eno tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee navigovanie predstavuje ochranu pred Alzheimerovou chorobou. V\u00fdskum v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee\u00a0udr\u017eiava\u0165 mozog akt\u00edvny, u\u010di\u0165 sa nov\u00e9 veci a pravidelne ho vystavova\u0165 r\u00f4znym kognit\u00edvnym v\u00fdzvam m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zauj\u00edmavej\u0161ie, ne\u017e sme si doteraz mysleli.
Sledujte n\u00e1\u0161 Facebook<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Alzheimerova choroba patr\u00ed medzi najob\u00e1vanej\u0161ie ochorenia spojen\u00e9 so starnut\u00edm. Postupne po\u0161kodzuje mozog a vedie k zhor\u0161ovaniu pam\u00e4ti, orient\u00e1cie…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":154701,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[743,33,43,40,42,36,50,49,48,5193],"class_list":["post-154700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-mozog","tag-news","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news","tag-zdravotne"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117116672644893546","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=154700"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154700\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/154701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=154700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=154700"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=154700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}