BOSTON \u2013 Pri slov\u00e1ch pracovn\u00e9 o\u017eiarenie si \u010dlovek zrejme predstav\u00ed jadrov\u00fa elektr\u00e1re\u0148 \u010di nemocnicu. Nov\u00fd rozsiahly v\u00fdskum v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zal \u00faplne in\u00fdm smerom. Najv\u00fdraznej\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky vedci zaznamenali pri \u013eu\u010foch, ktor\u00ed tr\u00e1via pracovn\u00fd \u010das tis\u00edce metrov nad zemou.<\/p>\n
\t\t\t\tNajhor\u0161ie dopadli palubn\u00ed sprievodcovia<\/p>\n
Vedci z Harvard Medical School analyzovali \u00fadaje z 12,7 mili\u00f3na americk\u00fdch \u00famrtn\u00fdch listov z rokov 2020 a\u017e 2024. Porovnali celkovo 503 povolan\u00ed a sledovali \u00famrtia na druhy rakoviny, pri ktor\u00fdch je zn\u00e1ma s\u00favislos\u0165 s ionizuj\u00facim \u017eiaren\u00edm.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledok bol prekvapuj\u00faci. Na prv\u00fdch dvoch miestach neboli pracovn\u00edci jadrov\u00e9ho priemyslu ani zdravotn\u00edci pracuj\u00faci so \u017eiaren\u00edm.<\/p>\n
Najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed podiel zaznamenali medzi palubn\u00fdmi sprievodcami, nasledovali piloti.<\/p>\n
Rakoviny spojen\u00e9 so \u017eiaren\u00edm predstavovali 6,9 percenta \u00famrt\u00ed palubn\u00fdch sprievodcov a 6,7 percenta \u00famrt\u00ed pilotov. V celej pracuj\u00facej popul\u00e1cii to bolo pribli\u017ene p\u00e4\u0165 percent. Po zoh\u013eadnen\u00ed veku, pohlavia a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch faktorov mali palubn\u00ed sprievodcovia pribli\u017ene o 50 percent vy\u0161\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165 \u00famrtia na tieto n\u00e1dory, piloti o 36 percent.<\/p>\n
Nebezpe\u010denstvo prich\u00e1dza z vesm\u00edru<\/p>\n
D\u00f4vod treba h\u013eada\u0165 vysoko nad na\u0161imi hlavami. Zem neust\u00e1le zasahuje kozmick\u00e9 ionizuj\u00face \u017eiarenie poch\u00e1dzaj\u00face zo Slnka a vzdialenej\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00ed vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n
Na povrchu plan\u00e9ty n\u00e1s pred jeho ve\u013ekou \u010das\u0165ou chr\u00e1ni atmosf\u00e9ra. Vo v\u00fd\u0161ke nad desa\u0165 kilometrov, kde sa pohybuj\u00fa dopravn\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1, je v\u0161ak atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e1 ochrana podstatne slab\u0161ia.<\/p>\n
Be\u017en\u00fd dovolenk\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd absolvuje nieko\u013eko letov ro\u010dne, sa pod\u013ea autorov \u0161t\u00fadie nemus\u00ed znepokojova\u0165. \u00daplne in\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia je pri pos\u00e1dkach, ktor\u00e9 vo vzduchu str\u00e1via stovky hod\u00edn ro\u010dne.<\/p>\n
Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face odborn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce odhaduj\u00fa pri \u010dlenoch leteck\u00fdch pos\u00e1dok priemern\u00fa ro\u010dn\u00fa d\u00e1vku kozmick\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia okolo 3 milisievertov. Ide o vy\u0161\u0161iu pracovn\u00fa expoz\u00edciu ne\u017e pri mnoh\u00fdch \u013eu\u010foch, ktor\u00ed so zdrojmi \u017eiarenia pracuj\u00fa priamo na zemi.<\/p>\n
Vedci sledovali konkr\u00e9tne druhy rakoviny<\/p>\n
V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sa nezamerali na v\u0161etky n\u00e1dory. Vybrali druhy, pri ktor\u00fdch existuj\u00fa d\u00f4kazy o s\u00favislosti s ionizuj\u00facim \u017eiaren\u00edm \u2013 okrem in\u00e9ho rakovinu prsn\u00edka, prostaty, \u0161t\u00edtnej \u017e\u013eazy, melan\u00f3m a niektor\u00e9 leuk\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledok podporila e\u0161te jedna zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 okolnos\u0165. Pri rakovin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za s\u00favisiace s ionizuj\u00facim \u017eiaren\u00edm, sa piloti a palubn\u00ed sprievodcovia medzi najrizikovej\u0161\u00edmi povolaniami neobjavili.<\/p>\n
Autori preto pova\u017euj\u00fa pracovn\u00fa expoz\u00edciu kozmick\u00e9mu \u017eiareniu za mo\u017en\u00e9 vysvetlenie zisten\u00e9ho rozdielu.<\/p>\n
Dok\u00e1za\u0165 priamu pr\u00ed\u010dinu v\u0161ak \u0161t\u00fadia nedok\u00e1\u017ee.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdskum m\u00e1 svoje limity<\/p>\n
Vedci toti\u017e nepoznali mno\u017estvo \u017eiarenia, ktor\u00e9mu bol po\u010das kari\u00e9ry vystaven\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00fd konkr\u00e9tny \u010dlovek. Pracovali s \u00fadajmi na \u00famrtn\u00fdch listoch a uveden\u00fdm obvykl\u00fdm povolan\u00edm. Nemali teda podrobn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o po\u010dte nalietan\u00fdch hod\u00edn, tras\u00e1ch ani celo\u017eivotnej d\u00e1vke \u017eiarenia.<\/p>\n
Do v\u00fdsledkov m\u00f4\u017eu vstupova\u0165 aj \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161pecifik\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce leteck\u00fdch pos\u00e1dok. \u010cast\u00e9 no\u010dn\u00e9 lety, striedanie \u010dasov\u00fdch p\u00e1siem a nar\u00fa\u0161anie prirodzen\u00e9ho cirkadi\u00e1nneho rytmu sa u\u017e dlh\u0161ie sk\u00famaj\u00fa ako mo\u017en\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Napriek tomu odborn\u00edci pova\u017euj\u00fa v\u00fdsledky za dostato\u010dne v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 na to, aby sa ot\u00e1zke pracovnej ochrany leteck\u00fdch pos\u00e1dok venovala v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia pozornos\u0165.<\/p>\n
\u017diarenie sa v USA povinne nemeria<\/p>\n
Americk\u00fd Feder\u00e1lny \u00farad pre letectvo (FAA) uzn\u00e1va vystavenie pos\u00e1dok kozmick\u00e9mu ionizuj\u00facemu \u017eiareniu. V Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch v\u0161ak pre pilotov a palubn\u00fdch sprievodcov neexistuje feder\u00e1lny limit pracovnej d\u00e1vky ani povinn\u00e9 individu\u00e1lne monitorovanie \u017eiarenia.<\/p>\n
Autori preto hovoria o potrebe lep\u0161ieho sledovania expoz\u00edcie a primeranej ochrany pos\u00e1dok.<\/p>\n
Pre be\u017en\u00fdch cestuj\u00facich v\u0161ak v\u00fdsledky nie s\u00fa d\u00f4vodom ru\u0161i\u0165 dovolenku \u010di slu\u017eobn\u00fa cestu. Samotn\u00ed autori \u0161t\u00fadie upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee ich zistenia sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed lietaj\u00fa profesion\u00e1lne cel\u00e9 roky, nie \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t do roka nast\u00fapi do lietadla.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"BOSTON \u2013 Pri slov\u00e1ch pracovn\u00e9 o\u017eiarenie si \u010dlovek zrejme predstav\u00ed jadrov\u00fa elektr\u00e1re\u0148 \u010di nemocnicu. Nov\u00fd rozsiahly v\u00fdskum v\u0161ak…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":158045,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[33,33848,1629,10330,43,40,42,36,50,745,49,48],"class_list":["post-158044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-news","tag-povolania","tag-rakovina","tag-riziko","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-vyskum","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117137202558665224","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=158044"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158044\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/158045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=158044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=158044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=158044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}