{"id":159495,"date":"2026-08-23T23:21:15","date_gmt":"2026-08-23T23:21:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/159495\/"},"modified":"2026-08-23T23:21:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T23:21:15","slug":"rusko-stupnuje-utoky-na-ekonomiku-ukrajiny-hrozi-aj-dalsia-migracia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/159495\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusko stup\u0148uje \u00fatoky na ekonomiku Ukrajiny, hroz\u00ed aj \u010fal\u0161ia migr\u00e1cia"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\t\u00dato\u010dia na ekonomick\u00e9 tepny krajiny<\/p>\n

Rusko v posledn\u00fdch mesiacoch v\u00fdrazne zosilnilo \u00fatoky na ukrajinsk\u00fa logistick\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru. Ter\u010dom s\u00fa pr\u00edstavy, sklady, distribu\u010dn\u00e9 centr\u00e1, \u017eeleznice \u010di n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 lode.<\/p>\n

Na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed posun ruskej strat\u00e9gie upozornil britsk\u00fd t\u00fd\u017edenn\u00edk The Economist<\/a>. Pod\u013ea jeho anal\u00fdzy Moskva stup\u0148uje vzdu\u0161n\u00fa kampa\u0148 proti ukrajinskej civilnej logistike s cie\u013eom sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 ekonomike \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u0161kody.<\/p>\n

Nie je to pritom iba teoretick\u00e1 hrozba. Reuters u\u017e v j\u00fali informoval, \u017ee zosilnen\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 a dronov\u00e9 \u00fatoky pripravili Ukrajinu pribli\u017ene o tretinu kapacity na v\u00fdvoz obilia cez \u010diernomorsk\u00e9 pr\u00edstavy. Mesa\u010dn\u00e1 kapacita klesla pribli\u017ene zo \u0161iestich na \u0161tyri mili\u00f3ny ton.<\/p>\n

Pre Ukrajinu ide o mimoriadne citliv\u00e9 miesto. Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske produkty s\u00fa jej najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm zdrojom dev\u00edzov\u00fdch pr\u00edjmov a viac ako 90 percent agr\u00e1rneho exportu smerovalo cez pr\u00edstavy v Odeskej oblasti.<\/p>\n

Lode prestali prich\u00e1dza\u0165<\/p>\n

Situ\u00e1cia sa odvtedy e\u0161te zhor\u0161ila.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea \u00fadajov ukrajinsk\u00e9ho ministerstva infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, ktor\u00e9 priniesla agent\u00fara Reuters, zaznamenala Ukrajina len po\u010das j\u00fala 35 \u00fatokov na lode v pr\u00edstavoch, 22 \u00fatokov na plavidl\u00e1 na mori a 67 z\u00e1sahov pr\u00edstavn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Pre porovnanie, po\u010das cel\u00e9ho roka 2025 zaznamenali 14 \u00fatokov na lode.<\/p>\n

Riziko sa stalo nato\u013eko vysok\u00fdm, \u017ee niektor\u00ed majitelia lod\u00ed prestali posiela\u0165 svoje plavidl\u00e1 do pr\u00edstavov v okol\u00ed Odesy. Takmer dva t\u00fd\u017edne tam nevpl\u00e1vala \u017eiadna lo\u010f.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4sledok sa u\u017e prejavil na ukrajinskom exporte. V prv\u00fdch dvoch augustov\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och sa v\u00fdvoz obilia medziro\u010dne prepadol o 75 percent. Ukrajina z\u00e1rove\u0148 zn\u00ed\u017eila odhad v\u00fdvozu obilia v hospod\u00e1rskom roku 2026\/2027 a\u017e o 12 percent, pri\u010dom minister po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva ako d\u00f4vod uviedol pr\u00e1ve rusk\u00e9 \u00fatoky na pr\u00edstavn\u00fd uzol v Odeskej oblasti.<\/p>\n

Kyjev preto h\u013ead\u00e1 n\u00e1hradn\u00e9 cesty. Ukrajina rokuje napr\u00edklad s Moldavskom o mo\u017enosti presmerova\u0165 \u010das\u0165 obilia na \u017eeleznicu. Pozemn\u00e9 a dunajsk\u00e9 trasy v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1\u017eu n\u00e1morn\u00fa dopravu \u00faplne nahradi\u0165.<\/p>\n

Pod tlakom je aj \u017eeleznica<\/p>\n

Rusko z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na \u010fal\u0161iu \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa dopravn\u00fa tepnu \u2013 \u017eeleznicu.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u00e9f ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tnych \u017eelezn\u00edc Oleksandr Pertsovskyj v j\u00fani pre Reuters povedal, \u017ee prudk\u00e9 zosilnenie rusk\u00fdch \u00fatokov na lokomot\u00edvy a infra\u0161trukt\u00faru \u010falej zhor\u0161ilo u\u017e aj tak v\u00e1\u017enu finan\u010dn\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu spolo\u010dnosti. \u017deleznice preto po\u017eadovali zv\u00fd\u0161enie n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch tar\u00edf najmenej o 45 percent.<\/p>\n

Vy\u0161\u0161ie ceny dopravy v\u0161ak n\u00e1sledne zasahuj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie odvetvia. Ukrajinsk\u00e9 zdru\u017eenie hutn\u00edkov varovalo, \u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zdra\u017eenie \u017eelezni\u010dnej n\u00e1kladnej dopravy by mohlo vies\u0165 k zatv\u00e1raniu podnikov a ohrozi\u0165 a\u017e 300-tis\u00edc pracovn\u00fdch miest.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve v tom spo\u010d\u00edva ekonomick\u00fd efekt \u00fatokov. Moskva nemus\u00ed cel\u00fa ukrajinsk\u00fa dopravn\u00fa sie\u0165 zni\u010di\u0165. Sta\u010d\u00ed ju po\u0161kodzova\u0165 nato\u013eko, aby bola doprava pomal\u0161ia, drah\u0161ia a menej spo\u013eahliv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Pred Ukrajinou je \u010fal\u0161ia zima<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou ve\u013ekou nezn\u00e1mou je energetika.<\/p>\n

Rusko u\u017e po\u010das uplynulej zimy systematicky \u00fato\u010dilo na ukrajinsk\u00fa energetick\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru. Pod\u013ea \u00daradu vysok\u00e9ho komis\u00e1ra OSN pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va podnikali rusk\u00e9 sily po\u010das janu\u00e1ra \u00fatoky na energetick\u00e9 zariadenia takmer denne. P\u00e4\u0165 rozsiahlych \u00fatokov zasiahlo s\u00fa\u010dasne viacero regi\u00f3nov a \u0161kody zaznamenali najmenej v 17 oblastiach krajiny a v Kyjeve.<\/p>\n

Teraz sa navy\u0161e prid\u00e1va nedostatok protivzdu\u0161nej obrany.<\/p>\n

Pri mas\u00edvnom \u00fatoku na Kyjev a jeho okolie 20. augusta Rusko op\u00e4\u0165 pou\u017eilo balistick\u00e9 aj riaden\u00e9 strely a drony. Zasiahnut\u00e9 boli okrem obytn\u00fdch budov aj priemyseln\u00e9 objekty, sklady \u010di palivov\u00e9 zariadenia. Ukrajina pritom z\u00e1pas\u00ed s v\u00e1\u017enym nedostatkom rakiet pre syst\u00e9my Patriot, ktor\u00e9 potrebuje najm\u00e4 proti balistick\u00fdm strel\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Chr\u00e1ni\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasne elektr\u00e1rne, rozvodne, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e9 uzly, pr\u00edstavy, sklady, tov\u00e1rne aj ve\u013ek\u00e9 mest\u00e1 je prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9. A pr\u00e1ve na t\u00fato slabinu m\u00f4\u017ee Rusko tla\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n

Najhor\u0161\u00ed scen\u00e1r: \u010fal\u0161ia vlna ute\u010dencov<\/p>\n

Ekonomick\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky v\u0161ak nemusia zosta\u0165 iba pri poklese exportu \u010di drah\u0161ej doprave.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00fdm z najv\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00edch riz\u00edk je \u010fal\u0161\u00ed odchod Ukrajincov do zahrani\u010dia, ak by sa Moskve podarilo spoji\u0165 ekonomick\u00fd tlak s rozsiahlym po\u0161koden\u00edm energetickej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve tak\u00fdto najhor\u0161\u00ed scen\u00e1r masovej migr\u00e1cie sa pod\u013ea zdroja z ukrajinsk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch kruhov citovan\u00e9ho t\u00fd\u017edenn\u00edkom The Economist diskutuje v Kyjeve. Nejde o predpove\u010f, \u017ee tak\u00fdto v\u00fdvoj ur\u010dite nastane, ale o riziko, s ktor\u00fdm ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00farady po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Mechanizmus je pomerne jednoduch\u00fd. Ak by \u00fatoky obmedzili export, po\u0161kodili podniky a pripravovali \u013eud\u00ed o pr\u00e1cu, zatia\u013e \u010do \u010fal\u0161ie \u00fadery na energetiku by po\u010das zimy sp\u00f4sobovali dlhodob\u00e9 v\u00fdpadky elektriny a k\u00farenia, tlak na civiln\u00e9 obyvate\u013estvo by v\u00fdrazne vzr\u00e1stol.<\/p>\n

\u017de energetick\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 migr\u00e1ciu, upozor\u0148uj\u00fa aj medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 organiz\u00e1cie. Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia pre migr\u00e1ciu (IOM) za\u010diatkom roka varovala, \u017ee prehlbuj\u00faca sa energetick\u00e1 kr\u00edza vystavuje pribli\u017ene 325-tis\u00edc Ukrajincov, ktor\u00ed sa u\u017e vr\u00e1tili domov, riziku op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho vys\u00eddlenia.<\/p>\n

UNHCR<\/a> z\u00e1rove\u0148 uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee Ukrajina po mimoriadne tvrdej zime na\u010falej \u010del\u00ed rozsiahlemu vn\u00fatorn\u00e9mu vys\u00eddleniu a pokra\u010duj\u00face \u00fatoky na b\u00fdvanie, energetiku a z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 slu\u017eby situ\u00e1ciu \u010falej komplikuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Preto nemo\u017eno vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165, \u017ee \u010fal\u0161ia mimoriadne \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1 zima by priniesla nov\u00fd pohyb obyvate\u013estva vn\u00fatri Ukrajiny a pr\u00edpadne aj smerom do zahrani\u010dia. V tejto chv\u00edli v\u0161ak neexistuje spo\u013eahliv\u00fd odhad, ko\u013eko \u013eud\u00ed by mohlo od\u00eds\u0165.<\/p>\n

Ekonomick\u00e1 vojna prebieha na obe strany<\/p>\n

Ukrajina pritom podobn\u00fa logiku \u010doraz intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie uplat\u0148uje aj proti Rusku.<\/p>\n

Kyjev v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161il \u00fatoky hlboko na ruskom \u00fazem\u00ed. Ter\u010dom s\u00fa ropn\u00e9 zariadenia, priemyseln\u00e9 podniky, pr\u00edstavy a logistick\u00e9 centr\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Associated Press<\/a> tento t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 op\u00edsala ukrajinsk\u00fa kampa\u0148 proti rusk\u00fdm skladom a logistike ako snahu zasiahnu\u0165 nielen z\u00e1sobovanie, ale aj rusk\u00fa ekonomiku a mor\u00e1lku obyvate\u013estva.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky vidie\u0165 aj pri energetike. Reuters uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee rusk\u00fd n\u00e1morn\u00fd export ropn\u00fdch produktov sa v j\u00fali medzimesa\u010dne prepadol pribli\u017ene o tretinu, pri\u010dom jednou z hlavn\u00fdch pr\u00ed\u010din boli odst\u00e1vky rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed po ukrajinsk\u00fdch dronov\u00fdch \u00fatokoch.<\/p>\n

V prvej polovici augusta bol export ropy zo z\u00e1padorusk\u00fdch pr\u00edstavov pribli\u017ene 15 percent pod pl\u00e1nom, najm\u00e4 pre probl\u00e9my v Novorossijsku sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00fdmi \u00fatokmi.<\/p>\n

Cie\u013eom nemus\u00ed by\u0165 \u00fapln\u00e1 blok\u00e1da<\/p>\n

Tvrdenie, \u017ee Rusko dok\u00e1\u017ee Ukrajinu \u00faplne \u201eekonomicky odreza\u0165\u201c, by bolo pr\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00e9. Krajina m\u00e1 pozemn\u00e9 spojenie s Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e9 trasy aj dopravu cez Dunaj.<\/p>\n

\u00datoky v\u0161ak u\u017e teraz ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee na sp\u00f4sobenie v\u00e1\u017enych ekonomick\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4d \u00fapln\u00e1 blok\u00e1da ani nie je potrebn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Sta\u010d\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 cenu dopravy, odradi\u0165 lode od vstupu do pr\u00edstavov, obmedzi\u0165 export, po\u0161kodzova\u0165 sklady a \u017eeleznice a prin\u00fati\u0165 Ukrajinu rozde\u013eova\u0165 obmedzen\u00e9 syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161nej obrany medzi \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det cie\u013eov.<\/p>\n

Ak sa k tomu v zime op\u00e4\u0165 pridaj\u00fa rozsiahle \u00fatoky na energetiku, tlak nebude c\u00edti\u0165 iba \u0161t\u00e1tna pokladnica \u010di ukrajinsk\u00e9 firmy.<\/p>\n

Poc\u00edtia ho predov\u0161etk\u00fdm oby\u010dajn\u00ed \u013eudia. A pr\u00e1ve ich odolnos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 jedn\u00fdm z cie\u013eov ruskej strat\u00e9gie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00dato\u010dia na ekonomick\u00e9 tepny krajiny Rusko v posledn\u00fdch mesiacoch v\u00fdrazne zosilnilo \u00fatoky na ukrajinsk\u00fa logistick\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru. Ter\u010dom s\u00fa…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":159496,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[5217,46618,33,22399,44116,237,43,40,42,36,50,303,788,49,48,3220],"class_list":["post-159495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-migracia","tag-nakladne-lode","tag-news","tag-obilie","tag-pristavy","tag-rusko","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-ukrajina","tag-utoky","tag-world","tag-world-news","tag-zeleznica"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117147394749713708","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=159495"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159495\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/159496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=159495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=159495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=159495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}