{"id":160642,"date":"2026-08-25T07:32:08","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T07:32:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/160642\/"},"modified":"2026-08-25T07:32:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T07:32:08","slug":"cakajte-zdrazovanie-energii-aj-paliv-eu-nas-potresta-za-neekologicke-spravanie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/160642\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cakajte zdra\u017eovanie energi\u00ed aj pal\u00edv. E\u00da n\u00e1s potrest\u00e1 za neekologick\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania (E\u00da) pripravuje nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m obchodovania s emisn\u00fdmi kv\u00f3tami s n\u00e1zvom ETS2, ktor\u00fd bol schv\u00e1len\u00fd v r\u00e1mci rev\u00edzie smernice o ETS. Na rozdiel od doteraj\u0161ieho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd sa s\u00fastredil najm\u00e4 na ve\u013ek\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 podniky a energetiku, novinka pokryje emisie oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho zo spa\u013eovania pal\u00edv v budov\u00e1ch, cestnej doprave a men\u0161om priemysle.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Doteraj\u0161ie zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed v t\u00fdchto odvetviach toti\u017e nesta\u010dilo na to, aby Eur\u00f3pa mohla splni\u0165 svoj cie\u013e, teda dosiahnu\u0165 klimatick\u00fa neutralitu do roku 2050. Nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m tak dopln\u00ed ciele Zelenej dohody a pom\u00f4\u017ee \u010dlensk\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom plni\u0165 ich n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 emisn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u00e4zky.<\/p>\n

Ako to bude fungova\u0165<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m ETS2 sa naplno rozbehne v roku 2028 a bude fungova\u0165 na princ\u00edpe stanoven\u00e9ho emisn\u00e9ho stropu a obchodovania. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd rozdiel oproti in\u00fdm pravidl\u00e1m je v tom, \u017ee povinnosti sa po novom prenes\u00fa na dod\u00e1vate\u013eov pal\u00edv<\/a>, a nie priamo na be\u017en\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti \u010di vodi\u010dov \u00e1ut. Bud\u00fa musie\u0165 monitorova\u0165 svoje emisie, vykazova\u0165 ich a n\u00e1sledne nakupova\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo povoleniek v aukci\u00e1ch. Slovo \u201epriamo\u201c je v tomto kontexte ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, no o tom trochu nesk\u00f4r.<\/p>\n

V\u0161etky emisn\u00e9 kv\u00f3ty v novom syst\u00e9me sa bud\u00fa pred\u00e1va\u0165 v\u00fdhradne formou aukci\u00ed. Emisn\u00fd strop je pritom nastaven\u00fd tak, aby do roku 2030 zn\u00ed\u017eil celkov\u00fd objem emisi\u00ed v dan\u00fdch sektoroch o 42 percent, presnej\u0161ie v porovnan\u00ed s rokom 2005. \u010clensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty bud\u00fa musie\u0165 v\u0161etky z\u00edskan\u00e9 peniaze z t\u00fdchto aukci\u00ed povinne pou\u017ei\u0165 na klimatick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1lne opatrenia. O ich konkr\u00e9tnom vyu\u017eit\u00ed bud\u00fa predklada\u0165 pravideln\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n

Klimatick\u00fd fond a pomoc pre zranite\u013en\u00fdch<\/p>\n

S\u00fabe\u017ene so syst\u00e9mom ETS2 vznik\u00e1 aj nov\u00fd Soci\u00e1lny klimatick\u00fd fond, ktor\u00e9ho hlavnou \u00falohou je zmierni\u0165 soci\u00e1lne a ekonomick\u00e9 dopady na obyvate\u013estvo. M\u00e1 zaisti\u0165 spravodliv\u00fd prechod a pom\u00f4c\u0165 zranite\u013en\u00fdm dom\u00e1cnostiam \u010di mikropodnikom, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa najviac ohrozen\u00e9 energetickou a dopravnou chudobou.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Fond pom\u00f4\u017ee financova\u0165 napr\u00edklad zatep\u013eovanie budov, \u010dist\u00e9 vykurovanie, chladenie, pr\u00edstup k bezemisn\u00fdm vozidl\u00e1m \u010di udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fa mobilitu. \u010cas\u0165 pe\u0148az\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 aj na priamu do\u010dasn\u00fa podporu pr\u00edjmov.<\/p>\n

\"vykurovanie,<\/p>\n

\t\tIlustr. obr. | Zdroj: Depositphotos<\/a><\/p>\n

Fond bude financovan\u00fd z v\u00fdnosov aukci\u00ed syst\u00e9mu ETS2 a z 50 mili\u00f3nov povoleniek z existuj\u00faceho syst\u00e9mu ETS. Spolu s povinn\u00fdm 25-percentn\u00fdm spolufinancovan\u00edm zo strany \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov m\u00e1 fond v rokoch 2026 a\u017e 2032 zmobilizova\u0165 najmenej 86,7 miliardy eur. Aby v\u0161ak \u0161t\u00e1ty mohli tieto peniaze z\u00edska\u0165, musia pripravi\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 Soci\u00e1lne klimatick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny po konzult\u00e1cii s miestnymi org\u00e1nmi a soci\u00e1lnymi partnermi. Eur\u00f3pska komisia tieto pl\u00e1ny pos\u00fadi a platby uvo\u013en\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti od plnenia stanoven\u00fdch cie\u013eov.<\/p>\n

E\u00da s\u013eubuje postupn\u00fd a plynul\u00fd n\u00e1beh<\/p>\n

Cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m je navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby od\u0161tartoval postupne, plynulo a bez zbyto\u010dn\u00fdch trhov\u00fdch \u0161okov. V\u0161etko sa za\u010d\u00edna povinn\u00fdm monitorovan\u00edm a nahlasovan\u00edm emisi\u00ed, pri\u010dom pre rok 2028 sa do aukci\u00ed uvo\u013en\u00ed o 30 percent vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed objem povoleniek, ke\u010f\u017ee treba zabezpe\u010di\u0165 likviditu. Trh bude chr\u00e1nen\u00fd \u0161peci\u00e1lnou rezervou stability, ktor\u00e1 zabr\u00e1ni nedostatku alebo naopak prebytku povoleniek na trhu.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon obsahuje aj priamu cenov\u00fa brzdu, ktor\u00e1 bude platn\u00e1 prv\u00e9 dva roky plnej prev\u00e1dzky. Ak by cena povolenky prekro\u010dila hranicu 45 eur (v cen\u00e1ch z roku 2020 o\u010disten\u00fdch o infl\u00e1ciu), z rezervy stability sa automaticky uvo\u013enia \u010fal\u0161ie povolenky na zrazenie ceny. Dodato\u010dn\u00e9 povolenky sa m\u00f4\u017eu uvo\u013eni\u0165 aj v pr\u00edpade, ak by ich trhov\u00e1 cena r\u00e1stla pr\u00edli\u0161 prudko.<\/p>\n

Ro\u010dn\u00fd cyklus pravidiel<\/p>\n

Dod\u00e1vatelia pal\u00edv a energi\u00ed musia dodr\u017eiava\u0165 pr\u00edsny ro\u010dn\u00fd harmonogram sledovania a vykazovania emisi\u00ed. U\u017e od 1. janu\u00e1ra 2025 museli ma\u0165 dotknut\u00e9 subjekty povolenie na emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov a schv\u00e1len\u00fd pl\u00e1n monitorovania. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok do 30. apr\u00edla musia predlo\u017ei\u0165 spr\u00e1vu o emisi\u00e1ch za predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci rok. Tieto \u00fadaje musia by\u0165 overen\u00e9 nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm overovate\u013eom.<\/p>\n

Od roku 2028 potom nast\u00fapi posledn\u00e1 f\u00e1za cel\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu. Po predlo\u017een\u00ed a overen\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00fdch emisi\u00ed bud\u00fa musie\u0165 regulovan\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti odovzda\u0165 zodpovedaj\u00faci po\u010det nak\u00fapen\u00fdch povoleniek, a to v\u017edy najnesk\u00f4r do 31. m\u00e1ja nasleduj\u00faceho roka.<\/p>\n

H\u00e1\u010dik je v tom, ako funguje biznis<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 legislat\u00edva uklad\u00e1 povinnos\u0165 nakupova\u0165 a vykazova\u0165 povolenky ve\u013ek\u00fdm distrib\u00fatorom pal\u00edv a energi\u00ed. No tu sa vraciame k tomu spom\u00ednan\u00e9mu slovu \u201epriamo\u201c. Vzh\u013eadom na to, ako funguje ekonomika podniku, treba r\u00e1ta\u0165 s t\u00fdm, \u017ee \u010das\u0165 alebo rovno cel\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00e1 \u0165archa sa napokon prenesie na kone\u010dn\u00fdch spotrebite\u013eov. ETS2 sa teda ur\u010dite dotkne aj be\u017en\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, no nepriamo.<\/p>\n

Firmy, \u010do s\u00fa aj dod\u00e1vatelia pal\u00edv a energi\u00ed, prirodzene funguj\u00fa za \u00fa\u010delom tvorby zisku, tak\u017ee emisn\u00e9 kv\u00f3ty nebud\u00fa dotova\u0165 zo svojich mar\u017e\u00ed. N\u00e1klad na n\u00e1kup povoleniek jednoducho za\u010dlenia do cenotvorby, ve\u013emi podobne, ako dnes v cen\u00e1ch pal\u00edv a energi\u00ed funguj\u00fa spotrebn\u00e9 dane \u010di DPH<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u010co to znamen\u00e1? Pokia\u013e ide o pohonn\u00e9 hmoty a dopravu, treba ma\u0165 na pam\u00e4ti, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd liter sp\u00e1len\u00e9ho benz\u00ednu alebo nafty vyprodukuje merate\u013en\u00e9 mno\u017estvo oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Dan\u00fd dod\u00e1vate\u013e bude musie\u0165 na tento objem emisi\u00ed k\u00fapi\u0165 povolenku, pri\u010dom v\u00fdsledn\u00fa sumu priamo zapo\u010d\u00edta do koncovej ceny. Inak povedan\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ia bude trhov\u00e1 cena povolenky, t\u00fdm viac zaplat\u00edme za ka\u017ed\u00fd liter.<\/p>\n

\"tankovanie,<\/p>\n

\t\tIlustr. obr. | Zdroj: Depositphotos<\/a><\/p>\n

Vy\u0161\u0161ie platby v\u0161ak zasiahnu najm\u00e4 dom\u00e1cnosti, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa fos\u00edlne zdroje, \u010di\u017ee zemn\u00fd plyn, uhlie alebo vykurovacie oleje, na vykurovanie a ohrev vody. Dod\u00e1vatelia plynu zahrn\u00fa cenu emisn\u00fdch kv\u00f3t do svojich tar\u00edf. Rodinn\u00e9 domy s plynov\u00fdmi kotlami alebo bytov\u00e9 domy s vlastn\u00fdmi plynov\u00fdmi kotol\u0148ami si v\u0161imn\u00fa n\u00e1rast priamo na ro\u010dnom vy\u00fa\u010dtovan\u00ed n\u00e1kladov na b\u00fdvanie.<\/p>\n

Do istej miery dobrou spr\u00e1vou v\u0161ak je, \u017ee E\u00da s t\u00fdm r\u00e1ta. Preto nastavila viacero ochrann\u00fdch mechanizmov. Trhov\u00e1 poistka s cenov\u00fdm stropom na \u00farovni 45 eur za tonu CO2 m\u00e1 zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 tomu, aby ceny energi\u00ed a pal\u00edv skokovo vystrelili do extr\u00e9mov hne\u010f v prv\u00fdch rokoch. Druh\u00fdm pilierom ochrany je Soci\u00e1lny klimatick\u00fd fond. Ten m\u00e1 vr\u00e1ti\u0165 vyzbieran\u00e9 miliardy eur z emisn\u00fdch aukci\u00ed sp\u00e4\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom, a to vo forme cielen\u00fdch dot\u00e1ci\u00ed. \u0160t\u00e1ty bud\u00fa tieto peniaze vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na podporu zatep\u013eovania rodinn\u00fdch domov, v\u00fdmenu star\u00fdch plynov\u00fdch \u010di uho\u013en\u00fdch kotlov za obnovite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje energie (napr\u00edklad tepeln\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1 a fotovoltiku) a na rozvoj dostupnej verejnej dopravy.<\/p>\n

O ko\u013eko presne si priplat\u00edme zatia\u013e nie je zn\u00e1me, ke\u010f\u017ee podniky bud\u00fa prir\u00e1\u017eky rie\u0161i\u0165 operat\u00edvne. Je ale takmer ist\u00e9, \u017ee nejak\u00e9 to zdra\u017eenie, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u010di men\u0161ie, poc\u00edtime.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania (E\u00da) pripravuje nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m obchodovania s emisn\u00fdmi kv\u00f3tami s n\u00e1zvom ETS2, ktor\u00fd bol schv\u00e1len\u00fd v r\u00e1mci…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":160643,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[9803,64,735,65,66,16865,917,21589,57,13870,10834,46795,43,40,39,42,41,46796,8649,13997],"class_list":["post-160642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-ekonomika","tag-aukcia","tag-business","tag-ceny","tag-economic","tag-ekonomika","tag-emisie","tag-energie","tag-ets2","tag-eu","tag-naklady","tag-paliva","tag-povolenky","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovakia","tag-slovencina","tag-slovensko","tag-socialny-klimaticky-fond","tag-tankovanie","tag-vykurovanie"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117154987935002326","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=160642"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160642\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/160643"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=160642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=160642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=160642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}