LOND\u00ddN \u2013 Voda a bat\u00e9rie zvy\u010dajne nejd\u00fa dokopy. Vedci v\u0161ak tentoraz urobili presn\u00fd opak toho, \u010do sa pri v\u00fdrobe be\u017ene rob\u00ed \u2013 vodu z materi\u00e1lu neodstr\u00e1nili. V\u00fdsledok ich prekvapil. Sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria dok\u00e1zala ulo\u017ei\u0165 takmer dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo n\u00e1boja a navy\u0161e sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee podobn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia by v bud\u00facnosti mohla pom\u00e1ha\u0165 premie\u0148a\u0165 slan\u00fa vodu na sladk\u00fa.<\/p>\n
L\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie dnes poh\u00e1\u0148aj\u00fa smartf\u00f3ny, notebooky \u010di elektromobily a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa aj na skladovanie elektrickej energie. L\u00edtium a niektor\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie materi\u00e1ly potrebn\u00e9 na ich v\u00fdrobu v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 drah\u00e9 a ich z\u00edskavanie predstavuje environment\u00e1lnu z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e. Vedci preto u\u017e dlh\u0161ie sk\u00famaj\u00fa alternat\u00edvu v podobe sod\u00edka, ktor\u00fd je ove\u013ea dostupnej\u0161\u00ed a nach\u00e1dza sa napr\u00edklad v morskej vode \u010di lo\u017eisk\u00e1ch soli. Probl\u00e9mom zost\u00e1val najm\u00e4 v\u00fdkon sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Ako informoval port\u00e1l ScienceDaily, v\u00fdskumn\u00edci z University of Surrey teraz pri\u0161li na prekvapivo jednoduch\u00fa \u00fapravu, ktor\u00e1 by mohla ich mo\u017enosti v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161i\u0165. Zistili, \u017ee materi\u00e1l na b\u00e1ze sod\u00edka funguje podstatne lep\u0161ie, ke\u010f v \u0148om ponechaj\u00fa prirodzene pr\u00edtomn\u00fa vodu. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdskumu boli publikovan\u00e9 v odbornom \u010dasopise Journal of Materials Chemistry A.<\/p>\n
Vodu z materi\u00e1lu tentoraz neodstr\u00e1nili<\/p>\n
V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sk\u00famali materi\u00e1l naz\u00fdvan\u00fd nanostrukt\u00farovan\u00fd hydr\u00e1t vanadi\u010dnanu sodn\u00e9ho (NVOH). Molekuly vody s\u00fa prirodzenou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou jeho \u0161trukt\u00fary, no pri v\u00fdrobe bat\u00e9riov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov sa vlhkos\u0165 \u010dasto pova\u017euje za ne\u017eiaducu a odstra\u0148uje sa tepeln\u00fdm spracovan\u00edm.<\/p>\n
Vedci sa rozhodli tento zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd postup spochybni\u0165. Namiesto odstr\u00e1nenia vody ju v materi\u00e1li ponechali a n\u00e1sledne sledovali, ako ovplyvn\u00ed jeho vlastnosti. V\u00fdsledok bol v\u00fdrazn\u00fd \u2013 materi\u00e1l dok\u00e1zal ulo\u017ei\u0165 viac n\u00e1boja, r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie sa nab\u00edjal a spo\u013eahlivo fungoval po\u010das viac ako 400 nab\u00edjac\u00edch cyklov.<\/p>\n
Kapacita bola takmer dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e1<\/p>\n
V laborat\u00f3rnych testoch dok\u00e1zala verzia obsahuj\u00faca vodu ulo\u017ei\u0165 takmer dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo n\u00e1boja v porovnan\u00ed s typick\u00fdmi sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi. Zaradila sa tak medzi najv\u00fdkonnej\u0161ie kat\u00f3dov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, ak\u00e9 boli pri tomto type bat\u00e9ri\u00ed zaznamenan\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Ved\u00faci autor v\u00fdskumu Daniel Commandeur priznal, \u017ee v\u00fdsledok vedcov prekvapil. Vanadi\u010dnan sodn\u00fd je zn\u00e1my u\u017e roky, no v\u00fdskumn\u00edci ho zvy\u010dajne tepelne upravovali pr\u00e1ve preto, aby sa vody zbavili. Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee v tomto pr\u00edpade mohol zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd postup odstra\u0148ova\u0165 pr\u00e1ve zlo\u017eku, ktor\u00e1 materi\u00e1lu pom\u00e1ha.<\/p>\n
Fungoval dokonca aj v slanej vode<\/p>\n
T\u00fdm sa v\u0161ak experiment neskon\u010dil. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci n\u00e1sledne materi\u00e1l vlo\u017eili do slanej vody, ktor\u00e1 predstavuje pre bat\u00e9riov\u00e9 komponenty n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie. M\u00f4\u017ee toti\u017e vyvol\u00e1va\u0165 ne\u017eiaduce chemick\u00e9 reakcie a komplikova\u0165 pohyb i\u00f3nov.<\/p>\n
NVOH napriek tomu pokra\u010doval v efekt\u00edvnom fungovan\u00ed. Vedci si navy\u0161e v\u0161imli \u010fal\u0161\u00ed zauj\u00edmav\u00fd jav \u2013 syst\u00e9m za\u010dal z vody odstra\u0148ova\u0165 rozpusten\u00fa so\u013e. Sod\u00edkov\u00fd materi\u00e1l zachyt\u00e1val sod\u00edk a grafitov\u00e1 elektr\u00f3da chlorid.<\/p>\n
Ide o proces zn\u00e1my ako elektrochemick\u00e9 odso\u013eovanie, pri ktorom sa pomocou elektrick\u00fdch reakci\u00ed odstra\u0148uj\u00fa z vody nabit\u00e9 \u010dastice soli.<\/p>\n
Bat\u00e9ria by mohla vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 aj sladk\u00fa vodu<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1ve tento v\u00fdsledok otv\u00e1ra zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti do bud\u00facnosti. Vedci si predstavuj\u00fa zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 by dok\u00e1zali plni\u0165 dve \u00falohy s\u00fa\u010dasne \u2013 uklada\u0165 elektrick\u00fa energiu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 odso\u013eova\u0165 morsk\u00fa vodu.<\/p>\n
Teoreticky by tak napr\u00edklad syst\u00e9m napojen\u00fd na sol\u00e1rne panely \u010di vetern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne mohol uklada\u0165 vyroben\u00fa energiu a s\u00fa\u010dasne pom\u00e1ha\u0165 produkova\u0165 sladk\u00fa vodu. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 by to mohlo by\u0165 najm\u00e4 pre pobre\u017en\u00e9 oblasti s nedostatkom pitnej vody, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa z\u00e1rove\u0148 dobr\u00e9 podmienky na v\u00fdrobu energie z obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov.<\/p>\n
Na vyu\u017eitie v praxi si e\u0161te po\u010dk\u00e1me<\/p>\n
V\u00fdskumn\u00edci v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee technol\u00f3gia je st\u00e1le v po\u010diato\u010dnej f\u00e1ze. V\u00fdsledky poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z laborat\u00f3rnych experimentov a bude potrebn\u00fd \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum, k\u00fdm bude mo\u017en\u00e9 hovori\u0165 o komer\u010dn\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00e1ch alebo ve\u013ek\u00fdch zariadeniach na odso\u013eovanie vody.<\/p>\n
Objav v\u0161ak ukazuje, ak\u00fd v\u00fdznam m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 spochybnenie aj dlho zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch postupov. V tomto pr\u00edpade vedci namiesto pridania komplikovanej novej technol\u00f3gie jednoducho prestali odstra\u0148ova\u0165 vodu \u2013 a z\u00edskali materi\u00e1l s v\u00fdrazne lep\u0161\u00edmi vlastnos\u0165ami. Ak sa v\u00fdsledky podar\u00ed prenies\u0165 do praxe, sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie by v bud\u00facnosti mohli predstavova\u0165 dostupnej\u0161iu alternat\u00edvu k l\u00edtiov\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m a z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1js\u0165 vyu\u017eitie aj pri z\u00edskavan\u00ed sladkej vody.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"LOND\u00ddN \u2013 Voda a bat\u00e9rie zvy\u010dajne nejd\u00fa dokopy. Vedci v\u0161ak tentoraz urobili presn\u00fd opak toho, \u010do sa pri…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":162832,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[16190,47149,33,43,40,42,47148,36,50,5343,3106,49,48],"class_list":["post-162831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-bateria","tag-litium-ionove-baterie","tag-news","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-sodikovo-ionova-bateria","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-vedci","tag-voda","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117166968974885556","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162831\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/162832"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}