WASHINGTON \u2013 Pozn\u00e1te ten zvl\u00e1\u0161tny pocit, ke\u010f v\u00e1s zdanlivo bez pr\u00ed\u010diny za\u010dne svrbie\u0165 poko\u017eka? Vedci zrejme kone\u010dne pri\u0161li na to, \u010do sa vtedy v tele deje. Objavili doteraz nezn\u00e1mu nervov\u00fa dr\u00e1hu spojen\u00fa s jemn\u00fdmi ch\u013apkami na ko\u017ei. Zistenie by v bud\u00facnosti mohlo pom\u00f4c\u0165 aj \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00fdch tr\u00e1pi chronick\u00e9 svrbenie \u010di ekz\u00e9m.<\/p>\n
Sta\u010d\u00ed jemn\u00fd dotyk l\u00e1tky, vlasu alebo in\u00e9ho predmetu a zrazu m\u00e1me potrebu po\u0161kriaba\u0165 sa. Hoci ide o \u00faplne be\u017en\u00fd pocit, vedci doteraz presne nevedeli, ako tento typ svrbenia vznik\u00e1. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z University of Michigan teraz objavili \u0161pecializovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m jemn\u00fdch ch\u013apkov a nervov\u00fdch buniek, ktor\u00fd zrejme funguje ako samostatn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha pre takzvan\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 svrbenie. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdskumu boli publikovan\u00e9 vo vedeckom \u010dasopise Neuron.<\/p>\n
Za v\u0161etko m\u00f4\u017eu jemn\u00e9 ch\u013apky<\/p>\n
Ako informoval port\u00e1l ScienceDaily, v\u00fdskumn\u00edci pri pokusoch na my\u0161iach identifikovali zvl\u00e1\u0161tny typ jemn\u00fdch ch\u013apkov pripom\u00ednaj\u00facich \u013eudsk\u00e9 vellusov\u00e9 ochlpenie, ktor\u00e9 pozn\u00e1me aj ako jemn\u00e9 \u201ebrosky\u0148ov\u00e9\u201c ch\u013apky. S\u00fa kr\u00e1tke, tenk\u00e9 a svetl\u00e9 a pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela.<\/p>\n
Vedci z\u00e1rove\u0148 objavili \u0161pecializovan\u00fa skupinu nervov\u00fdch buniek citliv\u00fdch na dotyk, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s t\u00fdmito ch\u013apkami spojen\u00e9. Pr\u00e1ve ich podr\u00e1\u017edenie m\u00f4\u017ee spusti\u0165 nepr\u00edjemn\u00fd pocit svrbenia.<\/p>\n
Ved\u00faci v\u00fdskumu Bo Duan, docent na University of Michigan, vysvetlil, \u017ee svrbenie patr\u00ed medzi hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky chronick\u00fdch z\u00e1palov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed ko\u017ee. Nov\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha pod\u013ea neho m\u00f4\u017ee zohr\u00e1va\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu nielen pri n\u00e1hlom, ale aj chronickom svrben\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pokusy priniesli v\u00fdrazn\u00fd v\u00fdsledok<\/p>\n
V\u00fdskumn\u00edci svoje zistenia testovali na my\u0161iach s chronick\u00fdm z\u00e1palom ko\u017ee, ktor\u00fd je porovnate\u013en\u00fd s ekz\u00e9mom u \u013eud\u00ed. Zvierat\u00e1 s norm\u00e1lne funguj\u00facimi \u0161pecializovan\u00fdmi neur\u00f3nmi reagovali na svrbenie \u0161kraban\u00edm.<\/p>\n
Ke\u010f v\u0161ak vedci tieto nervov\u00e9 bunky odstr\u00e1nili alebo ich \u010dinnos\u0165 vypli, \u0161krabanie sa dramaticky zn\u00ed\u017eilo. Pod\u013ea v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov ide o siln\u00fd d\u00f4kaz, \u017ee objaven\u00e9 neur\u00f3ny maj\u00fa pri vzniku mechanick\u00e9ho svrbenia z\u00e1sadn\u00fa \u00falohu.<\/p>\n
Zauj\u00edmav\u00fd bol aj \u010fal\u0161\u00ed experiment. Vedci geneticky upravili pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 nervov\u00e9 bunky tak, aby ich bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 aktivova\u0165 modr\u00fdm svetlom. Ke\u010f n\u00e1sledne na my\u0161i zasvietili, zvierat\u00e1 sa za\u010dali \u0161kriaba\u0165 podobne ako po mechanickom podr\u00e1\u017eden\u00ed jemn\u00fdch ch\u013apkov.<\/p>\n
Podobn\u00fd syst\u00e9m m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 aj \u013eudia<\/p>\n
V\u00fdskum zatia\u013e prebiehal najm\u00e4 na my\u0161iach, preto vedci nem\u00f4\u017eu s istotou poveda\u0165, \u017ee \u00faplne rovnak\u00fd mechanizmus funguje aj u \u010dloveka. Na\u0161li v\u0161ak viacero n\u00e1znakov, ktor\u00e9 tomu nasved\u010duj\u00fa.<\/p>\n
\u013dudia maj\u00fa g\u00e9ny potrebn\u00e9 na vytvorenie rovnak\u00e9ho typu \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch neur\u00f3nov. Vedci navy\u0161e identifikovali prote\u00edny, ktor\u00e9 u my\u0161\u00ed pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa sign\u00e1ly svrbenia od ch\u013apkov cez neur\u00f3ny a\u017e<\/p>\n
do miechy. Ke\u010f rovnak\u00fdm prote\u00ednom vystavili \u013eudsk\u00e9 neur\u00f3ny pestovan\u00e9 v laborat\u00f3riu, bunky reagovali podobn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n
Fenom\u00e9n si pritom m\u00f4\u017ee jednoducho vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 prakticky ka\u017ed\u00fd. Ak sa ve\u013emi jemne dotknete drobn\u00fdch ch\u013apkov napr\u00edklad v okol\u00ed pier, m\u00f4\u017eete poc\u00edti\u0165 n\u00e1hle nutkanie po\u0161kriaba\u0165 sa. Pr\u00e1ve tento jav vedci sk\u00famali.<\/p>\n
Pre\u010do n\u00e1s potom nesvrb\u00ed cel\u00e9 telo?<\/p>\n
Jemn\u00e9 ch\u013apky pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa takmer cel\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 telo s v\u00fdnimkou oblast\u00ed, ako s\u00fa dlane. Ak dok\u00e1\u017eu vyvol\u00e1va\u0165 svrbenie, vznik\u00e1 logick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka \u2013 pre\u010do n\u00e1s poko\u017eka nesvrb\u00ed neust\u00e1le?<\/p>\n
Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci v\u00fdskum Duanovho t\u00edmu nazna\u010duje, \u017ee v mieche existuj\u00fa ak\u00e9si \u201ebr\u00e1ny\u201c, ktor\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly mechanick\u00e9ho svrbenia za norm\u00e1lnych okolnost\u00ed potl\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa. Do mozgu ich pustia iba za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podmienok.<\/p>\n
Vedci sa z\u00e1rove\u0148 domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee jemn\u00e9 ch\u013apky mohli po\u010das evol\u00facie sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako varovn\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ve\u013ea ich m\u00e1me okolo \u00fast a u\u0161\u00ed, kde mohli na\u0161ich predkov upozorni\u0165 napr\u00edklad na hmyz alebo parazita pohybuj\u00faceho sa po citlivej \u010dasti tela.<\/p>\n
Objav m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri chronickom svrben\u00ed<\/p>\n
Zistenie m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 v bud\u00facnosti aj praktick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 lie\u010debn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti dok\u00e1\u017eu pomerne dobre tlmi\u0165 niektor\u00e9 formy svrbenia sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 chemick\u00fdmi podnetmi, napr\u00edklad po u\u0161tipnut\u00ed kom\u00e1rom. Ove\u013ea n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie je v\u0161ak lie\u010di\u0165 pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00face svrbenie sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00face chronick\u00e9 z\u00e1palov\u00e9 ochorenia ko\u017ee.<\/p>\n
Novoodhalen\u00e1 nervov\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha preto predstavuje potenci\u00e1lny nov\u00fd cie\u013e lie\u010dby. Vedci u\u017e pokra\u010duj\u00fa vo v\u00fdskume a zis\u0165uj\u00fa, \u010di by jej ovplyvnenie mohlo v bud\u00facnosti prinies\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161iu pomoc pacientom s chronick\u00fdm svrben\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"WASHINGTON \u2013 Pozn\u00e1te ten zvl\u00e1\u0161tny pocit, ke\u010f v\u00e1s zdanlivo bez pr\u00ed\u010diny za\u010dne svrbie\u0165 poko\u017eka? Vedci zrejme kone\u010dne pri\u0161li…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":164840,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[47466,33,5887,43,40,42,36,50,47467,5343,49,48],"class_list":["post-164839","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-chlpky","tag-news","tag-objav","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-svrbenie-pokozky","tag-vedci","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117180338303811469","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164839","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=164839"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164839\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/164840"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=164839"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=164839"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=164839"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}