{"id":17039,"date":"2026-03-12T20:40:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T20:40:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/17039\/"},"modified":"2026-03-12T20:40:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T20:40:14","slug":"vedci-sto-rokov-tusili-kde-vznika-rakovina-umela-inteligencia-teraz-dokaze-najst-uplne-prvu-chybnu-bunku-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/17039\/","title":{"rendered":"Vedci sto rokov tu\u0161ili, kde vznik\u00e1 rakovina. Umel\u00e1 inteligencia teraz dok\u00e1\u017ee n\u00e1js\u0165 \u00faplne prv\u00fa chybn\u00fa bunku | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rakovina nevznikne n\u00e1hle. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina n\u00e1dorov sa za\u010dne mal\u00fdmi chybami v genetickej inform\u00e1cii buniek. Ke\u010f sa tieto chyby nahromadia, bunka strat\u00ed kontrolu nad delen\u00edm a za\u010dne r\u00e1s\u0165 nekontrolovane.<\/p>\n

Vedci sa tento proces sna\u017eia pochopi\u0165 u\u017e viac ne\u017e sto rokov. Teraz do v\u00fdskumu vst\u00fapil nov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, umel\u00e1 inteligencia, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee medzi tis\u00edckami buniek n\u00e1js\u0165 tie, v ktor\u00fdch sa objavili prv\u00e9 varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n

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Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
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V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) vytvorili syst\u00e9m s n\u00e1zvom MAGIC, ktor\u00fd automaticky vyh\u013ead\u00e1 bunky s genetick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami spojen\u00fdmi so vznikom rakoviny, informuje Science Daily.<\/a><\/p>\n

Vedci maj\u00fa podozrenie u\u017e sto rokov, no ch\u00fdbali d\u00f4kazy<\/p>\n

My\u0161lienka, \u017ee rakovina s\u00favis\u00ed s po\u0161koden\u00fdmi chromoz\u00f3mami, nie je nov\u00e1. U\u017e na za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia ju navrhol nemeck\u00fd biol\u00f3g Theodor Boveri. Po pozorovan\u00ed buniek pod mikroskopom dospel k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee nespr\u00e1vny po\u010det alebo po\u0161kodenie chromoz\u00f3mov m\u00f4\u017ee spusti\u0165 proces, ktor\u00fd vedie k vzniku n\u00e1doru.<\/p>\n

Dnes vedci vedia, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 agres\u00edvne typy rakoviny skuto\u010dne s\u00favisia s tak\u00fdmito genetick\u00fdmi poruchami.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
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\"Tvoje\"Tvoje <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPopul\u00e1rna spravodajsk\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia pre iOS a Android dostala ve\u013ek\u00fa aktualiz\u00e1ciu. Pribudlo mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed\u0161 vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 <\/p>\n

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\u201eChromoz\u00f3mov\u00e9 abnormality patria medzi hlavn\u00e9 faktory pri obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 agres\u00edvnych n\u00e1doroch,\u201c vysvetlil ved\u00faci v\u00fdskumu Jan Korbel z EMBL: \u201eS\u00fa \u00fazko spojen\u00e9 s metast\u00e1zami, n\u00e1vratom ochorenia aj odolnos\u0165ou vo\u010di chemoterapii.\u201c<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m v\u0161ak spo\u010d\u00edval v tom, \u017ee tak\u00e9to bunky sa v popul\u00e1cii objavuj\u00fa len zriedka. Vedci ich preto museli vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u0165 manu\u00e1lne pod mikroskopom. Tento proces umo\u017enil presk\u00fama\u0165 len mal\u00e9 mno\u017estvo buniek.<\/p>\n

Zmena v drobnom komponente bunky m\u00f4\u017ee predstavova\u0165 varovn\u00fd sign\u00e1l<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch varovn\u00fdch sign\u00e1lov je \u00fatvar naz\u00fdvan\u00fd mikrojadro. Ide o mal\u00fd oddelen\u00fd priestor v bunke, ktor\u00fd obsahuje fragment DNA oddelen\u00fd od hlavn\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Tak\u00e9to mikrojadr\u00e1 \u010dasto vznikn\u00fa pri chyb\u00e1ch po\u010das delenia buniek.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve v nich sa m\u00f4\u017ee odohra\u0165 jeden z najdramatickej\u0161\u00edch genetick\u00fdch<\/a> procesov spojen\u00fdch s rakovinou, jav naz\u00fdvan\u00fd chromotripsis.<\/p>\n

Pri chromotripsii sa chromoz\u00f3m v mikrojadre doslova roztrie\u0161ti na stovky fragmentov. N\u00e1sledne sa k\u00fasky DNA poskladaj\u00fa sp\u00e4\u0165, ale v chaotickom porad\u00ed. V\u00fdsledok pripom\u00edna genetick\u00fd v\u00fdbuch.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00fdto proces m\u00f4\u017ee dramaticky ur\u00fdchli\u0165 vznik rakoviny. K\u00fdm niektor\u00e9 n\u00e1dory vznikaj\u00fa postupn\u00fdm hromaden\u00edm mut\u00e1ci\u00ed po\u010das rokov, chromotripsis dok\u00e1\u017ee vytvori\u0165 agres\u00edvnu rakovinov\u00fa bunku v extr\u00e9mne kr\u00e1tkom \u010dase.<\/p>\n

\"rakovina\"rakovinaflickr.com (ZEISS Microscopy) CC BY-NC 2.0<\/a><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve tieto bunky sa vedci rozhodli zachyti\u0165 pomocou umelej inteligencie.<\/a><\/p>\n

Objavovanie rizikov\u00fdch buniek funguje podobne ako \u201elaser tag\u201c, hovoria vedci<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m dostal n\u00e1zov MAGIC, \u010do je skratka pre platformu sp\u00e1jaj\u00facu mikroskopiu, genomiku a strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie.<\/p>\n

Technol\u00f3gia funguje v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch krokoch, najprv automatick\u00fd mikroskop vytvor\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo sn\u00edmok buniek. Algoritmus umelej inteligencie potom analyzuje obrazy a vyh\u013ead\u00e1 bunky obsahuj\u00face mikrojadr\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f syst\u00e9m tak\u00fato bunku n\u00e1jde, mikroskop na \u0148u nasmeruje laser a ozna\u010d\u00ed ju \u0161peci\u00e1lnym fluorescen\u010dn\u00fdm farbivom. Farbivo po z\u00e1sahu svetlom zmen\u00ed farbu a bunku natrvalo ozna\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vedci potom dok\u00e1\u017eu tieto bunky izolova\u0165 a presk\u00fama\u0165 ich genetick\u00fa inform\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edk Marco Cosenza, ktor\u00fd na projekte pracoval, prirovnal syst\u00e9m k technickej hre.<\/p>\n

\u201eCel\u00fd syst\u00e9m funguje trochu ako automatick\u00e1 verzia laser tagu,\u201c povedal Cosenza: \u201eAI n\u00e1jde bunku s mikrojadrom a laser ju ozna\u010d\u00ed, aby sme ju nesk\u00f4r mohli presne analyzova\u0165.\u201c<\/p>\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia v\u00fdhoda novej technol\u00f3gie spo\u010d\u00edva v r\u00fdchlosti. K\u00fdm klasick\u00fd manu\u00e1lny v\u00fdskum umo\u017enil analyzova\u0165 len mal\u00e9 mno\u017estvo buniek, syst\u00e9m MAGIC dok\u00e1\u017ee presk\u00fama\u0165 pribli\u017ene 100 000 buniek za jeden de\u0148.<\/p>\n

Vedci pomocou tejto met\u00f3dy analyzovali bunky, ktor\u00e9 p\u00f4vodne poch\u00e1dzali zo zdrav\u00fdch \u013eudsk\u00fdch tkan\u00edv.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledok v\u00fdskumu uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pribli\u017ene viac ne\u017e desa\u0165 percent bunkov\u00fdch delen\u00ed viedlo k spont\u00e1nnym chromoz\u00f3mov\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f vedci sk\u00famali bunky s mut\u00e1ciou v zn\u00e1mom g\u00e9ne p53, ktor\u00fd norm\u00e1lne potl\u00e1\u010da vznik n\u00e1dorov, frekvencia t\u00fdchto ch\u00fdb sa takmer zdvojn\u00e1sobila.<\/p>\n

Ak chc\u00fa vedci n\u00e1js\u0165 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010d rakoviny, musia h\u013eada\u0165 chybn\u00e9 bunky<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskum rakoviny sa dlh\u00e9 roky opieral o anal\u00fdzu cel\u00fdch kusov tkaniva. Vedci zmerali priemern\u00fd stav buniek a sna\u017eili sa z neho vyvodi\u0165 z\u00e1very.<\/p>\n

Tento pr\u00edstup v\u0161ak skr\u00fdva z\u00e1sadn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Rakovinu nesp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a priemern\u00e1 bunka, ale jedin\u00e1 chybn\u00e1 bunka. Technol\u00f3gia MAGIC men\u00ed sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm vedci tento proces sk\u00famaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

\"bunka_1\"\"bunka_1\"Zdroj: and machines z Unsplash<\/a><\/p>\n

Namiesto anal\u00fdzy ve\u013ekej bunkovej popul\u00e1cie sa s\u00fastred\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tnu bunku<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 nesie kritick\u00fa genetick\u00fa chybu.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00fdto pr\u00edstup m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 vysvetli\u0165, pre\u010do niektor\u00e9 bunky s rovnakou mut\u00e1ciou zostan\u00fa relat\u00edvne stabiln\u00e9, zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00e9 sa r\u00fdchlo premenia na n\u00e1dor.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj syst\u00e9mu MAGIC spojil mikroskopiu, genetiku, robotiku aj strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie. Vedci v\u0161ak navrhli technol\u00f3giu tak, aby ju mohli pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj \u010fal\u0161ie laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1. Softv\u00e9r a algoritmy sa daj\u00fa prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 r\u00f4znym experimentom a v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 t\u00edmy ich m\u00f4\u017eu zdie\u013ea\u0165.<\/p>\n

\u201eAk m\u00e1 bunka nejak\u00fd vizu\u00e1lny znak, ktor\u00fd ju odli\u0161uje od norm\u00e1lnej bunky, vieme syst\u00e9m natr\u00e9nova\u0165, aby ho rozpoznal,\u201c vysvetlil Korbel.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00fdto pr\u00edstup m\u00f4\u017ee ur\u00fdchli\u0165 v\u00fdskum nielen v oblasti rakoviny, ale aj v mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch oblastiach biol\u00f3gie.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj tak vedcom poskytol sp\u00f4sob, ako sledova\u0165 genetick\u00e9 chyby v jednotliv\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch vo ve\u013ekom meradle. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci teraz m\u00f4\u017eu podrobnej\u0161ie sk\u00fama\u0165 momenty, ke\u010f sa zdrav\u00e1 bunka za\u010dne meni\u0165 na rakovinov\u00fa.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Rakovina nevznikne n\u00e1hle. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina n\u00e1dorov sa za\u010dne mal\u00fdmi chybami v genetickej inform\u00e1cii buniek. Ke\u010f sa tieto chyby nahromadia,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17040,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[8226,2777,8227,8228,34,37,8229,8230,33,1629,43,40,39,42,41,36,38,35,234,8231],"class_list":{"0":"post-17039","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-spravy","8":"tag-bunky","9":"tag-choroba","10":"tag-delenie","11":"tag-geneticke-zmeny","12":"tag-headlines","13":"tag-hlavne-spravy","14":"tag-mutacie","15":"tag-nekontrolovane","16":"tag-news","17":"tag-rakovina","18":"tag-sk","19":"tag-slovak","20":"tag-slovakia","21":"tag-slovencina","22":"tag-slovensko","23":"tag-spravy","24":"tag-titulky","25":"tag-top-stories","26":"tag-umela-inteligencia","27":"tag-zaciatok-rakoviny"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116218142602419100","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17039"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17039\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}