{"id":170505,"date":"2026-09-04T14:20:11","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T14:20:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/170505\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T14:20:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T14:20:11","slug":"o-jednom-zavaznom-probleme-slovenskej-ekonomiky-o-ktorom-sa-zahadne-mlci-komentare-nazory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/170505\/","title":{"rendered":"O jednom z\u00e1va\u017enom probl\u00e9me slovenskej ekonomiky, o ktorom sa z\u00e1hadne ml\u010d\u00ed – Koment\u00e1re – N\u00e1zory"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z ekonomickej \u010dasti vizion\u00e1rskych pr\u00e1c vyber\u00e1m dve tak\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 dos\u0165 v\u00edrili hladinu pri diskusi\u00e1ch so z\u00e1stupcami hospod\u00e1rskej praxe, pritom nie s\u00fa ka\u017edodenne ventilovan\u00e9. T\u00fdkaj\u00fa sa vn\u00fatornej stavby ekonomiky a pri poh\u013eade na be\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla ich hne\u010f nevidno.<\/p>\n

Prebi\u0165 sa aspo\u0148 k strednej ve\u013ekosti<\/p>\n

Je u\u017e zn\u00e1me, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 podnikov\u00fd sektor je rozbit\u00fd na paraleln\u00e9 svety: na men\u0161iu skupinu ve\u013ek\u00fdch podnikov s vynikaj\u00facou \u00farov\u0148ou produktivity pr\u00e1ce (oby\u010dajne v zahrani\u010dnom vlastn\u00edctve) a ve\u013ek\u00fa skupinu mal\u00fdch firiem, ktor\u00fdch produktivita je n\u00e1sobne ni\u017e\u0161ia. Jasn\u00e9, v ka\u017edej krajine je priepas\u0165 medzi produktivitou ve\u013ek\u00fdch a mal\u00fdch. U n\u00e1s je t\u00e1 priepas\u0165 hlb\u0161ia: napr\u00edklad v Nemecku je produktivita ve\u013ek\u00fdch podnikov (nad 250 pracovn\u00edkov) 1,6-kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ia ako produktivita mal\u00fdch (do 9 pracovn\u00edkov). U susedov v \u010cesku je to pribli\u017ene 2,3-n\u00e1sobok. U n\u00e1s 3,6-n\u00e1sobok. T\u00fato priepas\u0165 m\u00e1me najhlb\u0161iu v E\u00da. A \u010do je hor\u0161ie, ona sa nezmen\u0161uje.<\/p>\n

A prek\u00e1\u017ea to. Anal\u00fdzy ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee ve\u013ek\u00e9 priepasti medzi skupinami sk\u00f4r \u0161kodia produktivite celku. Logicky, priepas\u0165 medzi mal\u00fdmi a ve\u013ek\u00fdmi maj\u00fa preklen\u00fa\u0165 stredn\u00e9 firmy. To s\u00fa tie, ktor\u00e9 by aj u n\u00e1s mali prosperova\u0165 zo spolupr\u00e1ce s gigantmi, prebera\u0165 od nich ich met\u00f3dy a ma\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fa rolu v ekonomickom raste po tom, \u010do sa pr\u00edlev gigantov u\u017e spomalil.<\/p>\n

Video
\nFico po n\u00e1v\u0161teve Slovalca<\/p>\n

\nZdroj:
\nta3\n<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve tu je kame\u0148 \u00farazu. M\u00e1me obrovsk\u00fa priepas\u0165 medzi mal\u00fdmi a stredn\u00fdmi podnikmi a t\u00e1to priepas\u0165 v\u00fdrazne \u0161kod\u00ed produktivite ekonomiky ako celku. Prechod medzi stredn\u00fdmi a ve\u013ek\u00fdmi u\u017e nehr\u00e1 a\u017e tak\u00fa rolu. Ak by sa hospod\u00e1rska politika zamerala na pomoc prerastaniu mal\u00fdch firiem do stredn\u00fdch, v\u00fdrazne by to pomohlo \u00farovni produktivity celej ekonomiky. Slab\u00fdm bodom s\u00fa mal\u00e9 firmy mimo priemyslu.<\/p>\n

Po desa\u0165ro\u010dia rie\u0161ime politiky podpory mal\u00e9ho a stredn\u00e9ho podnikania. Mo\u017eno ju treba preora\u0165: nevidie\u0165 len potrebu udr\u017ea\u0165 vznik a pre\u017eitie mal\u00fdch (aj to treba!), ale viac sa s\u00fastredi\u0165 na ich prerastanie do stredn\u00fdch. Aby sa neviazalo prive\u013ea pracovn\u00edkov v takej sf\u00e9re ekonomiky, kde je ich produktivita \u017ealostne n\u00edzka. Na tento \u00fa\u010del sl\u00fa\u017ei podpora tzv. up-scalingu. Siaha od zlep\u0161enia dostupnosti kapit\u00e1lu pre firmy s potenci\u00e1lom prerasta\u0165 do stredn\u00fdch a\u017e po inova\u010dn\u00fa podporu a u\u013eah\u010denie \u00fa\u010dinkovania na medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00fdch trhoch. To v\u0161etko sa d\u00e1 zamera\u0165 na prah medzi mal\u00fdmi a stredn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

Prive\u013ea priemyslu? Ni\u010d to, len ho treba \u201eoblepi\u0165\u201c<\/p>\n

Spornou \u201e\u0161trukt\u00farnou\u201c t\u00e9mou je, \u010di nem\u00e1me pr\u00edli\u0161n\u00fa orient\u00e1ciu na priemysel, a t\u00fdm zastaran\u00fa, pr\u00edli\u0161 industri\u00e1lnu \u0161trukt\u00faru ekonomiky. Takto jednoducho priemysel neodpisujme. Dok\u00e1zal sa za posledn\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia posun\u00fa\u0165 z produkcie plechov, dr\u00f4tov a narezan\u00e9ho dreva k aut\u00e1m vyr\u00e1ban\u00fdm v technologicky \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch hal\u00e1ch (ve\u013emi zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9, samozrejme).<\/p>\n

V Nemecku je produktivita ve\u013ek\u00fdch podnikov 1,6-kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ia ako produktivita mal\u00fdch. V \u010cesku je to pribli\u017ene 2,3-n\u00e1sobok, na Slovensku 3,6-n\u00e1sobok. T\u00fato priepas\u0165 m\u00e1me najhlb\u0161iu v E\u00da.<\/p>\n

Je fakt, \u017ee sme v Eur\u00f3pe na \u0161pici v podiele priemyslu na produkcii ekonomiky (okolo 36 %). Ale pri meran\u00ed vytvorenou pridanou hodnotou (t\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017ea masu vytvoren\u00fdch pr\u00edjmov) je to u\u017e len polovica, okolo 18-20 %. Tu pekne vidno probl\u00e9m: priemysel to\u010d\u00ed obrovsk\u00fa masu tovaru, ale vznik\u00e1 v \u0148om men\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 pr\u00edjmov. Toto je zase zn\u00e1my jav vo svetovej ekonomike (priemysel m\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed podiel na vytvorenej hodnote tovaru ako na pr\u00edjmoch pre ve\u013ek\u00fa potrebu spotrebovan\u00fdch vstupov), u n\u00e1s je akur\u00e1t podstatne vypuklej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Namiesto spochyb\u0148ovania priemyslu mu treba pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u201eoblepi\u0165 sa\u201c aktivitami, ktor\u00e9 z vysok\u00e9ho podielu priemyslu m\u00f4\u017eu urobi\u0165 aj strategick\u00fa v\u00fdhodu. Priemyseln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba toti\u017e vie prirodzene pri\u0165ahova\u0165 inovat\u00edvne slu\u017eby alebo v\u00fdskum a v\u00fdvoj. Aj u n\u00e1s m\u00e1me nieko\u013eko dobr\u00fdch pr\u00edkladov: projektuj\u00fa sa \u201esmart\u201c logistick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, \u201esmart\u201c v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 haly, vznikli prelomov\u00e9 met\u00f3dy zv\u00e1rania r\u00f4znych kovov navz\u00e1jom. Tak\u00e9to \u010dinnosti v\u0161ak e\u0161te nie s\u00fa charakteristick\u00e9 pre cel\u00fd priemysel.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdmto lastovi\u010dk\u00e1m treba pom\u00f4c\u0165 v mno\u017een\u00ed. A tak sa prirodzene stane, \u017ee priemysel m\u00f4\u017ee na\u010falej r\u00e1s\u0165, ale tieto nadv\u00e4zuj\u00face sofistikovan\u00e9 \u010dinnosti bud\u00fa r\u00e1s\u0165 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie. Mierne klesne podiel priemyselnej v\u00fdroby na ekonomike bez toho, aby sa priemysel obmedzoval.<\/p>\n

\u201eMenej vidite\u013en\u00e9\u201c politiky<\/p>\n

Ak sa mal\u00fdm podnikom, bojuj\u00facim o ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 pre\u017eitie, vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om po\u010dte podar\u00ed preskakova\u0165 prah smerom k stredne ve\u013ek\u00fdm, pom\u00f4\u017ee to produktivite celej ekonomiky. Ak sa podar\u00ed priemysel vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej miere dop\u013a\u0148a\u0165 intelektu\u00e1lne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi \u010dinnos\u0165ami, zmen\u00ed sa historick\u00e9 dedi\u010dstvo rozsiahleho priemyslu na strategick\u00fa konkuren\u010dn\u00fa v\u00fdhodu. To chce v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu v\u00e1hu na \u010dasti hospod\u00e1rskej politiky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa spolo\u010densky a medi\u00e1lne menej \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9 (nie ako konsolida\u010dn\u00e9 opatrenia, transak\u010dn\u00e1 da\u0148, stanovenie minim\u00e1lnej mzdy…) Aj tak\u00e9to a mnoh\u00e9 podobn\u00e9 t\u00e9my treba otv\u00e1ra\u0165, ak to mysl\u00edme v\u00e1\u017ene s tou \u201eprorastovou politikou\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u00a9 Autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va vyhraden\u00e9<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

debata<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

mReport\u00e9r<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\u013dutujeme\"<\/p>\n

V\u00e1\u017een\u00ed \u010ditatelia, pod t\u00fdmto \u010dl\u00e1nkom sme diskusiu zastavili<\/p>\n

\nPrevl\u00e1dali v nej pr\u00edspevky, ktor\u00e9 boli v rozpore s pravidlami debaty aj dobr\u00fdmi mravmi. Cel\u00fa debatu sme
\nvymazali, autorom v\u0161etk\u00fdch slu\u0161n\u00fdch pr\u00edspevkov sa ospravedl\u0148ujeme.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u010eakujeme za pochopenie a te\u0161\u00edme sa na slu\u0161n\u00e9 debaty pod in\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nkami.\n<\/p>\n

Rozumiem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Z ekonomickej \u010dasti vizion\u00e1rskych pr\u00e1c vyber\u00e1m dve tak\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 dos\u0165 v\u00edrili hladinu pri diskusi\u00e1ch so z\u00e1stupcami hospod\u00e1rskej praxe,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":170506,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[6],"tags":[43,40,44,39,42,45,41],"class_list":["post-170505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-slovensko","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovak-republic","tag-slovakia","tag-slovencina","tag-slovenska-republika","tag-slovensko"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117213216338886952","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=170505"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170505\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/170506"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=170505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=170505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=170505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}