{"id":171377,"date":"2026-09-05T16:03:17","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T16:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/171377\/"},"modified":"2026-09-05T16:03:17","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T16:03:17","slug":"neuveritelne-zvuky-prirody-tieto-zvierata-drzia-svetove-rekordy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/171377\/","title":{"rendered":"Neuverite\u013en\u00e9 zvuky pr\u00edrody: Tieto zvierat\u00e1 dr\u017eia svetov\u00e9 rekordy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zvuk je jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1strojov komunik\u00e1cie. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina zvierat bez neho nem\u00f4\u017ee pre\u017ei\u0165, \u010di u\u017e ide o navig\u00e1ciu, h\u013eadanie partnera, vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 varovanie alebo lov. Legend\u00e1rny Sir David Attenborough, ktor\u00fd osl\u00e1vil 100. narodeniny, sk\u00fama, ako zvierat\u00e1 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa a vn\u00edmaj\u00fa zvuky, v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch dokonca e\u0161te pred naroden\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Trojdielny seri\u00e1l s n\u00e1zvom Tajupln\u00fd svet zvukov s Davidom Attenboroughom\u00a0bude ma\u0165 premi\u00e9ru 5. septembra o 18:10 na Viasat Nature. Vy si zatia\u013e m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 o niektor\u00fdch neuverite\u013en\u00fdch rekordoch spojen\u00fdch so zvukmi zvierat vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode.<\/p>\n

\t
\n\t\t\"Neuverite\u013en\u00e9\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (6)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0(Zdroj: Viasat Nature)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fdm najhlasnej\u0161\u00edm zviera\u0165om na svete je drobn\u00e1 kreveta, ktor\u00e1 vystre\u013euje bubliny<\/p>\n

Najhlasnej\u0161ie zvierat\u00e1 na Zemi n\u00e1jdeme medzi ve\u013erybami. Najhlu\u010dnej\u0161\u00edm zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch je vorva\u0148, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee vyd\u00e1va\u0165 zvuky s intenzitou a\u017e 230 decibelov. Pou\u017e\u00edva ich na komunik\u00e1ciu s ostatn\u00fdmi \u010dlenmi svojho druhu. Tieto zvuky m\u00f4\u017eu cestova\u0165 tis\u00edce kilometrov a sl\u00fa\u017eia aj na echolok\u00e1ciu pri h\u013eadan\u00ed potenci\u00e1lnej koristi.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1\u017eitok na cel\u00fd \u017eivot: V Om\u00e1ne m\u00f4\u017eete po\u010das v\u00fdletu za delf\u00ednmi uvidie\u0165 aj ve\u013erybu\t\t(Zdroj: Zoznam \/ ako, Hudba: Pixabay)\t<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fdm najhlasnej\u0161\u00edm zviera\u0165om na svete je v\u0161ak tvor, ktor\u00fd je sotva v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako v\u00e1\u0161 prst, pi\u0161to\u013eov\u00e1 kreveta. Jedno z jej klepiet je v\u00fdrazne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako druh\u00e9 a jeho prudk\u00fdm zovret\u00edm dok\u00e1\u017ee vytvori\u0165 takzvan\u00fa kavita\u010dn\u00fa bublinu. Tento jav nie je sprev\u00e1dzan\u00fd iba zvukov\u00fdm v\u00fdbuchom s intenzitou pribli\u017ene 200 decibelov a z\u00e1bleskom jasnej\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e Slnko, ale bublina z\u00e1rove\u0148 vystrel\u00ed z klepeta takou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee ochromi\u0165 mal\u00fa rybu alebo konkuren\u010dn\u00e9ho kraba, ktor\u00e9ho zasiahne.<\/p>\n

Jeden druh pi\u0161to\u013eovej krevety sa naz\u00fdva Synalpheus pinkfloydi, teda Pink Floyd. N\u00e1zov odkazuje na jej ru\u017eovo sfarben\u00e9 klepeto a je mimoriadne priliehav\u00fd, preto\u017ee t\u00e1to kreveta dok\u00e1\u017ee cvakn\u00fa\u0165 e\u0161te hlasnej\u0161ie ne\u017e rockov\u00fd koncert.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ktor\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 s\u00fa najv\u00fdre\u010dnej\u0161ie?<\/p>\n

Komunik\u00e1cia medzi zvieratami m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 mnoho pod\u00f4b, ale mo\u017eno poveda\u0165, \u017ee zvierat\u00e1 \u017eij\u00face v skupin\u00e1ch spolu komunikuj\u00fa naozaj ve\u013ea. \u0160impanzy vyd\u00e1vaj\u00fa prekvapivo m\u00e1lo zvukov a uprednost\u0148uj\u00fa gest\u00e1, zatia\u013e \u010do surikaty s\u00fa pri h\u013eadan\u00ed potravy v neust\u00e1lom hlasovom kontakte a navz\u00e1jom si d\u00e1vaj\u00fa najavo, \u017ee je v\u0161etko v poriadku.<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t\t\"Neuverite\u013en\u00e9\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (6)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0(Zdroj: SITA\/AP)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Zvierat\u00e1 mimochodom nemaj\u00fa slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu v tradi\u010dnom zmysle slova. V\u00fd\u0161ku, rytmus a intenzitu zvukov, ktor\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vaj\u00fa, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na odovzdanie zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00e9ho posolstva.\u00a0Ktor\u00e9 zviera teda \u201erozpr\u00e1va\u201c najviac? Je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 to dok\u00e1za\u0165, ale pod\u013ea vedcov delf\u00edny prakticky nikdy neprest\u00e1vaj\u00fa komunikova\u0165. A \u010do viac, podobne ako \u013eudia sa u\u010dia \u201ere\u010d\u201c jeden od druh\u00e9ho a n\u00e1sledne spolu plynulo komunikuj\u00fa. Dokonca pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa jedine\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00edskanie, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho dok\u00e1\u017eu identifikova\u0165 konkr\u00e9tnych \u010dlenov svojej skupiny. Je to, akoby si navz\u00e1jom d\u00e1vali men\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

A ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa najtich\u0161ie?<\/p>\n

Mohli by sme sem zaradi\u0165 mnoho zvierat, preto\u017ee existuje mno\u017estvo druhov, ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa org\u00e1ny potrebn\u00e9 na vytv\u00e1ranie zvukov a ktor\u00fdch pohyb je z\u00e1rove\u0148 ve\u013emi tich\u00fd. Zamerajme sa v\u0161ak na zvierat\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 zvuky vyd\u00e1va\u0165 dok\u00e1\u017eu, ale takpovediac toho nemaj\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010do poveda\u0165.<\/p>\n

Patria medzi ne napr\u00edklad \u017eirafy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa predmetom mnoh\u00fdch nedorozumen\u00ed. Dlh\u00fd \u010das sa predpokladalo, \u017ee komunikuj\u00fa pomocou infrazvuku, ktor\u00fd \u013eudsk\u00e9 ucho nepo\u010duje. Zd\u00e1 sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee to nie je pravda. Komunikuj\u00fa aj v rozsahu zvukov, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eeme vn\u00edma\u0165, hoci pomerne zriedkavo. Napr\u00edklad si v noci pohmk\u00e1vaj\u00fa pribli\u017ene na frekvencii 92 Hz.<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t\t\"\u017dirafa\"\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (6)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

\u017dirafa\t\u00a0(Zdroj: TASR\/AP)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Hoci s\u00fa \u017eraloky \u010dasto pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za tich\u00fdch lovcov, preto\u017ee sa dok\u00e1\u017eu pohybova\u0165 bez vyd\u00e1vania zvukov a komunikuj\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pomocou re\u010di tela a zmien sfarbenia, existuje medzi nimi jeden druh, \u017eralok \u0161kvrnit\u00fd, ktor\u00fd vyd\u00e1va cvakav\u00e9 zvuky tren\u00edm zubov o seba.<\/p>\n

\t
\n\t\t\"Ve\u013ek\u00fd\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (6)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00fd biely \u017eralok\t\u00a0(Zdroj: SITA\/AP)<\/p>\n

Vedci si v\u0161ak zatia\u013e nie s\u00fa \u00faplne ist\u00ed, s \u010d\u00edm tento zvuk s\u00favis\u00ed. Jeho frekvencia je toti\u017e pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 na to, aby ju sluchov\u00e9 org\u00e1ny tohto druhu dok\u00e1zali zachyti\u0165, tak\u017ee nesl\u00fa\u017ei na komunik\u00e1ciu. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee \u017eralok jednoducho \u0161kr\u00edpe zubami v d\u00f4sledku stresu, s \u010d\u00edm sa mnoh\u00ed z n\u00e1s dok\u00e1\u017eu stoto\u017eni\u0165. Toto spr\u00e1vanie bolo toti\u017e pozorovan\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm u jedincov chovan\u00fdch v zajat\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ktor\u00e9 zviera dok\u00e1\u017ee vyd\u00e1va\u0165 zvuk s najvy\u0161\u0161ou a ktor\u00e9 s najni\u017e\u0161ou frekvenciou?<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea Guinnessovej knihy rekordov vyd\u00e1va zvuk s najvy\u0161\u0161ou frekvenciou kobylka z \u010de\u013eade kobylkovit\u00fdch, \u017eij\u00faca na ostrovoch pri pobre\u017e\u00ed Kolumbie. Zvuk vytv\u00e1ra tren\u00edm prav\u00e9ho kr\u00eddla o \u201e\u0161krabaciu\u201c \u0161trukt\u00faru na \u013eavom kr\u00eddle.\u00a0Samce tento zvuk s frekvenciou pribli\u017ene 150 kHz pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na pril\u00e1kanie sam\u00edc. Pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 ucho je nepo\u010dute\u013en\u00fd, preto\u017ee rozsah n\u00e1\u0161ho sluchu siaha iba pribli\u017ene do 20 kHz.<\/p>\n

Na opa\u010dnom konci spektra s\u00fa vr\u00e1skavce obrovsk\u00e9, ktor\u00fdch spev sa pohybuje vo frekvencii 10\u201314 Hz, teda hlboko pod hranicou 20 Hz, ktor\u00fa je schopn\u00e9 zachyti\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00e9 ucho. Nepo\u010duli by sme ho, hoci na\u0161e telo by ho mohlo vn\u00edma\u0165 ako vibr\u00e1cie. Mo\u017eno je to tak lep\u0161ie, preto\u017ee tento zvuk s intenzitou 180 decibelov by bol pre \u013eudsk\u00fd sluch pravdepodobne nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 \u201ekomunikuj\u00fa\u201c e\u0161te pred naroden\u00edm<\/p>\n

Narodenie je jednou z najtraumatickej\u0161\u00edch udalost\u00ed v \u017eivote ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017eiv\u00e9ho tvora. Mnoh\u00e9 druhy zvierat sa navy\u0161e rodia bezbrann\u00e9 a pr\u00e1ve v tomto okamihu s\u00fa najzranite\u013enej\u0161ie. Patria medzi nich kajmany, ktor\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa vyd\u00e1va\u0165 tich\u00e9, vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00edskanie e\u0161te vo vajci. T\u00fdm upozor\u0148uj\u00fa svojich s\u00farodencov, \u017ee je \u010das vyliahnu\u0165 sa, ide\u00e1lne v\u0161etci naraz. Spolo\u010dne maj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu \u0161ancu na pre\u017eitie. Ak navy\u0161e po vyliahnut\u00ed za\u010dn\u00fa spolo\u010dne vola\u0165 svoju matku, zosilnen\u00fd zvuk ju s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou upozorn\u00ed na ich pr\u00edtomnos\u0165.<\/p>\n

\t
\n\t\t\"Neuverite\u013en\u00e9\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (6)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0(Zdroj: SITA\/AP)<\/p>\n

A pr\u00e1ve tento fascinuj\u00faci svet zvukov pribli\u017euje aj dokument\u00e1rna s\u00e9ria Tajupln\u00fd svet zvukov s Davidom Attenboroughom. Ukazuje n\u00e1m, \u017ee za ka\u017ed\u00fdm cvaknut\u00edm, p\u00edsknut\u00edm, spevom \u010di \u0161epotom sa m\u00f4\u017ee skr\u00fdva\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd pr\u00edbeh. Preto\u017ee ke\u010f sa zapo\u010d\u00favame dostato\u010dne pozorne, pr\u00edroda n\u00e1m m\u00e1 \u010do poveda\u0165.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Zvuk je jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1strojov komunik\u00e1cie. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina zvierat bez neho nem\u00f4\u017ee pre\u017ei\u0165, \u010di u\u017e ide o navig\u00e1ciu,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171378,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[24489,48374,48378,48377,33,48381,6696,18012,43,40,42,36,7522,50,48380,48379,48375,48382,49,48,48376,22460,48383],"class_list":["post-171377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-david-attenborough","tag-delfiny","tag-dokumentarny-serial","tag-kajmany","tag-news","tag-pistolova-kreveta","tag-priroda","tag-simpanzy","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-surikaty","tag-svet","tag-tajuplny-svet-zvukov","tag-viasat-nature","tag-vorvan","tag-vraskavce-obrovske","tag-world","tag-world-news","tag-zirafy","tag-zraloky","tag-zvukova-komunikacia"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117219282645274204","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/171377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=171377"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/171377\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/171378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=171377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=171377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=171377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}