{"id":172109,"date":"2026-09-06T15:11:14","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T15:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/172109\/"},"modified":"2026-09-06T15:11:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-06T15:11:14","slug":"vedci-zachytili-zahadne-struktury-hlboko-vo-vnutri-zeme-skryvaju-sa-takmer-3-000-kilometrov-pod-povrchom-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/172109\/","title":{"rendered":"Vedci zachytili z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary hlboko vo vn\u00fatri Zeme. Skr\u00fdvaj\u00fa sa takmer 3 000 kilometrov pod povrchom | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Takmer 3 000 kilometrov pod na\u0161imi nohami sa pevn\u00fd zemsk\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 stret\u00e1va s tekut\u00fdm vonkaj\u0161\u00edm jadrom bohat\u00fdm najm\u00e4 na \u017eelezo. Je to miesto, ku ktor\u00e9mu sa \u010dlovek fyzicky nikdy nedostane. \u010c\u00ednski vedci teraz vytvorili doteraz najkomplexnej\u0161iu glob\u00e1lnu mapu oblast\u00ed, kde sa m\u00f4\u017eu nach\u00e1dza\u0165 drobn\u00e9 nepravidelnosti v najspodnej\u0161ej \u010dasti pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a. Pomohli im seizmick\u00e9 vlny zo siln\u00fdch zemetrasen\u00ed a deep learning.<\/p>\n

Deep learning odhalil slab\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly z hranice jadra a pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f vznikne zemetrasenie<\/a>, seizmick\u00e9 vlny sa \u0161\u00edria vn\u00fatrom celej plan\u00e9ty. Pri prechode cez r\u00f4zne vrstvy sa l\u00e1mu, odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa alebo rozpty\u013euj\u00fa. Z ich spr\u00e1vania potom vedci dok\u00e1\u017eu odhadn\u00fa\u0165, \u010do sa nach\u00e1dza tis\u00edce kilometrov pod povrchom, hoci dan\u00e9 miesto nem\u00f4\u017eu priamo pozorova\u0165.<\/p>\n

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T\u00edm z \u010c\u00ednskej akad\u00e9mie vied sa v \u0161t\u00fadii publikovanej v \u010dasopise Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth<\/a> zameral na slab\u00e9 seizmick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly zn\u00e1me ako PKP precursors. K seizmometrom dorazia e\u0161te pred hlavnou PKP f\u00e1zou, preto\u017ee \u010das\u0165 seizmickej energie sa cestou rozpt\u00fdli na mal\u00fdch nepravidelnostiach v hlbokom pl\u00e1\u0161ti. Pr\u00e1ve tie sa \u010dasto nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa tesne nad hranicou jadra a pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a pribli\u017ene 2 900 kilometrov pod povrchom.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci spracovali viac ne\u017e dva mili\u00f3ny seizmick\u00fdch waveformov, teda z\u00e1znamov priebehu v\u013an zo zemetrasen\u00ed s magnit\u00fadou Mw 6,0 a vy\u0161\u0161ou, ktor\u00e9 nastali medzi rokmi 1990 a 2024. Algoritmus v nich identifikoval presne 174 929 PKP precursorov. To je pribli\u017ene desa\u0165n\u00e1sobne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed s\u00fabor ne\u017e v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\"seizmograf\"\"seizmograf\"Zdroj: Belish \/ depositphotos.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Ru\u010dn\u00e9 h\u013eadanie tak\u00fdchto slab\u00fdch sign\u00e1lov je pri mili\u00f3noch z\u00e1znamov prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9. Vedci preto nasadili deep learning, no v\u00fdsledky nenechali bez kontroly. Algoritmus priebe\u017ene upravovali pod\u013ea manu\u00e1lne overen\u00fdch d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
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\n\t\t\t\t\tVIDEO: Tak\u00fdto z\u00e1pas neuvid\u00ed\u0161 ani v Mortal Kombat. Robot odkopol s\u00faperovi hlavu, ten bojoval \u010falej <\/p>\n

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Pri ur\u010dovan\u00ed polohy mo\u017en\u00fdch nepravidelnost\u00ed pou\u017eili aj dual-probability framework. Met\u00f3da sp\u00e1ja pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee sa PKP precursor v z\u00e1zname skuto\u010dne objavil, s odhadom miesta, odkia\u013e rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e1 vlna poch\u00e1dzala. Takto z\u00edskali pribli\u017ene desa\u0165n\u00e1sobne hustej\u0161ie glob\u00e1lne pokrytie ne\u017e star\u0161ie pr\u00e1ce a mohli lep\u0161ie rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165, ktor\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa opakuj\u00faci sa geografick\u00fd vzor.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee nepravidelnosti m\u00f4\u017eu tvori\u0165 cel\u00e9 p\u00e1sy<\/p>\n

Star\u0161ie v\u00fdskumy ukazovali najm\u00e4 jednotliv\u00e9 oddelen\u00e9 oblasti, kde sa seizmick\u00e9 vlny spr\u00e1vali nezvy\u010dajne. Pri podstatne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om mno\u017estve d\u00e1t sa v\u0161ak obraz zmenil. Niektor\u00e9 heterogenity zrejme zasahuj\u00fa ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u00fazemia a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa s\u00favisl\u00e9 p\u00e1sy.<\/p>\n

Autori ako pr\u00edklad uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa oblasti pod americk\u00fdmi kontinentmi. Miesta, ktor\u00e9 v star\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1tach p\u00f4sobili ako navz\u00e1jom oddelen\u00e9, sa pri hustej\u0161om vzorkovan\u00ed za\u010dali prep\u00e1ja\u0165. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee spodn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0161trukt\u00farovanej\u0161ia, ne\u017e ukazovali predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face, red\u0161ie merania.<\/p>\n

Mapa v\u0161ak nezobrazuje konkr\u00e9tne horniny ani presne ohrani\u010den\u00e9 objekty. Zachyt\u00e1va oblasti, kde seizmick\u00e9 d\u00e1ta poukazuj\u00fa na materi\u00e1l s in\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami ne\u017e m\u00e1 jeho okolie. Tieto rozdiely potom menia sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm sa seizmick\u00e1 energia \u0161\u00edri a rozpty\u013euje.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta uk\u00e1zali \u0161es\u0165 oblast\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face \u0161t\u00fadie nezachytili<\/p>\n

Najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledok pri\u0161iel z \u010dast\u00ed plan\u00e9ty, ktor\u00e9 boli v minulosti seizmick\u00fdmi d\u00e1tami pokryt\u00e9 slab\u0161ie. Vedci tam identifikovali \u0161es\u0165 nov\u00fdch z\u00f3n s vysokou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho seizmick\u00e9ho rozptylu, ktor\u00e9 predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face pr\u00e1ce nezachytili.<\/p>\n

\"planeta\"planetaZdroj: vampy1 \/ depositphotos.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee pod Zemou objavili \u0161es\u0165 presne ohrani\u010den\u00fdch nov\u00fdch geologick\u00fdch \u00fatvarov. D\u00e1ta ukazuj\u00fa oblasti, kde sa pravdepodobne nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 heterogenity. Autori ich preto ozna\u010duj\u00fa za vhodn\u00e9 ciele pre \u010fal\u0161ie merania a detailnej\u0161ie zobrazovanie hranice jadra a pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a.<\/p>\n

Nasleduj\u00face v\u00fdskumy maj\u00fa kombinova\u0165 viac typov seizmick\u00fdch v\u013an a presnej\u0161ie inverzn\u00e9 modelovanie. To by malo uk\u00e1za\u0165 rozmery jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a pom\u00f4c\u0165 ur\u010di\u0165, ak\u00fd materi\u00e1l ich tvor\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Za \u010das\u0165ou nepravidelnost\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 d\u00e1vne tektonick\u00e9 platne<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky podporuj\u00fa predstavu, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto oblast\u00ed tvoria termochemick\u00e9 nahromadeniny. Jedn\u00fdm z mo\u017en\u00fdch zdrojov s\u00fa pozostatky d\u00e1vnych subdukovan\u00fdch tektonick\u00fdch platn\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pri subdukcii sa jedna tektonick\u00e1 plat\u0148a zas\u00fava pod druh\u00fa a jej materi\u00e1l postupne kles\u00e1 hlb\u0161ie do pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a. \u010cas\u0165 z neho sa m\u00f4\u017ee dosta\u0165 a\u017e k hranici jadra a pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a, kde sa m\u00f4\u017ee hromadi\u0165 po\u010das ve\u013emi dlh\u00fdch obdob\u00ed. Autori v\u0161ak neukazuj\u00fa na jedin\u00fd mechanizmus. \u00dalohu m\u00f4\u017ee zohr\u00e1va\u0165 aj lok\u00e1lne \u010diasto\u010dn\u00e9 tavenie a kontakt s ve\u013ek\u00fdmi oblas\u0165ami pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a, v ktor\u00fdch sa seizmick\u00e9 vlny \u0161\u00edria pomal\u0161ie. Vedci ich poznaj\u00fa pod skratkou LLVPs, z anglick\u00e9ho large low-velocity provinces.<\/p>\n

Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 seizmick\u00e9 d\u00e1ta z\u00e1rove\u0148 podporili pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 viacer\u00fdch ULVZ, teda ultra-low velocity zones. V t\u00fdchto oblastiach sa seizmick\u00e9 vlny spoma\u013euj\u00fa e\u0161te v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie. O podobn\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00farach sme p\u00edsali aj v s\u00favislosti so zisteniami, pod\u013ea ktor\u00fdch sa pri hranici jadra a pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a m\u00f4\u017ee nach\u00e1dza\u0165 materi\u00e1l z d\u00e1vneho oce\u00e1nskeho dna<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Jednotliv\u00e9 ULVZ pritom zrejme nemusia vznika\u0165 rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Niektor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu s\u00favisie\u0165 so zvy\u0161kami subdukovan\u00fdch platn\u00ed, \u010fal\u0161ie s \u010diasto\u010dne roztaven\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom. V \u010fal\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o kombin\u00e1ciu viacer\u00fdch procesov.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta pom\u00e1haj\u00fa vysvetli\u0165 pohyb materi\u00e1lu hlboko v Zemi<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky neznamenaj\u00fa, \u017ee vedci teraz dok\u00e1\u017eu lep\u0161ie predpoveda\u0165, kedy pr\u00edde \u010fal\u0161ie siln\u00e9 zemetrasenie. \u0160t\u00fadia je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 najm\u00e4 pre pochopenie konvekcie pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a, prenosu tepla z jadra a pohybu materi\u00e1lu vo vn\u00fatri plan\u00e9ty.<\/p>\n

Hranica jadra a pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a patr\u00ed medzi k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 miesta pre tepeln\u00fd a chemick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj Zeme. Nov\u00fd katal\u00f3g 174 929 PKP precursorov vedcom v\u00fdrazne roz\u0161\u00edril mno\u017estvo d\u00e1t, s ktor\u00fdmi pri jej sk\u00faman\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu pracova\u0165. \u0160es\u0165 novo identifikovan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed teraz bude patri\u0165 medzi prioritn\u00e9 ciele pre detailnej\u0161ie seizmick\u00e9 merania a spolo\u010dn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy viacer\u00fdch typov v\u013an.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Takmer 3 000 kilometrov pod na\u0161imi nohami sa pevn\u00fd zemsk\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 stret\u00e1va s tekut\u00fdm vonkaj\u0161\u00edm jadrom bohat\u00fdm najm\u00e4…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":172110,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[33,43,40,42,36,50,49,48],"class_list":["post-172109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-news","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/117224740498716799","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=172109"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172109\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/172110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=172109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=172109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=172109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}