{"id":17331,"date":"2026-03-13T07:51:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-13T07:51:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/17331\/"},"modified":"2026-03-13T07:51:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T07:51:09","slug":"vedci-prinutili-svetlo-napodobnit-jav-ktory-fyzika-desatrocia-povazovala-za-nemozny-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/17331\/","title":{"rendered":"Vedci prin\u00fatili svetlo napodobni\u0165 jav, ktor\u00fd fyzika desa\u0165ro\u010dia pova\u017eovala za nemo\u017en\u00fd | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fyzici teraz dosiahli zauj\u00edmav\u00fd v\u00fdsledok. Svetlo v experimente vyk\u00e1zalo spr\u00e1vanie, ktor\u00e9 vedci cel\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia sp\u00e1jali len s elektr\u00f3nmi. Fot\u00f3ny toti\u017e napodobnili kvantov\u00fd Hallov jav, teda fenom\u00e9n, ktor\u00fd patr\u00ed medzi najpresnej\u0161ie a najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie objavy modernej fyziky.<\/p>\n

Tento jav u\u017e d\u00e1vno zohral ve\u013ek\u00fa \u00falohu vo vede. Priniesol nieko\u013eko Nobelov\u00fdch cien a pomohol vytvori\u0165 extr\u00e9mne presn\u00e9 \u0161tandardy merania. Doteraz sa v\u0161ak objavil len v elektronick\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch. Svetlo do tejto kateg\u00f3rie jednoducho nezapadalo.<\/p>\n

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Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd experiment v\u0161ak nazna\u010dil, \u017ee hranica medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma svetmi nie je tak\u00e1 pevn\u00e1, ako sa kedysi zdalo,\u00a0informuje port\u00e1l SciTech Daily.<\/a><\/p>\n

Ide o star\u00fd efekt, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje aj modern\u00fa fyziku<\/p>\n

Vedci objavili Hallov jav v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed. Ten hovor\u00ed, \u017ee ak cez vodi\u010d prejde elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad a z\u00e1rove\u0148 na\u0148 kolmo p\u00f4sob\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole, elektr\u00f3ny sa vych\u00fdlia na jednu stranu materi\u00e1lu. Na jednej hrane vodi\u010da sa nahromad\u00ed z\u00e1porn\u00fd n\u00e1boj, na druhej vznikne kladn\u00fd. Medzi okrajmi materi\u00e1lu sa tak objav\u00ed mal\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie.<\/p>\n

Tento efekt sa stal ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom. Vedci pomocou neho merali magnetick\u00e9 pole alebo vlastnosti polovodi\u010dov.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
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\"Tvoje\"Tvoje <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPopul\u00e1rna spravodajsk\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia pre iOS a Android dostala ve\u013ek\u00fa aktualiz\u00e1ciu. Pribudlo mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed\u0161 vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 <\/p>\n

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Skuto\u010dn\u00fd zlom v\u0161ak pri\u0161iel a\u017e v 80. rokoch. Fyzici sk\u00famali extr\u00e9mne tenk\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pri ve\u013emi n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch a siln\u00fdch magnetick\u00fdch poliach. Nap\u00e4tie sa neza\u010dalo zvy\u0161ova\u0165 plynulo, ale po presn\u00fdch kvantov\u00fdch stup\u0148och.<\/p>\n

Tieto \u201eschody\u201c mali zvl\u00e1\u0161tnu vlastnos\u0165, nez\u00e1viseli od materi\u00e1lu, jeho tvaru ani od mikroskopick\u00fdch ne\u010dist\u00f4t. Ur\u010dili ich len z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 kon\u0161tanty pr\u00edrody. Tak vznikol kvantov\u00fd Hallov jav.<\/p>\n

Topol\u00f3gia je v tomto pr\u00edpade najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed pojem<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 od nedokonalost\u00ed fascinuje fyzikov dodnes. Vo fyzike sa tomuto javu hovor\u00ed topologick\u00e1 ochrana.<\/p>\n

Predstav si klasick\u00fd elektrick\u00fd k\u00e1bel. Ak v \u0148om vznikne ne\u010distota alebo drobn\u00e9 po\u0161kodenie, elektr\u00f3ny do nej narazia a stratia \u010das\u0165 energie. Vznikne odpor.<\/p>\n

\"Velky\"VelkyZdroj: Triff \/ Shutterstock.com<\/p>\n

V kvantovom Hallovom re\u017eime sa v\u0161ak \u010dastice spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa inak. Sk\u00f4r pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa vodu v rieke, ktor\u00e1 naraz\u00ed na kame\u0148 a jednoducho ho obte\u010die. Tok pokra\u010duje bez sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho rozptylu.<\/p>\n

Pre bud\u00face optick\u00e9 \u010dipy<\/a> by to znamenalo zauj\u00edmav\u00fa v\u00fdhodu. D\u00e1ta by sa mohli pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 aj v zariadeniach, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa dokonale vyroben\u00e9 alebo maj\u00fa drobn\u00e9 po\u0161kodenia.<\/p>\n

Svetlo nem\u00e1 n\u00e1boj, \u010do robilo vedcom probl\u00e9m<\/p>\n

Elektr\u00f3ny maj\u00fa elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj, preto reaguj\u00fa na elektrick\u00e9 a magnetick\u00e9 polia. Fot\u00f3ny<\/a>, teda \u010dastice svetla, ni\u010d tak\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa. To bol hlavn\u00fd d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do fyzici dlho pova\u017eovali Hallov jav pre svetlo za takmer nemo\u017en\u00fd.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci v\u0161ak na\u0161li sp\u00f4sob, ako tento probl\u00e9m ob\u00eds\u0165.<\/p>\n

\u201eSvetlo sa posunulo do str\u00e1n v presne kvantovan\u00fdch krokoch, ktor\u00e9 pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa spr\u00e1vanie elektr\u00f3nov v silnom magnetickom poli,\u201c vysvetlil fyzik Philippe St-Jean z Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, ktor\u00fd sa na v\u00fdskume podie\u013eal.<\/p>\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k objaveniu fot\u00f3nov\u00e9ho Hallovho javu bolo \u201eoklama\u0165\u201c svetlo<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee fot\u00f3ny nereaguj\u00fa na magnetick\u00e9 pole, vedci museli pou\u017ei\u0165 trik. Svetlo neposlali po jednej priamke. Prech\u00e1dzalo cez sie\u0165 drobn\u00fdch optick\u00fdch rezon\u00e1torov, mal\u00fdch dr\u00e1h, ktor\u00e9 sa navz\u00e1jom prep\u00e1jali. Pri ka\u017edom preskoku medzi nimi z\u00edskal fot\u00f3n mal\u00e9 f\u00e1zov\u00e9 oneskorenie.<\/p>\n

Z poh\u013eadu matematiky sa tento efekt spr\u00e1va presne tak, ako keby na \u010dasticu p\u00f4sobilo magnetick\u00e9 pole.<\/a><\/p>\n

Vedci teda vytvorili syntetick\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole bez magnetu. Cel\u00fd efekt vznikol len v\u010faka presne navrhnutej geometrii syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

\u201ePozorovanie kvantovan\u00e9ho driftu svetla je mimoriadne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, preto\u017ee fotonick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my prirodzene neudr\u017eia rovnov\u00e1hu,\u201c dodal St-Jean: \u201eSvetlo vy\u017eaduje ve\u013emi presn\u00fa kontrolu a stabiliz\u00e1ciu.\u201c<\/p>\n

Svetlo n\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 odomkn\u00fa\u0165 nov\u00e9 dimenzie<\/p>\n

Fot\u00f3ny maj\u00fa e\u0161te jednu v\u00fdhodu. Nes\u00fa viac vlastnost\u00ed, s ktor\u00fdmi vedci dok\u00e1\u017eu pracova\u0165, napr\u00edklad farbu, polariz\u00e1ciu alebo \u010das pr\u00edchodu sign\u00e1lu<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V\u010faka tomu sa d\u00e1 vytvori\u0165 nie\u010do, \u010do fyzici naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa syntetick\u00e9 dimenzie. Syst\u00e9m potom simuluje prostredie s viacer\u00fdmi rozmermi, ne\u017e ak\u00e9 existuj\u00fa v be\u017enom priestore.<\/p>\n

V elektronike sa kvantov\u00fd Hallov jav objavil p\u00f4vodne v dvojrozmern\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch. Pri svetle v\u0161ak vedci dok\u00e1\u017eu modelova\u0165 aj zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie scen\u00e1re, napr\u00edklad \u0161tvorrozmern\u00fd Hallov jav.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9to experimenty umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa sk\u00fama\u0165 fyzik\u00e1lne javy, ktor\u00e9 by v klasick\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch v\u00f4bec nevznikli.<\/p>\n

\"Vedci\"VedciZdroj: Unsplash(Jeremy Perkins)<\/p>\n

Kvantov\u00fd Hallov jav u\u017e dnes zohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v metrol\u00f3gii, vede o presnom meran\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eDnes definujeme kilogram pomocou z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1lnych kon\u0161t\u00e1nt a presn\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch meran\u00ed,\u201c uviedol St-Jean: \u201eKvantov\u00fd Hallov jav poskytol univerz\u00e1lny \u0161tandard elektrick\u00e9ho odporu.\u201c<\/p>\n

Ak podobn\u00fd princ\u00edp za\u010dne fungova\u0165 aj v optick\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, fyzici z\u00edskaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pre merania, senzory alebo kvantov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie.<\/p>\n

Experiment zatia\u013e predstavuje sk\u00f4r z\u00e1kladn\u00fd v\u00fdskum ne\u017e okam\u017eit\u00fa technologick\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu. Uk\u00e1zal v\u0161ak, \u017ee svetlo dok\u00e1\u017ee napodobni\u0165 javy, ktor\u00e9 sme e\u0161te ned\u00e1vno pova\u017eovali za v\u00fdlu\u010dne elektronick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Presn\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie tohto objavu zatia\u013e vedci len sk\u00famaj\u00fa. Fot\u00f3nov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v\u0161ak u\u017e teraz nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee kvantov\u00e1 fyzika m\u00f4\u017ee pon\u00faknu\u0165 e\u0161te ove\u013ea \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed priestor, ne\u017e sme si doned\u00e1vna vedeli predstavi\u0165.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Fyzici teraz dosiahli zauj\u00edmav\u00fd v\u00fdsledok. Svetlo v experimente vyk\u00e1zalo spr\u00e1vanie, ktor\u00e9 vedci cel\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia sp\u00e1jali len s elektr\u00f3nmi.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17332,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[8374,8375,8376,8377,8378,33,6812,8379,8380,43,40,42,7294,36,50,8381,49,48,8382],"class_list":{"0":"post-17331","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-elektrony","9":"tag-fotony","10":"tag-fyzika","11":"tag-hallov-jav","12":"tag-magneticke-pole","13":"tag-news","14":"tag-pohyb","15":"tag-pozorovanie","16":"tag-prekvapenie","17":"tag-sk","18":"tag-slovak","19":"tag-slovencina","20":"tag-spravanie","21":"tag-spravy","22":"tag-svet","23":"tag-svetlo","24":"tag-world","25":"tag-world-news","26":"tag-zakony"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116220781093423726","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17331"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17331\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}