{"id":20911,"date":"2026-03-17T13:54:10","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T13:54:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/20911\/"},"modified":"2026-03-17T13:54:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T13:54:10","slug":"vedci-objavili-signal-ktory-sa-objavi-tesne-pred-vybuchom-sopky-prichadza-niekolko-hodin-vopred-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/20911\/","title":{"rendered":"Vedci objavili sign\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa objav\u00ed tesne pred v\u00fdbuchom sopky. Prich\u00e1dza nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn vopred | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Predpovedanie sope\u010dn\u00fdch erupci\u00ed patr\u00ed medzi naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ie \u00falohy geol\u00f3gie. Sopky s\u00edce \u010dasto vysielaj\u00fa varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, no presn\u00fd moment v\u00fdbuchu je ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165. Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Nature Communications teraz uk\u00e1zala zauj\u00edmav\u00fd pr\u00edstup. Vedci objavili drobn\u00fd fyzik\u00e1lny sign\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa objav\u00ed nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn pred erupciou.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z franc\u00fazskeho Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris a nemeck\u00e9ho GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences vyvinuli met\u00f3du s n\u00e1zvom Jerk. T\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee zachyti\u0165 extr\u00e9mne jemn\u00e9 pohyby zeme sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 t\u00fdm, \u017ee magma prenik\u00e1 cez horniny hlboko pod povrchom.<\/p>\n

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Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

Prekvapuj\u00face je, \u017ee syst\u00e9m vyu\u017e\u00edva len jeden \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00fd seizmometer.<\/p>\n

Spo\u013eahliv\u00fd sign\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd minimalizuje po\u010det falo\u0161n\u00fdch poplachov<\/p>\n

Sopky pred erupciou \u010dasto vysielaj\u00fa viacero varovn\u00fdch sign\u00e1lov. Vedci sleduj\u00fa zemetrasenia, deform\u00e1cie povrchu aj zmeny v zlo\u017een\u00ed sope\u010dn\u00fdch plynov. Probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee tieto sign\u00e1ly nie v\u017edy znamenaj\u00fa bl\u00ed\u017eiacu sa erupciu.<\/p>\n

\"zemetrasenie\"zemetrasenieZdroj: Andrey VP \/ shutterstock.com a Mohammad Bash \/ shutterstock.com<\/p>\n

Falo\u0161n\u00e9 poplachy m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k drah\u00fdm evaku\u00e1ci\u00e1m a strate d\u00f4very verejnosti. Pr\u00e1ve preto sa vedci sna\u017eia n\u00e1js\u0165 spo\u013eahlivej\u0161\u00ed indik\u00e1tor.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
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\"Tvoje\"Tvoje <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPopul\u00e1rna spravodajsk\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia pre iOS a Android dostala ve\u013ek\u00fa aktualiz\u00e1ciu. Pribudlo mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed\u0161 vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 <\/p>\n

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Nov\u00e1 met\u00f3da sa zameriava na ve\u013emi \u0161pecifick\u00fd typ pohybu zeme. Ke\u010f magma za\u010dne prenika\u0165 do zemskej k\u00f4ry, naraz\u00ed na pevn\u00e9 horniny. Mus\u00ed si doslova prebi\u0165 cestu cez skalu, pri\u010dom vznikaj\u00fa drobn\u00e9 zlomy a praskliny. Tento proces vytvor\u00ed extr\u00e9mne mal\u00e9 impulzy v pohybe p\u00f4dy. Vedci tieto impulzy nazvali \u201ejerk\u201c sign\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

\u010co znamen\u00e1 \u201eJerk\u201c sign\u00e1l?<\/p>\n

V klasickej fyzike pozn\u00e1me r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a zr\u00fdchlenie. Jerk ozna\u010duje zmenu samotn\u00e9ho zr\u00fdchlenia, teda n\u00e1hly trhav\u00fd pohyb.<\/p>\n

Dobr\u00e9 prirovnanie pon\u00faka jazda autom. Plynul\u00e9 zr\u00fdch\u013eovanie p\u00f4sob\u00ed hladko. Ak vodi\u010d prudko dupne na plyn alebo trhne volantom, vznikne n\u00e1hle \u201etrhnutie\u201c.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve tak\u00e9to mikroskopick\u00e9 trhnutia vznikaj\u00fa, ke\u010f magma prer\u00e1\u017ea cestu horninami.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhodou tejto met\u00f3dy je schopnos\u0165 odfiltrova\u0165 be\u017en\u00fd seizmick\u00fd \u0161um, napr\u00edklad vietor, oce\u00e1nske vlny alebo dopravu. Vedci tak dok\u00e1\u017eu zachyti\u0165 \u010dist\u00fd sign\u00e1l pohybu magmy<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci desa\u0165 rokov intenz\u00edvne monitorovali jednu z najakt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edch sopiek sveta<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci otestovali syst\u00e9m na sopke Piton de la Fournaise na ostrove R\u00e9union v Indickom oce\u00e1ne. T\u00e1 patr\u00ed medzi najakt\u00edvnej\u0161ie sopky sveta a z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00e1 ve\u013emi kvalitn\u00e9 monitorovanie.<\/p>\n

Vedci nain\u0161talovali syst\u00e9m v roku 2014 ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 monitorovacej platformy WebObs. Prv\u00fd alarm pri\u0161iel 20. j\u00fana 2014, presne 1 hodinu a 2 min\u00faty pred erupciou.<\/p>\n

Po\u010das nasleduj\u00facich desiatich rokov syst\u00e9m fungoval nepretr\u017eite. Medzi rokmi 2014 a 2023 zaznamenala sopka 24 erupci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Met\u00f3da Jerk dok\u00e1zala spr\u00e1vne predpoveda\u0165 92 percent z nich. Varovanie pri\u0161lo niekedy len nieko\u013eko min\u00fat pred v\u00fdbuchom, v in\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch a\u017e 8,5 hodiny vopred.<\/p>\n

\u201eOriginalita tejto met\u00f3dy spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee sme ju testovali viac ne\u017e desa\u0165 rokov priamo v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase a \u00faplne automaticky,\u201c vysvetlil vedec Philippe Jousset z GFZ.<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m e\u0161te nie je dokonal\u00fd, no aj tak ide o pokrok<\/p>\n

Treba poveda\u0165, \u017ee syst\u00e9m po\u010das testovania nebol \u00faplne bez ch\u00fdb. Pribli\u017ene 14 percent upozornen\u00ed neviedlo k skuto\u010dnej erupcii.<\/p>\n

Vedci v\u0161ak zistili, \u017ee tieto alarmy neboli n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 chyby. Anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee magma sa vtedy skuto\u010dne pohybovala pod sopkou, len sa nedostala a\u017e na povrch.<\/p>\n

Geol\u00f3govia tieto situ\u00e1cie ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako \u201eabortovan\u00e9 erupcie\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u201eOkrem predpoved\u00ed erupci\u00ed sa met\u00f3da Jerk uk\u00e1zala ako ve\u013emi spo\u013eahliv\u00fd detektor magmatick\u00fdch intr\u00fazi\u00ed,\u201c dodal Jousset.<\/p>\n

Jednou z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdhod tejto met\u00f3dy je jej jednoduchos\u0165. Doteraz si kvalitn\u00e9 monitorovanie sopiek mohli dovoli\u0165 najm\u00e4 bohat\u00e9 krajiny. Modern\u00e9 observat\u00f3ri\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa siete seizmometrov, GPS stanice, merania plynov aj satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky.<\/p>\n

Met\u00f3da Jerk v\u0161ak potrebuje len jeden pr\u00edstroj a automatick\u00e9 spracovanie d\u00e1t. To otv\u00e1ra dvere k lacn\u00fdm varovn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom pre regi\u00f3ny, kde dnes monitorovanie takmer neexistuje, napr\u00edklad v Indon\u00e9zii, Afrike alebo v \u010dastiach Strednej Ameriky.<\/p>\n

Jednoduch\u00fd syst\u00e9m by tak mohol v bud\u00facnosti zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 tis\u00edce \u017eivotov.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

Optick\u00e9 k\u00e1ble ako seizmick\u00e9 senzory<\/p>\n

Vedci z\u00e1rove\u0148 sk\u00famaj\u00fa e\u0161te jednu technol\u00f3giu, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee monitorovanie sopiek v\u00fdrazne zmeni\u0165. Projekt SAFAtor testuje met\u00f3du nazvan\u00fa Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). T\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edva be\u017en\u00e9 telekomunika\u010dn\u00e9 optick\u00e9 k\u00e1ble ulo\u017een\u00e9 pod zemou.<\/p>\n

Do optick\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna sa vy\u0161le laserov\u00fd impulz. Ke\u010f sa zem nepatrne pohne, k\u00e1bel sa minim\u00e1lne natiahne a zmen\u00ed odraz lasera. Tento rozdiel dok\u00e1\u017ee senzor zachyti\u0165.<\/p>\n

V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee optick\u00fd k\u00e1bel sa zmen\u00ed na tis\u00edce mikrosenzorov rozlo\u017een\u00fdch po celej svojej d\u013a\u017eke.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia by mohla v bud\u00facnosti sledova\u0165 seizmick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly aj v oblastiach, kde u\u017e existuje telekomunika\u010dn\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara.<\/p>\n

Ak sa tieto syst\u00e9my osved\u010dia na viacer\u00fdch sopk\u00e1ch, vedci z\u00edskaj\u00fa \u00faplne nov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na sledovanie pohybu magmy hlboko pod zemou. Tak\u00e9to inform\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eu poskytn\u00fa\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd n\u00e1skok pri ochrane \u013eud\u00ed \u017eij\u00facich v bl\u00edzkosti akt\u00edvnych sopiek.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Predpovedanie sope\u010dn\u00fdch erupci\u00ed patr\u00ed medzi naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ie \u00falohy geol\u00f3gie. Sopky s\u00edce \u010dasto vysielaj\u00fa varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, no presn\u00fd moment v\u00fdbuchu…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20912,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[10141,3399,2779,10142,33,10143,10144,43,40,42,10145,10146,36,50,3783,49,48,10147],"class_list":{"0":"post-20911","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-erupcia","9":"tag-evakuacia","10":"tag-ludia","11":"tag-monitorovanie","12":"tag-news","13":"tag-pohyb-magmy","14":"tag-signal","15":"tag-sk","16":"tag-slovak","17":"tag-slovencina","18":"tag-sopecna-erupcia","19":"tag-sopka","20":"tag-spravy","21":"tag-svet","22":"tag-varovanie","23":"tag-world","24":"tag-world-news","25":"tag-zemetrasenia"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116244857768653367","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20911"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20911\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}