{"id":22716,"date":"2026-03-19T12:07:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-19T12:07:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/22716\/"},"modified":"2026-03-19T12:07:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T12:07:07","slug":"v-pompejach-objavili-vyskumnici-legendarnu-anticku-zbran-ta-fungovala-ako-staroveky-gulomet-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/22716\/","title":{"rendered":"V Pompej\u00e1ch objavili v\u00fdskumn\u00edci legend\u00e1rnu antick\u00fa zbra\u0148: T\u00e1 fungovala ako „starovek\u00fd gu\u013eomet“ | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pompeje ukr\u00fdvaj\u00fa ove\u013ea viac ne\u017e len zamrznut\u00fd moment v\u00fdbuchu Vezuvu. Najnov\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum nazna\u010dil, \u017ee ich m\u00fary nes\u00fa aj stopy po zbrani, ktor\u00e1 pripom\u00edna starovek\u00fd \u201egu\u013eomet\u201c. Ide o mechanizmus, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1zal vystreli\u0165 s\u00e9riu projektilov za sebou.<\/p>\n

T\u00edm vedcov pod veden\u00edm Adriany Rossi z University of Campania analyzoval severn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 opevnenia Pompej\u00ed. Ihne\u010f im udreli do o\u010d\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tne po\u0161kodenia, mal\u00e9 dutiny v kameni, zoraden\u00e9 v pravideln\u00fdch vzoroch, p\u00ed\u0161e Popular Mechanics.<\/a>\u00a0Vedcov zaujalo na t\u00fdchto stop\u00e1ch hlavne to, \u017ee Nep\u00f4sobili n\u00e1hodne. Pr\u00e1ve naopak, vytv\u00e1rali na m\u00fare l\u00ednie a obl\u00faky, ktor\u00e9 vyzeraj\u00fa a\u017e neprirodzene presne.<\/p>\n

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Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

Stopy, ktor\u00e9 uk\u00e1zali nie\u010do nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9<\/p>\n

Tieto po\u0161kodenia maj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00fd tvar, \u0161tvorhrann\u00e9 jamky, rozmiestnen\u00e9 v tesn\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch a pravideln\u00fdch rozostupoch. Tak\u00fdto vzor nevznikol klasick\u00fdm obliehan\u00edm, kde sa pou\u017e\u00edvali katapulty alebo baranidl\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Vedci porovnali tieto stopy s r\u00f4znymi zn\u00e1mymi zbra\u0148ami z r\u00edmskeho obdobia. V\u00fdsledok bol prekvapiv\u00fd, ni\u010d nesedelo, a\u017e na jednu v\u00fdnimku, ktorou bol takzvan\u00fd polybolos.<\/p>\n

\u201eTvar a rozostupy z\u00e1sahov zodpovedaj\u00fa vojensk\u00fdm \u0161\u00edpkam z dan\u00e9ho obdobia a nezodpovedaj\u00fa \u017eiadnej inej zn\u00e1mej zbrani,\u201c uviedol v\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea nich tieto stopy vznikli po\u010das obliehania Pompej\u00ed<\/a> v roku 89 pred n. l., ke\u010f mesto dobyli vojsk\u00e1 r\u00edmskeho gener\u00e1la Lucia Cornelia Sullu. O necel\u00e9 dve storo\u010dia nesk\u00f4r mesto zasypal Vezuv, \u010d\u00edm zakonzervoval aj tieto bojov\u00e9 stopy.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
\n <\/p>\n

\"Tvoje\"Tvoje <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPopul\u00e1rna spravodajsk\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia pre iOS a Android dostala ve\u013ek\u00fa aktualiz\u00e1ciu. Pribudlo mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed\u0161 vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Starovek\u00fd gu\u013eomet fungoval na porovnate\u013en\u00fdch mechanizmoch ako modern\u00e9 zbrane<\/p>\n

Polybolos patr\u00ed medzi najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161ie vojensk\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy staroveku. Vymyslel ho pravdepodobne gr\u00e9cky in\u017einier Dion\u00fdzios z Alexandrie v 3. storo\u010d\u00ed pred n. l.<\/p>\n

Na rozdiel od be\u017en\u00fdch katapultov ne\u0161lo o jednorazov\u00fd v\u00fdstrel. Polybolos vyu\u017e\u00edval mechanizmus s re\u0165azov\u00fdm pohonom a ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami, ktor\u00fd automaticky nab\u00edjal \u0161\u00edpky a strie\u013eal ich v r\u00fdchlom slede za sebou.<\/p>\n

A pr\u00e1ve tento detail je fascinuj\u00faci. Re\u0165azov\u00fd prevod si dnes sp\u00e1ja\u0161 s bicyklom alebo motorkou, no tento princ\u00edp sa objavil u\u017e pred viac ne\u017e 2 000 rokmi. Ot\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm k\u013euky sa rozbehla \u010dl\u00e1nkov\u00e1 re\u0165az, ktor\u00e1 najprv natiahla tetivu a n\u00e1sledne zo z\u00e1sobn\u00edka uvo\u013enila \u010fal\u0161\u00ed projektil do dr\u00e1\u017eky.<\/p>\n

Ide o jeden z najstar\u0161\u00edch dolo\u017een\u00fdch pr\u00edkladov tak\u00e9hoto mechanizmu v hist\u00f3rii techniky<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nebol len r\u00fdchly, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 aj presn\u00fd<\/p>\n

Polybolos nebol len r\u00fdchly, ale aj extr\u00e9mne presn\u00fd.\u00a0 Modern\u00e9 zbrane \u010dasto po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa s ur\u010dit\u00fdm rozptylom, aby zasiahli v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu plochu. Polybolos v\u0161ak pod\u013ea starovek\u00fdch opisov strie\u013eal tak presne, \u017ee \u0161\u00edpy dopadali takmer na rovnak\u00e9 miesto.<\/p>\n

\u201eZostavenie modelu polybolu pod\u013ea Fil\u00f3novho opisu n\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed detailnej\u0161ie presk\u00fama\u0165 jeho technick\u00e9 vlastnosti,\u201c uviedli vedci: \u201ea pr\u00e1ve tieto vlastnosti nazna\u010duj\u00fa mechanick\u00fa presnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 nemala v tej dobe obdobu.\u201c<\/p>\n

Stopy na m\u00faroch Pompej\u00ed t\u00fato presnos\u0165 potvrdzuj\u00fa. Tesn\u00e9 klastre z\u00e1sahov nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee zbra\u0148 nezasahovala n\u00e1hodne, ale cielene. V praxi to mohlo znamena\u0165 systematick\u00e9 ni\u010denie konkr\u00e9tnych slab\u00fdch miest hradieb alebo presn\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy obrancov na ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u00fasekoch.<\/p>\n

Polybolos zmenil rytmus boja a vystavil protivn\u00edkov psychologick\u00e9mu tlaku<\/p>\n

Starovek\u00fd boj mal svoj rytmus. V\u00fdstrel, nab\u00edjanie, \u010dakanie, \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdstrel. Tento cyklus ur\u010doval tempo konfliktu. Polybolos tento rytmus rozbil.<\/p>\n

Zrazu sa objavil stroj, ktor\u00fd nepotreboval pauzu na nab\u00edjanie. K\u00fdm klasick\u00e9 zbrane si vy\u017eadovali \u010das, polybolos dok\u00e1zal strie\u013ea\u0165 s\u00e9riu projektilov bez v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho preru\u0161enia.<\/p>\n

Pre obrancov to znamenalo obrovsk\u00fd psychologick\u00fd tlak. Namiesto jednotliv\u00fdch v\u00fdstrelov \u010delili kontinu\u00e1lnej pa\u013ebe, ktor\u00e1 pripom\u00ednala modern\u00fd koncept potla\u010dovacej pa\u013eby, dr\u017eanie nepriate\u013ea \u201epri zemi\u201c, k\u00fdm \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk postupuje.<\/p>\n

Aj preto tieto stopy v kameni nepredstavuj\u00fa len fyzick\u00e9 po\u0161kodenie, ale aj d\u00f4kaz o zmene sp\u00f4sobu boja.<\/p>\n

\"Erupcia\"ErupciaZdroj: Vosveteit.sk, AI
\nTechnol\u00f3gia, ktor\u00e1 predbehla svoju dobu<\/p>\n

Polybolos dlh\u00e9 roky existoval len v textoch, najm\u00e4 v dielach Fil\u00f3na z Byzancie. Nikto nena\u0161iel jeho fyzick\u00fd exempl\u00e1r. Pr\u00e1ve preto m\u00e1 tento objav tak\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Nejde o samotn\u00fa zbra\u0148<\/a>, ale o jej \u201eodtla\u010dok\u201c v realite.<\/p>\n

Vedci pou\u017eili modern\u00e9 met\u00f3dy ako 3D skenovanie, fotogrametriu a laserov\u00e9 mapovanie, aby tieto stopy detailne analyzovali. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee ide o nie\u010do, \u010do presahuje be\u017en\u00e9 zbrane tej doby.<\/p>\n

Pompeje tak nepon\u00fakaj\u00fa len obraz \u017eivota, ktor\u00fd ukon\u010dil v\u00fdbuch sopky. Ukazuj\u00fa aj moment, ke\u010f sa technol\u00f3gia vo vojne posunula dopredu sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd si dnes sp\u00e1jame sk\u00f4r s ove\u013ea modernej\u0161\u00edmi obdobiami.<\/p>\n

\u010ci sa definit\u00edvne potvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ide pr\u00e1ve o polybolos, uk\u00e1\u017ee a\u017e \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum. U\u017e teraz v\u0161ak tieto n\u00e1lezy nazna\u010dili, \u017ee starovek\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy experimentovali s mechanizmami, ktor\u00e9 p\u00f4sobili prekvapivo moderne aj z dne\u0161n\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Pompeje ukr\u00fdvaj\u00fa ove\u013ea viac ne\u017e len zamrznut\u00fd moment v\u00fdbuchu Vezuvu. Najnov\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum nazna\u010dil, \u017ee ich m\u00fary nes\u00fa aj…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22717,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[11012,11013,10141,11014,5887,11015,11016,11017,11018,43,40,39,42,41,10146,69,68,11019],"class_list":{"0":"post-22716","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-sport","8":"tag-anticke","9":"tag-anticky-gulomet","10":"tag-erupcia","11":"tag-hradby","12":"tag-objav","13":"tag-pochovane-mesto","14":"tag-polybolos","15":"tag-pompeje","16":"tag-sipy","17":"tag-sk","18":"tag-slovak","19":"tag-slovakia","20":"tag-slovencina","21":"tag-slovensko","22":"tag-sopka","23":"tag-sport","24":"tag-sports","25":"tag-vezuv"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116255761701519956","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22716\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}