{"id":28937,"date":"2026-03-26T22:42:21","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T22:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/28937\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T22:42:21","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T22:42:21","slug":"baterie-buducnosti-sa-rozpadaju-skor-nez-by-mali-vedci-odhalili-proces-ktory-ich-nici-zvnutra-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/28937\/","title":{"rendered":"Bat\u00e9rie bud\u00facnosti sa rozpadaj\u00fa sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e by mali. Vedci odhalili proces, ktor\u00fd ich ni\u010d\u00ed zvn\u00fatra | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vedci z Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/a> pri\u0161li s objavom, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00e1sadne ovplyvni\u0165 v\u00fdvoj bat\u00e9ri\u00ed bud\u00facnosti. Pozreli sa na probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd brzdil takzvan\u00e9 solid-state bat\u00e9rie cel\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia a zistili, \u017ee ho ch\u00e1peme nespr\u00e1vne.<\/p>\n

Tieto bat\u00e9rie s pevn\u00fdm elektrolytom s\u013eubovali viac energie, vy\u0161\u0161iu bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 aj dlh\u0161iu \u017eivotnos\u0165 ne\u017e klasick\u00e9 l\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky. Namiesto kvapaliny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pevn\u00fd materi\u00e1l a ako an\u00f3du \u010dasto \u010dist\u00fd l\u00edtiov\u00fd kov. Pr\u00e1ve ten sp\u00f4sobuje probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd v\u00fdvoj prakticky zasekol.<\/p>\n

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Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom s\u00fa takzvan\u00e9 dendrity, teda drobn\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 \u201etrhliny\u201c, ktor\u00e9 postupne prerast\u00fa elektrolytom. Ke\u010f sa dostan\u00fa na druh\u00fa stranu, sp\u00f4sobia skrat a bat\u00e9ria zlyh\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee dendrity boli roky podce\u0148ovan\u00e9<\/p>\n

Vedci dlh\u00e9 roky verili, \u017ee dendrity vznikn\u00fa kv\u00f4li mechanick\u00e9mu tlaku. Predstavovali si ich ako praskliny v bet\u00f3ne, ktor\u00e9 vytla\u010d\u00ed rast\u00faci kore\u0148. Predpokladali teda, \u017ee ak elektrolyt zosilnie, trhliny sa zastavia. Nov\u00fd v\u00fdskum ale uk\u00e1zal prav\u00fd opak.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edci\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edciZdroj: MIT \u2013 Cole Fincher, Yet-Ming Chiang (CC BY-NC-ND)<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00edm vytvoril \u0161peci\u00e1lnu bat\u00e9riu, do ktorej vedci videli zboku, a sledoval rast dendritov priamo v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 pou\u017eil optick\u00fa met\u00f3du na meranie nap\u00e4tia v materi\u00e1li.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
\n <\/p>\n

\"Tvoje\"Tvoje <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPopul\u00e1rna spravodajsk\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia pre iOS a Android dostala ve\u013ek\u00fa aktualiz\u00e1ciu. Pribudlo mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed\u0161 vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 <\/p>\n

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\u201eO\u010dak\u00e1vali sme, \u017ee r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed rast dendritov vytvor\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161ie nap\u00e4tie. Namiesto toho sme videli presn\u00fd opak,\u201c vysvetlil Yet-Ming Chiang, jeden z autorov v\u00fdskumu.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie dendrity r\u00e1stli, t\u00fdm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed tlak v okol\u00ed namerali.<\/p>\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k tomuto objavu bola met\u00f3da, ktor\u00e1 funguje podobne ako polariza\u010dn\u00e9 slne\u010dn\u00e9 okuliare. Ke\u010f svetlo pre\u0161lo cez nam\u00e1han\u00fd materi\u00e1l, zmenilo svoju orient\u00e1ciu a vytvorilo farebn\u00e9 vzory. Ide o rovnak\u00e9 vzory, ktor\u00e9 si m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 vidie\u0165 na skle auta alebo plastovom prav\u00edtku, ke\u010f ho ohne\u0161.<\/p>\n

Vedci tak prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t \u201evideli\u201c mechanick\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie priamo po\u010das rastu dendritu. Namiesto o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9ho n\u00e1rastu sa nap\u00e4tie zni\u017eovalo. To bol moment, ktor\u00fd oto\u010dil cel\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sk\u00fasili pou\u017ei\u0165 na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mu \u0161peci\u00e1lny materi\u00e1l<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskum sa zameral na materi\u00e1l zn\u00e1my ako LLZO (oxid l\u00edtia, lant\u00e1nu a zirk\u00f3nu). V odborn\u00fdch kruhoch ide o jeden z najperspekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edch pevn\u00fdch elektrolytov.<\/p>\n

Je extr\u00e9mne tvrd\u00fd a pova\u017eoval sa za ide\u00e1lne rie\u0161enie proti dendritom. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci mali jasn\u00fa my\u0161lienku, ak aj tento \u201esupermateri\u00e1l\u201c po\u010das nab\u00edjania strat\u00ed pevnos\u0165, probl\u00e9m nebude len v kvalite materi\u00e1lu, ale v samotnej ch\u00e9mii.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve pri tomto experimente sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee probl\u00e9m nesp\u00f4sob\u00ed tlak, ale chemick\u00e1 reakcia. Ke\u010f bat\u00e9ria pracuje, elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad tla\u010d\u00ed l\u00edtiov\u00e9 i\u00f3ny cez elektrolyt. Na \u0161pi\u010dke dendritu vznikne extr\u00e9mne koncentrovan\u00fd tok, ktor\u00fd za\u010dne materi\u00e1l rozklada\u0165. Elektrolyt tak strat\u00ed pevnos\u0165 e\u0161te predt\u00fdm, ne\u017e sa dok\u00e1\u017ee \u201ebr\u00e1ni\u0165\u201c.<\/p>\n

Trhliny vznikli u\u017e pri nap\u00e4t\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 dosiahlo len asi \u0161tvrtinu o\u010dak\u00e1vanej hodnoty. Materi\u00e1l teda zoslabol po\u010das samotnej prev\u00e1dzky.<\/p>\n

\u201eKe\u010f otestujeme elektrolyt samostatne, je pevn\u00fd ako zub. Po\u010das nab\u00edjania ale v\u00fdrazne zoslabne, sk\u00f4r pripom\u00edna krehk\u00e9 l\u00edzatko,\u201c opisuje scen\u00e1r spoluautor v\u00fdskumu, Cole Fincher.<\/p>\n

Vedci sa na dendrity pozreli na \u00farovni at\u00f3mov<\/p>\n

Autori \u0161t\u00fadie pou\u017eili pokro\u010dil\u00e9 zobrazovanie pri extr\u00e9mne n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch, v\u010faka \u010domu at\u00f3movej \u00farovni videli, \u010do sa deje v okol\u00ed dendritu.<\/p>\n

Elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad spustil rozpad kry\u0161talickej \u0161trukt\u00fary elektrolytu. Materi\u00e1l zmenil objem a stal sa krehkej\u0161\u00edm. Tento proces vysvetlil, pre\u010do dendrity dok\u00e1zali prer\u00e1s\u0165 aj cez tvrd\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n

\"Lep\u0161ie\"Lep\u0161ieZdroj: Vosveteit.sk, AI<\/p>\n

Tento objav men\u00ed sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm veda za\u010d\u00edna uva\u017eova\u0165 o solid-state bat\u00e9ri\u00e1ch<\/a>. Prv\u00e1 cesta vedie cez chemick\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry. Ide o ultratenk\u00e9 vrstvy medzi l\u00edtiom a elektrolytom, ktor\u00e9 zabr\u00e1nia priamemu kontaktu a n\u00e1slednej reakcii.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 cesta ide e\u0161te \u010falej. Vedci sk\u00famaj\u00fa materi\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 pri vzniku trhliny zareaguj\u00fa, spevnia sa alebo ju \u201ezalepia\u201c. Tak\u00e9to spr\u00e1vanie pripom\u00edna samoopravn\u00e9<\/a> syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

\u201eObjavili sme nov\u00fd mechanizmus rastu dendritov, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed h\u013eada\u0165 rie\u0161enia a navrhn\u00fa\u0165 \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 solid-state bat\u00e9rie,\u201c dod\u00e1va Chiang.<\/p>\n

Solid-state bat\u00e9rie st\u00e1le l\u00e1kaj\u00fa obrovsk\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lom. L\u00edtiov\u00fd kov dok\u00e1\u017ee ulo\u017ei\u0165 viac energie ne\u017e dne\u0161n\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, \u010do by znamenalo v\u00fdrazne dlh\u0161iu v\u00fddr\u017e zariaden\u00ed alebo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed dojazd elektromobilov<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tento v\u00fdskum ale uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee probl\u00e9m je hlb\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e sa zdalo. Nesta\u010d\u00ed vytvori\u0165 pevnej\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1l. Treba pochopi\u0165 a kontrolova\u0165 chemick\u00e9 procesy, ktor\u00e9 ho po\u010das pou\u017e\u00edvania menia.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Vedci z Massachusetts Institute of Technology pri\u0161li s objavom, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00e1sadne ovplyvni\u0165 v\u00fdvoj bat\u00e9ri\u00ed bud\u00facnosti. Pozreli sa…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":28938,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[7726,8582,13241,2573,13242,798,33,11708,843,43,40,42,10402,13243,36,50,49,48,13244],"class_list":{"0":"post-28937","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-baterie","9":"tag-chyba","10":"tag-dendrity","11":"tag-elektromobily","12":"tag-litium-ion","13":"tag-material","14":"tag-news","15":"tag-pokrok","16":"tag-riesenie","17":"tag-sk","18":"tag-slovak","19":"tag-slovencina","20":"tag-smartfony","21":"tag-solid-state","22":"tag-spravy","23":"tag-svet","24":"tag-world","25":"tag-world-news","26":"tag-zariadenia"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116297894674215942","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28937"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28937\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}