QUITO – Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead vyzeral ako m\u0155tvy a napadnut\u00fd parazitom. Nov\u00fd druh pav\u00faka z Amaz\u00f3nie v\u0161ak vedcov prekvapil, jeho desiv\u00fd vzh\u013ead je v skuto\u010dnosti d\u00f4myselnou strat\u00e9giou pre\u017eitia.<\/p>\n
Objav z amazonsk\u00e9ho pralesa op\u00e4\u0165 ukazuje, ak\u00e9 ne\u010dakan\u00e9 formy dok\u00e1\u017ee evol\u00facia vytvori\u0165. Vedci narazili na nov\u00fd druh pav\u00faka, ktor\u00fd si osvojil netradi\u010dn\u00fa taktiku \u2013 predstiera, \u017ee je m\u0155tvy a napadnut\u00fd hubou. Pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka tomu unik\u00e1 pred\u00e1torom a z\u00e1rove\u0148 dok\u00e1\u017ee oklama\u0165 svoju koris\u0165. Na zvl\u00e1\u0161tneho tvora narazil Alexander Bentley z ochran\u00e1rskej organiz\u00e1cie Waska Amazon\u00eda po\u010das no\u010dn\u00e9ho prieskumu v Ekv\u00e1dore. Spo\u010diatku si myslel, \u017ee ide o be\u017en\u00fa obe\u0165 parazitickej huby cordyceps, ktor\u00e1 je zn\u00e1ma t\u00fdm, \u017ee nap\u00e1da hmyz a men\u00ed ho na \u201e\u017eiv\u00e9 m\u0155tvoly\u201c. Pav\u00fak mal toti\u017e na tele \u017eltkast\u00e9 v\u00fdrastky pripom\u00ednaj\u00face plesne, informuje The New York Times<\/a>.<\/p>\n Svoju smr\u0165 len predstieral<\/p>\n Prekvapenie pri\u0161lo vo chv\u00edli, ke\u010f sa \u201em\u0155tvy\u201c organizmus za\u010dal h\u00fdba\u0165. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee nejde o infikovan\u00e9ho jedinca, ale o doposia\u013e nezn\u00e1my druh, ktor\u00fd tento vzh\u013ead len napodob\u0148uje. Cordyceps patr\u00ed medzi najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie parazitick\u00e9 huby a v pr\u00edrode skuto\u010dne dok\u00e1\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 spr\u00e1vanie svojich hostite\u013eov. Napadnut\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy \u010dasto kon\u010dia paralyzovan\u00e9 a \u010dakaj\u00fa na smr\u0165, pri\u010dom huba sa n\u00e1sledne \u0161\u00edri \u010falej. Pr\u00e1ve tento jav sa stal in\u0161pir\u00e1ciou aj pre popul\u00e1rnu kult\u00faru.<\/p>\n Nov\u00fd pav\u00fak v\u0161ak tento mechanizmus iba imituje. Vedci ho pomenovali Taczanowskia waska a zistili, \u017ee ide o unik\u00e1t aj z h\u013eadiska spr\u00e1vania. Na rozdiel od mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch druhov si nestavia siete. Namiesto toho sa spolieha na moment prekvapenia \u2013 ke\u010f sa koris\u0165 pribl\u00ed\u017ei k \u201ene\u0161kodn\u00e9mu\u201c objektu, pav\u00fak ju bleskovo chyt\u00ed predn\u00fdmi nohami.<\/p>\n V\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edklad mimikry<\/p>\n K identifik\u00e1cii druhu prispela aj spolupr\u00e1ca vedcov a verejnosti. Fotografie objavu sa objavili na platforme iNaturalist, kde pomohli odborn\u00edci aj nad\u0161enci. N\u00e1sledne sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee podobn\u00fd exempl\u00e1r bol zachyten\u00fd u\u017e za\u010diatkom 20. storo\u010dia v Bol\u00edvii, no dlh\u00e9 roky zostal nepov\u0161imnut\u00fd v zbierkach m\u00fazea.<\/p>\n Pod\u013ea vedcov ide o v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edklad mimikry \u2013 schopnosti napodob\u0148ova\u0165 in\u00e9 organizmy \u010di javy v pr\u00edrode. Tento pav\u00fak sa vyvinul tak, aby p\u00f4sobil ako bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fd, odumieraj\u00faci objekt, \u010d\u00edm zni\u017euje riziko \u00fatoku zo strany pred\u00e1torov a z\u00e1rove\u0148 si u\u013eah\u010duje lov. Ani t\u00e1to strat\u00e9gia v\u0161ak nie je dokonal\u00e1. Skuto\u010dn\u00e9 parazitick\u00e9 huby ho m\u00f4\u017eu napadn\u00fa\u0165 rovnako ako in\u00e9 bezstavovce. Napriek tomu ide o fascinuj\u00facu uk\u00e1\u017eku toho, ako sa \u017eivot v extr\u00e9mnych podmienkach dok\u00e1\u017ee prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 a pre\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"QUITO – Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead vyzeral ako m\u0155tvy a napadnut\u00fd parazitom. Nov\u00fd druh pav\u00faka z Amaz\u00f3nie v\u0161ak vedcov…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":30005,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[34,37,33,5887,13632,43,40,39,42,41,36,38,35,10885],"class_list":{"0":"post-30004","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-spravy","8":"tag-headlines","9":"tag-hlavne-spravy","10":"tag-news","11":"tag-objav","12":"tag-pavuk","13":"tag-sk","14":"tag-slovak","15":"tag-slovakia","16":"tag-slovencina","17":"tag-slovensko","18":"tag-spravy","19":"tag-titulky","20":"tag-top-stories","21":"tag-veda"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116306120786177765","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30004","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30004"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30004\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}