{"id":30620,"date":"2026-03-29T02:52:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T02:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/30620\/"},"modified":"2026-03-29T02:52:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T02:52:08","slug":"preco-neandertalci-zmizli-z-povrchu-zeme-nova-studia-prinasa-detailny-pohlad-na-zasadne-problemy-ktorym-celili-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/30620\/","title":{"rendered":"Pre\u010do Neandert\u00e1lci zmizli z povrchu Zeme? Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia prin\u00e1\u0161a detailn\u00fd poh\u013ead na z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00fdm \u010delili | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Neandert\u00e1lci p\u00f4sobia v popul\u00e1rnej predstave ako drsn\u00ed lovci, ktor\u00ed zaplnili Eur\u00f3pu a ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 \u00c1zie. Realita v\u0161ak \u010dastokr\u00e1t p\u00f4sob\u00ed menej vzne\u0161ene, ne\u017e na\u0161e predstavy. Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee ich bolo prekvapivo m\u00e1lo a \u017eili v mal\u00fdch, izolovan\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch.\u00a0To malo jeden z\u00e1sadn\u00fd d\u00f4sledok, \u010dasto sa rozmno\u017eovali medzi sebou.<\/p>\n

Neandert\u00e1lci \u017eili v men\u0161\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 boli od seba \u010falej<\/p>\n

Vedci analyzovali DNA<\/a> viacer\u00fdch neandert\u00e1lcov z r\u00f4znych \u010dast\u00ed Eur\u00e1zie, informuje IFL Science.<\/a>\u00a0Porovnali jedinca zo sib\u00edrskej Denisovej jaskyne, \u010fal\u0161ieho z toho ist\u00e9ho miesta a jedinca z Chorv\u00e1tska. Genetick\u00e9 rozdiely medzi t\u00fdmito skupinami boli v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ne\u017e rozdiely medzi niektor\u00fdmi dne\u0161n\u00fdmi \u013eudsk\u00fdmi popul\u00e1ciami, ktor\u00e9 \u017eili oddelene ove\u013ea dlh\u0161ie. To znamen\u00e1 jedin\u00e9, neandert\u00e1lci netvorili jednu prepojen\u00fa popul\u00e1ciu, ale mno\u017estvo mal\u00fdch \u201eostrovov\u201c, ktor\u00e9 sa medzi sebou takmer nestret\u00e1vali.<\/p>\n

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Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
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\u201e\u00darove\u0148 genetick\u00fdch rozdielov bola vy\u0161\u0161ia ne\u017e medzi najviac odli\u0161n\u00fdmi modern\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi,\u201c hovoria autori \u0161t\u00fadie.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00fdm dychom dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee tak\u00fdto v\u00fdsledok nevznikol bez dlhodobej izol\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

\"A\u017e\"A\u017eZdroj: DALL-E, Vosvetiet.sk
\nIncest bol pod\u013ea autorov \u0161t\u00fadie na dennej rutine<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f skupina obsahovala len p\u00e1r jedincov, v\u00fdber partnerov sa drasticky z\u00fa\u017eil. Neandert\u00e1lci sa tak \u010dasto dostali do situ\u00e1cie, ke\u010f siahli po najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch partneroch, doslova.<\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza DNA jedn\u00e9ho neandert\u00e1lca<\/a> z pohoria Altaj uk\u00e1zala extr\u00e9mny pr\u00edpad. Jeho rodi\u010dia boli pravdepodobne polovi\u010dn\u00ed s\u00farodenci. Tak\u00e9to bl\u00edzke pr\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 kr\u00ed\u017eenie viedlo k hromadeniu \u0161kodliv\u00fdch mut\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
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\"Tvoje\"Tvoje <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPopul\u00e1rna spravodajsk\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia pre iOS a Android dostala ve\u013ek\u00fa aktualiz\u00e1ciu. Pribudlo mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed\u0161 vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 <\/p>\n

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Dlhodobo to znamenalo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vroden\u00fdch v\u00e1d, slab\u0161iu odolnos\u0165 organizmu a ni\u017e\u0161iu plodnos\u0165. Celkov\u00fd obraz tak nep\u00f4sobil stabilne. Vedci odhadli, \u017ee popul\u00e1cia neandert\u00e1lcov pozost\u00e1vala len z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch tis\u00edc reproduk\u010dn\u00fdch p\u00e1rov roztr\u00fasen\u00fdch na obrovskom \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd v\u00fdskum sa pozrel na mitochondri\u00e1lnu DNA neandert\u00e1lcov z r\u00f4znych \u010dast\u00ed Eur\u00f3py. Pribli\u017ene pred 73 000 rokmi zasiahla kontinent extr\u00e9mna doba \u013eadov\u00e1. Neandert\u00e1lci stratili ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 svojho \u00fazemia a pre\u017eili len v men\u0161\u00edch \u00fato\u010disk\u00e1ch, najm\u00e4 na juhu Franc\u00fazska a na Pyrenejskom polostrove.<\/p>\n

Tento moment vytvoril popula\u010dn\u00e9 \u201e\u00fazke hrdlo\u201c. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina genetickej rozmanitosti zmizla a pre\u017eila len mal\u00e1 skupina jedincov.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina genetickej rozmanitosti bola nahraden\u00e1 jedinou mitochondri\u00e1lnou l\u00edniou,\u201c tvrdia autori.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f sa podnebie nesk\u00f4r zlep\u0161ilo, neandert\u00e1lci sa s\u00edce roz\u0161\u00edrili sp\u00e4\u0165, no genetick\u00e1 pestros\u0165 sa u\u017e neobnovila.<\/p>\n

Izol\u00e1cia predstavovala probl\u00e9m aj pre ich kult\u00faru a technologick\u00fd rozvoj<\/p>\n

Mal\u00e9 skupiny nemali len genetick\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Izol\u00e1cia zasiahla aj kult\u00faru a technol\u00f3gie. V skupine s pribli\u017ene 10 a\u017e 15 \u010dlenmi sa vedomosti \u0161\u00edrili pomaly. Ak zomrel jedin\u00fd \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd ovl\u00e1dal v\u00fdrobu \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroja, t\u00e1to znalos\u0165 zmizla spolu s n\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Modern\u00ed \u013eudia fungovali inak. Vytvorili v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie a prepojen\u00e9 siete. Nov\u00fd n\u00e1pad sa dok\u00e1zal roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 na ve\u013ek\u00e9 vzdialenosti a pre\u017eil aj stratu jednotlivcov. Neandert\u00e1lci neboli menej inteligentn\u00ed, no ich soci\u00e1lna \u0161trukt\u00fara im nedovolila inovova\u0165 rovnak\u00fdm tempom.<\/p>\n

Po skon\u010den\u00ed \u013eadovej doby sa neandert\u00e1lci op\u00e4\u0165 roz\u0161\u00edrili po Eur\u00e1zii. Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead to vyzeralo ako n\u00e1vrat k norm\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Len\u017ee popul\u00e1cia zostala mal\u00e1 a geneticky oslaben\u00e1. Tak\u00fdto syst\u00e9m fungoval na hrane. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010fal\u0161ia zmena mala v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed dopad ne\u017e pri po\u010detnej popul\u00e1cii.<\/p>\n

\"bolo\"boloZdroj: Vosveteit.sk, AI
\nBoj medzi modern\u00fdm \u010dlovekom a Neandert\u00e1lcom existoval, no nebol to najv\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f sa pred pribli\u017ene 45 000 rokmi objavili v Eur\u00f3pe modern\u00ed \u013eudia, situ\u00e1cia sa e\u0161te viac skomplikovala. Homo sapiens pri\u0161iel v ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch po\u010dtoch a vytvoril hustej\u0161ie popul\u00e1cie.Neandert\u00e1lci sa nedostali len do konfliktu. \u010cas\u0165 z nich sa s modern\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi aj mie\u0161ala.<\/p>\n

A pr\u00e1ve tu nastal zauj\u00edmav\u00fd zlom. Pri tak malom po\u010dte neandert\u00e1lcov a ve\u013ekom po\u010dte modern\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed do\u0161lo k takzvan\u00e9mu \u201egenetick\u00e9mu zaplaveniu\u201c. Neandert\u00e1lci sa postupne rozpustili v genofonde<\/a> prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facich popul\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ak m\u00e1\u0161 neafrick\u00fd p\u00f4vod, tvoje telo nesie pribli\u017ene 1,5 a\u017e 2,1 % neandert\u00e1lskej DNA. Nejde o symbolick\u00fd zvy\u0161ok, tieto g\u00e9ny ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa napr\u00edklad imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m alebo vlastnosti poko\u017eky.<\/p>\n

\u201eEfekt\u00edvna ve\u013ekos\u0165 popul\u00e1cie zostala n\u00edzka a n\u00e1sledne prudko klesla,\u201c hovoria autori.<\/p>\n

Tieto nov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci ne\u010delili jednej katastrofe. Ich probl\u00e9m vznikal postupne. Za\u010dalo to izol\u00e1ciou a incestom. Nasledovala strata genetickej rozmanitosti, \u010d\u00edm vznikol krehk\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f pri\u0161li v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zmeny, nemali dostato\u010dn\u00fa rezervu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak \u00faplne nezmizli. Ich genetick\u00e1 stopa pre\u017eila v modern\u00fdch \u013eu\u010foch a dodnes ovplyv\u0148uje na\u0161e telo. Sk\u00f4r ne\u017e jednoduch\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o vyhynut\u00ed tak ide o komplikovan\u00fd proces, v ktorom sa jeden druh postupne prelial do druh\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Neandert\u00e1lci p\u00f4sobia v popul\u00e1rnej predstave ako drsn\u00ed lovci, ktor\u00ed zaplnili Eur\u00f3pu a ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 \u00c1zie. Realita v\u0161ak \u010dastokr\u00e1t…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":30621,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[11706,13905,4926,13906,13907,13908,13909,33,13910,842,43,40,42,36,50,13911,790,13912,49,48],"class_list":{"0":"post-30620","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-clovek","9":"tag-evolucia","10":"tag-historia","11":"tag-homo-sapiens","12":"tag-incest","13":"tag-krizenie","14":"tag-neandertalci","15":"tag-news","16":"tag-pribuzni","17":"tag-problemy","18":"tag-sk","19":"tag-slovak","20":"tag-slovencina","21":"tag-spravy","22":"tag-svet","23":"tag-uzemie","24":"tag-vojna","25":"tag-vyhynutie","26":"tag-world","27":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116310202299929077","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30620"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30620\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}