{"id":36196,"date":"2026-04-04T16:10:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T16:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/36196\/"},"modified":"2026-04-04T16:10:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T16:10:09","slug":"vedci-chcu-prepisat-ucebnice-o-vzniku-zeme-nova-studia-tvrdi-ze-voda-ani-stavebny-material-neprisli-spoza-jupiteru-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/36196\/","title":{"rendered":"Vedci chc\u00fa prep\u00edsa\u0165 u\u010debnice o vzniku Zeme. Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee voda ani stavebn\u00fd materi\u00e1l nepri\u0161li spoza Jupiteru | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vedci si roky l\u00e1mali hlavu nad t\u00fdm, odkia\u013e vlastne poch\u00e1dza materi\u00e1l, z ktor\u00e9ho vznikla Zem. Pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch hypot\u00e9z v\u00fdznamn\u00fd podiel pri\u0161iel a\u017e z oblast\u00ed za Jupiterom. Odhady hovoria dokonca o 6 a\u017e 40 percent\u00e1ch. O regi\u00f3ne za Jupiterom v\u00fdskumn\u00edci uva\u017euj\u00fa preto, lebo pr\u00e1ve tam sa nach\u00e1dza najviac prchav\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, vr\u00e1tane vody<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia z ETH Zurich v\u0161ak tento obraz v\u00fdrazne naru\u0161ila. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zali nie\u010do, \u010do v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov prekvapilo viac, ne\u017e \u010dakali. T\u00edm okolo Paola Sossiho a Dana Bowera sa pozrel na izotopy v meteoritoch odli\u0161n\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, ne\u017e sa robilo doteraz. Izotopy predstavuj\u00fa varianty rovnak\u00e9ho prvku, ktor\u00e9 sa l\u00ed\u0161ia hmotnos\u0165ou, informuje SciTech Daily.<\/a> Pr\u00e1ve tieto rozdiely funguj\u00fa ako ak\u00fdsi \u201eodtla\u010dok prsta\u201c, ktor\u00fd prezrad\u00ed, kde materi\u00e1l vznikol.<\/p>\n

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Vedci porovnali izotopov\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie r\u00f4znych meteoritov, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s Marsom alebo asteroidom Vesta, so zlo\u017een\u00edm Zeme. Nezostali pri dvoch typoch izotopov, ako b\u00fdvalo zvykom. Do anal\u00fdzy zahrnuli desa\u0165 r\u00f4znych izotopov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a pou\u017eili pokro\u010dil\u00e9 \u0161tatistick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy. Tu sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee sa Zem s ve\u013ekou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou vytvorila takmer v\u00fdlu\u010dne z materi\u00e1lu z vn\u00fatornej \u010dasti Slne\u010dnej s\u00fastavy<\/a>. Podiel l\u00e1tok spoza Jupiteru klesol pod\u013ea tejto anal\u00fdzy na menej ne\u017e 2 percent\u00e1. Je dokonca mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee neprispeli v\u00f4bec.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa\u0161e v\u00fdpo\u010dty jasne uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee stavebn\u00fd materi\u00e1l Zeme poch\u00e1dza z jedn\u00e9ho zdroja,\u201c vysvetlil Sossi, pri\u010dom jeho kolega dodal: \u201eBoli sme \u00faprimne prekvapen\u00ed, ke\u010f sme zistili, \u017ee Zem sa sklad\u00e1 v\u00fdlu\u010dne z materi\u00e1lu z vn\u00fatornej Slne\u010dnej s\u00fastavy.\u201c<\/p>\n

Tento z\u00e1ver ide proti doteraj\u0161ej predstave o ve\u013ekom mie\u0161an\u00ed materi\u00e1lu medzi vn\u00fatornou a vonkaj\u0161ou \u010das\u0165ou s\u00fastavy. Pr\u00e1ve toto mie\u0161anie malo zabezpe\u010di\u0165 pr\u00edsun vody a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch prchav\u00fdch l\u00e1tok na mlad\u00fa Zem. Nov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta v\u0161ak nazna\u010dili nie\u010do in\u00e9. Pr\u00e1ve tu sa za\u010d\u00edna rie\u0161i\u0165 dlhoro\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd geol\u00f3gov tr\u00e1pil cel\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia.<\/p>\n

\u0160t\u00fadia prin\u00e1\u0161a nov\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00f4\u017eu uzatvori\u0165 dlhoro\u010dn\u00fa \u201eizotopov\u00fa z\u00e1hadu\u201c<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci u\u017e d\u00e1vno zistili, \u017ee na\u0161a Zem vykazuje zvl\u00e1\u0161tne zlo\u017eenie niektor\u00fdch prvkov, napr\u00edklad v\u00e1pnika alebo tit\u00e1nu. Toto zlo\u017eenie sa nezhodovalo s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou meteoritov, ktor\u00e9 vedci analyzovali. Dlh\u00e9 roky preto predpokladali, \u017ee im v zbierkach ch\u00fdba nejak\u00fd z\u00e1sadn\u00fd typ vesm\u00edrneho kame\u0148a.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
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\"Tvoje\"Tvoje <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPopul\u00e1rna spravodajsk\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia pre iOS a Android dostala ve\u013ek\u00fa aktualiz\u00e1ciu. Pribudlo mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed\u0161 vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Protoplanet\u00e1rny\"Protoplanet\u00e1rnyZdroj: ESO\/L. Cal\u00e7ada<\/a><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia v\u0161ak nazna\u010dila jednoduch\u0161ie vysvetlenie. \u017diadny \u201ech\u00fdbaj\u00faci kame\u0148\u201c zrejme neexistuje. Probl\u00e9m vznikol sk\u00f4r v samotnom predpoklade, \u017ee Zem mus\u00ed predstavova\u0165 zmes r\u00f4znych zdrojov z celej Slne\u010dnej s\u00fastavy.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1ta teraz uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee Zem p\u00f4sob\u00ed sk\u00f4r ako jeden konzistentn\u00fd celok, materi\u00e1l z jedn\u00e9ho regi\u00f3nu, ktor\u00fd sa postupne zhlukol do plan\u00e9ty.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm sa otvorila e\u0161te d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia ot\u00e1zka, odkia\u013e sa vzala voda. Doteraj\u0161ie modely \u010dasto po\u010d\u00edtali s t\u00fdm, \u017ee vodu priniesli kom\u00e9ty alebo asteroidy z chladn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed za Jupiterom. Tento scen\u00e1r sa ozna\u010duje ako neskor\u00fd pr\u00edsun materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Len\u017ee ak Zem vznikla takmer v\u00fdlu\u010dne z vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, tento scen\u00e1r prest\u00e1va by\u0165 nevyhnutn\u00fd. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee voda mohla by\u0165 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u201ereceptu\u201c u\u017e od za\u010diatku. Vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 Slne\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00fastava tak zrejme nebola tak\u00e1 such\u00e1, ako sa predpokladalo.<\/p>\n

Pre h\u013eadanie \u017eivota vo vesm\u00edre ide o podstatn\u00fd posun. Ak sa voda udr\u017eala aj v materi\u00e1li bl\u00edzko hviezdy, podmienky vhodn\u00e9 pre \u017eivot nemusia by\u0165 tak vz\u00e1cne, ako nazna\u010dovali star\u0161ie modely.<\/p>\n

Jupiter hr\u00e1 op\u00e4\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v Slne\u010dnej s\u00fastave<\/p>\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa rolu v celom procese zohral Jupiter. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci ho s\u00edce ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako bari\u00e9ru, no aj napriek tomu jeho \u00faloha stoj\u00ed za pozornos\u0165. Jupiter r\u00e1stol extr\u00e9mne r\u00fdchlo, pravdepodobne u\u017e po\u010das prv\u00fdch mili\u00f3nov rokov existencie Slne\u010dnej s\u00fastavy. Svojou silnou gravit\u00e1ciou za\u010dal doslova \u201evys\u00e1va\u0165\u201c okolit\u00fd plyn a prach.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm vytvoril v protoplanet\u00e1rnom disku v\u00fdrazn\u00fa medzeru, pri\u010dom t\u00e1to \u0161trukt\u00fara fungovala ako fyzick\u00e1 prek\u00e1\u017eka. Prach a materi\u00e1l z vonkaj\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed sa cez \u0148u smerom k Slnku nedostal. Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky nazna\u010dili, \u017ee t\u00e1to bari\u00e9ra fungovala mimoriadne efekt\u00edvne.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa\u0161e v\u00fdpo\u010dty s\u00fa ve\u013emi robustn\u00e9 a stoja \u010disto na d\u00e1tach, nie na fyzik\u00e1lnych predpokladoch, ktor\u00e9 zatia\u013e \u00faplne nepozn\u00e1me,\u201c zd\u00f4raznil Bower.<\/p>\n

Bez tejto blok\u00e1dy by sa materi\u00e1l pravdepodobne premie\u0161al ove\u013ea viac. Zem by potom mohla obsahova\u0165 v\u00fdrazne vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed podiel vody a prchav\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Tak\u00fdto svet by vyzeral \u00faplne inak, mo\u017eno ako plan\u00e9ta pokryt\u00e1 oce\u00e1nom<\/a> bez v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch s\u00fa\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Exoplaneta\"\"Exoplaneta\"Zdroj: flickr.com (Hubble ESA) (CC BY 2.0)<\/a>
\nPlan\u00e9ty vn\u00fatornej Slne\u010dnej s\u00fastavy vznikali z jedn\u00e9ho bal\u00edka materi\u00e1lu<\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je aj porovnanie s in\u00fdmi telesami. Zlo\u017eenie Zeme sa ve\u013emi podob\u00e1 Marsu a asteroidu Vesta. To nazna\u010duje spolo\u010dn\u00fd p\u00f4vod materi\u00e1lu v tej istej \u010dasti disku. Vedci dokonca odhadli, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 aj Venu\u0161a a Merk\u00far. Priame potvrdenie v\u0161ak zatia\u013e ch\u00fdba, ke\u010f\u017ee z t\u00fdchto plan\u00e9t nem\u00e1me vzorky horn\u00edn.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskum tak neposunul len odpove\u010f na ot\u00e1zku \u201ez \u010doho vznikla Zem\u201c. Zmenil aj poh\u013ead na to, ako sa formovali plan\u00e9ty ako celok a ak\u00e9 podmienky pri tom vznikali.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Vedci si roky l\u00e1mali hlavu nad t\u00fdm, odkia\u013e vlastne poch\u00e1dza materi\u00e1l, z ktor\u00e9ho vznikla Zem. Pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch hypot\u00e9z…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":36197,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[13148,16053,34,37,16054,798,33,7869,16055,16056,43,40,39,42,41,36,38,35,3106,16057,16058,4134],"class_list":{"0":"post-36196","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-spravy","8":"tag-asteroidy","9":"tag-bariera","10":"tag-headlines","11":"tag-hlavne-spravy","12":"tag-jupiter","13":"tag-material","14":"tag-news","15":"tag-planeta","16":"tag-protoplanetarny-disk","17":"tag-prvky","18":"tag-sk","19":"tag-slovak","20":"tag-slovakia","21":"tag-slovencina","22":"tag-slovensko","23":"tag-spravy","24":"tag-titulky","25":"tag-top-stories","26":"tag-voda","27":"tag-vonkajsia-slnecna-sustava","28":"tag-vznik-zeme","29":"tag-zem"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116347314151781072","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36196"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36196\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}