{"id":39612,"date":"2026-04-08T19:57:12","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T19:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/39612\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T19:57:12","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T19:57:12","slug":"slovensky-institut-experimentalnej-fyziky-predstavil-model-ktory-riesi-zahadu-ciernych-dier-singularity-a-hmotnosti-v-jednom-fyziku-moze-posunut-milovymi-krokmi-vpred-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/39612\/","title":{"rendered":"Slovensk\u00fd In\u0161tit\u00fat experiment\u00e1lnej fyziky predstavil model, ktor\u00fd rie\u0161i z\u00e1hadu \u010diernych dier, singularity a hmotnosti v jednom: Fyziku m\u00f4\u017ee posun\u00fa\u0165 m\u00ed\u013eov\u00fdmi krokmi vpred | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fyzici u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia rie\u0161ia probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd vyzer\u00e1 ako chyba v samotn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladoch reality. \u010cierne diery pod\u013ea v\u00fdpo\u010dtov nezni\u010dia len hmotu, ale aj inform\u00e1ciu, \u010do predstavuje probl\u00e9m, preto\u017ee z\u00e1kony kvantovej fyziky jasne hovoria, \u017ee inform\u00e1cia nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zni\u010den\u00e1, len transformovan\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Na tento paradox upozornil e\u0161te Stephen Hawking v 70. rokoch. Uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee \u010dierne diery vy\u017earuj\u00fa tzv. Hawkingovo \u017eiarenie a postupne sa \u201evyparia\u201c. Pri tomto procese sa v\u0161ak inform\u00e1cia o tom, \u010do do nich spadlo, akoby stratila. Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia t\u00edmu z In\u0161tit\u00fatu experiment\u00e1lnej fyziky SAV<\/a>, ktor\u00fd viedol Richard Pin\u010d\u00e1k, pon\u00fakla rie\u0161enie, ktor\u00e9 ide inou cestou. Namiesto \u00faprav kvantovej mechaniky sa pozrela hlb\u0161ie na samotn\u00fd priestor.<\/p>\n

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Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
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Vedci pou\u017eili te\u00f3riu zn\u00e1mu ako Einstein-Cartanova gravit\u00e1cia. Na rozdiel od klasickej relativity od Alberta Einsteina<\/a> t\u00e1to verzia nepopisuje len zakrivenie priestoru, ale aj jeho \u201ekr\u00fatenie\u201c, tzv. torziu.<\/p>\n

Autori \u0161t\u00fadie hovoria, \u017ee ak si chceme lep\u0161ie predstavi\u0165 kr\u00fatenie \u010dasopriestoru, nem\u00f4\u017eeme ho ch\u00e1pa\u0165 len ako gumen\u00fa blanu, ktor\u00e1 sa preh\u00fdba pod v\u00e1hou hviezdy, ale ako elastick\u00fa tkaninu, ktor\u00fa m\u00f4\u017eeme aj kr\u00fati\u0165. Ke\u010f sa t\u00e1to elastick\u00e1 tkanina extr\u00e9mne stla\u010d\u00ed, napr\u00edklad pri vzniku \u010diernej diery,<\/a> za\u010dne sa br\u00e1ni\u0165. To vedci popisuj\u00fa ako torziu.<\/p>\n

\u010co sa stane, ke\u010f sa \u010dasopriestor pod gravit\u00e1ciou \u010diernej diery za\u010dne br\u00e1ni\u0165?<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve tu model uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pri extr\u00e9mnych hustot\u00e1ch torzia vytvor\u00ed odpudiv\u00fa silu. T\u00e1 zastav\u00ed kolaps aj fin\u00e1lnu f\u00e1zu vyparovania \u010diernej diery.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
\n <\/p>\n

\"Tvoje\"Tvoje <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPopul\u00e1rna spravodajsk\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia pre iOS a Android dostala ve\u013ek\u00fa aktualiz\u00e1ciu. Pribudlo mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed\u0161 vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 <\/p>\n

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\"cierna\"ciernaZdroj: Valentina Kalashnikova \/ Shutterstock.com<\/p>\n

\u201eGeometrick\u00e1 torzia vytv\u00e1ra odpudiv\u00fa silu, ktor\u00e1 zastav\u00ed posledn\u00fa f\u00e1zu hawkingovho vyparovania. \u010cierna diera tak nezmizne. Zostane po nej mal\u00fd, stabiln\u00fd objekt,\u201c vysvet\u013euje Pin\u010d\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm sa z\u00e1rove\u0148 rie\u0161i \u010fal\u0161\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00fd probl\u00e9m, singularita. V klasickej te\u00f3rii m\u00e1 \u010dierna diera v strede bod s nekone\u010dnou hustotou, kde prest\u00e1vaj\u00fa plati\u0165 fyzik\u00e1lne z\u00e1kony ako ich pozn\u00e1me. Vedci tak\u00fdto stav nemaj\u00fa radi, preto\u017ee ak sa v rovniciach objav\u00ed nekone\u010dno, spravidla to zna\u010d\u00ed bu\u010f chybu vo v\u00fdpo\u010dte, alebo ch\u00fdbaj\u00facu inform\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to nov\u00e1 te\u00f3ria singularitu odstr\u00e1nila. Odpudiv\u00e1 sila \u201erozmazala\u201c stred \u010diernej diery do kone\u010dn\u00e9ho objemu. Namiesto nekone\u010dna tak vznikol extr\u00e9mne hust\u00fd, ale st\u00e1le fyzik\u00e1lne pop\u00edsate\u013en\u00fd objekt. To je pre fyziku obrovsk\u00fd posun. Nov\u00fd model z\u00e1rove\u0148 dok\u00e1\u017ee vysvetli\u0165 aj to, kde sa singularita podela. Pod\u013ea modelu sa nikam nestratila, no ulo\u017eila sa do \u0161trukt\u00fary tohto kone\u010dn\u00e9ho objemu. Vedci hovoria o tzv. kv\u00e1zi-norm\u00e1lnych m\u00f3doch, ide o vibr\u00e1cie vn\u00fatri torzn\u00e9ho po\u013ea.<\/p>\n

\u201eInform\u00e1cia zost\u00e1va zak\u00f3dovan\u00e1 v dlhodob\u00fdch vibr\u00e1ci\u00e1ch torzn\u00e9ho po\u013ea. V\u00fdpo\u010dty uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee zvy\u0161ok po \u010diernej diere s hmotnos\u0165ou Slnka by vedel ulo\u017ei\u0165 pribli\u017ene 1,5 \u00d7 10\u2077\u2077 qubitov. To sta\u010d\u00ed na vyrie\u0161enie cel\u00e9ho paradoxu,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161u autori \u0161t\u00fadie.<\/p>\n

Model v\u0161ak v tomto pr\u00edpade siaha e\u0161te \u010falej, sp\u00e1ja sa aj s jednou z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1had \u010dasticovej fyziky.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edci\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edciZdroj: In\u0161tit\u00fat experiment\u00e1lnej fyziky Slovenskej akad\u00e9mie vied<\/a>
\nOdpove\u010f na to, pre\u010do je gravit\u00e1cia tak\u00e1 \u201eslab\u00e1\u201c<\/p>\n

Ide o tzv. probl\u00e9m hierarchie. Fyzici sa p\u00fdtaj\u00fa, pre\u010do je gravit\u00e1cia extr\u00e9mne slab\u00e1 v porovnan\u00ed s ostatn\u00fdmi silami. Magnet zdvihne kancel\u00e1rsku sponku proti celej gravit\u00e1cii Zeme, \u010do ned\u00e1va intuit\u00edvny zmysel. Pr\u00e1ve tu vstupuje do hry sedemrozmern\u00e1 geometria. Ke\u010f sa tento priestor \u201ezredukuje\u201c na na\u0161e \u0161tyri rozmery, objav\u00ed sa hodnota pribli\u017ene 246 GeV. T\u00e1 \u00fazko s\u00favis\u00ed s takzvan\u00fdm higgsovym po\u013eom, ktor\u00e9 d\u00e1va \u010dasticiam hmotnos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Sedem rozmerov a higgsove pole znie zlo\u017eito, no autori vysvet\u013euj\u00fa, \u017ee to, \u010do vid\u00ed\u0161 ako hmotnos\u0165, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 len \u201etie\u0148\u201c hlb\u0161ej geometrie. Gravit\u00e1cia sa v siedmich rozmeroch spr\u00e1va inak a jej slabos\u0165 v na\u0161om svete vych\u00e1dza z tejto skrytej \u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/p>\n

\u201eT\u00e1 ist\u00e1 geometrick\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165 poskytuje prirodzen\u00fd p\u00f4vod elektroslabej \u0161k\u00e1ly. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010d\u00edsla vo fyzike nemusia by\u0165 n\u00e1hodn\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017eu vych\u00e1dza\u0165 priamo z tvaru priestoru,\u201c tvrd\u00ed Pin\u010d\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

\"Odhalili\"OdhaliliZdroj: Vosveteit.sk, AI<\/p>\n

Efekty t\u00fdchto rozmerov sa v\u0161ak prejavia a\u017e pri hodnot\u00e1ch \u010faleko za mo\u017enos\u0165ami dne\u0161n\u00fdch ur\u00fdch\u013eova\u010dov, ako je CERN alebo Ve\u013ek\u00fd hadr\u00f3nov\u00fd ur\u00fdch\u013eova\u010d. To je z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do sme doteraz ni\u010d z toho nevideli.<\/p>\n

To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee te\u00f3riu neotestujeme. Nov\u00fd model predpoved\u00e1 overite\u013en\u00e9 veci, napr\u00edklad existenciu stabiln\u00fdch zvy\u0161kov \u010diernych dier, ktor\u00e9 by mohli tvori\u0165 \u010dastice temnej hmoty.<\/p>\n

Stopy by sme mohli n\u00e1js\u0165 aj v kozmickom mikrovlnnom pozad\u00ed alebo v prastar\u00fdch gravita\u010dn\u00fdch vln\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 vznikli v prv\u00fdch momentoch po ve\u013ekom tresku. Ide o sign\u00e1ly z obdobia, ke\u010f vesm\u00edr fungoval v podmienkach, ktor\u00e9 sa diametr\u00e1lne l\u00ed\u0161ia od t\u00fdch dne\u0161n\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00fd model tak sp\u00e1ja viacero probl\u00e9mov do jedn\u00e9ho r\u00e1mca, inform\u00e1ciu v \u010diernych dierach, absenciu singular\u00edt<\/a> aj p\u00f4vod hmotnosti. Namiesto radik\u00e1lneho prepisovania fyziky pon\u00faka hlb\u0161\u00ed poh\u013ead na samotn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru reality, ktor\u00fd zatia\u013e \u010dak\u00e1 na potvrdenie.<\/p>\n


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