{"id":41970,"date":"2026-04-11T18:51:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T18:51:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/41970\/"},"modified":"2026-04-11T18:51:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T18:51:11","slug":"astronomovia-prave-vyriesili-jednu-z-najstarsich-zahad-vesmiru-teleskop-james-webb-ukazal-co-pustilo-svetlo-do-temnoty-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/41970\/","title":{"rendered":"Astron\u00f3movia pr\u00e1ve vyrie\u0161ili jednu z najstar\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1had vesm\u00edru. Teleskop James Webb uk\u00e1zal, \u010do pustilo svetlo do temnoty | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vesm\u00edr nevyzeral v\u017edy tak, ako ho pozn\u00e1\u0161 dnes. Na za\u010diatku ho vyp\u013a\u0148al hust\u00fd vod\u00edkov\u00fd \u201eopar\u201c, ktor\u00fd blokoval v\u0161etko svetlo a v\u010faka tomu vesm\u00edr vyzeral sk\u00f4r ako neprieh\u013eadn\u00e1 polievka. Astron\u00f3movia dlh\u00e9 roky rie\u0161ili ot\u00e1zku, \u010do tento opar rozpt\u00fdlilo a umo\u017enilo svetlu vo\u013ene sa \u0161\u00edri\u0165. Teraz pri\u0161la odpove\u010f, a t\u00e1 je prekvapivo mal\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V\u010faka teleskopu Jamesa Webba<\/a> sa vedcom podarilo uk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu zohrali v tomto procese, ktor\u00fd sa naz\u00fdva epocha reioniz\u00e1cie, drobn\u00e9 trpasli\u010die galaxie. Tie s\u00edce p\u00f4sobia nen\u00e1padne, no v ranom vesm\u00edre produkovali obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo energie.<\/p>\n

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Ke\u010f sa hovor\u00ed o \u201eranom vesm\u00edre\u201c, nejde o neur\u010dit\u00fd pojem. Epocha reioniz\u00e1cie prebehla pribli\u017ene od 150 mili\u00f3nov do 1 miliardy rokov po ve\u013ekom tresku. Webbov teleskop sa teda pozeral na svetlo star\u00e9 viac ne\u017e 13 mili\u00e1rd rokov. Ke\u010f toto svetlo vzniklo a za\u010dalo letie\u0165 naprie\u010d priestorom, Zem e\u0161te neexistovala a vesm\u00edr bol len na za\u010diatku svojho v\u00fdvoja.<\/p>\n

Vedci vyu\u017eili Webbov teleskop na pozorovanie extr\u00e9mne vzdialen\u00fdch a slab\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed. Pomohol im pritom mas\u00edvny galaktick\u00fd zhluk Abell 2744, zn\u00e1my aj ako Pandora\u2019s Cluster. Tento objekt funguje v\u010faka enormnej gravit\u00e1cii ako kozmick\u00e1 lupa. Gravit\u00e1cia oh\u00fdba priestor okolo seba, \u010d\u00edm zosiln\u00ed svetlo vzdialen\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed, presne tak, ako to rob\u00ed lupa. V\u010faka tomu vedci objavili osem extr\u00e9mne slab\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 by inak zostali nevidite\u013en\u00e9. Niektor\u00e9 z nich svietili stokr\u00e1t slab\u0161ie ne\u017e na\u0161a Mlie\u010dna dr\u00e1ha.<\/p>\n

\"Webbov\"WebbovZdroj: NASA
\nTrpasli\u010die galaxie st\u00e1li ako hlavn\u00ed akt\u00e9ri po\u010das epochy reioniz\u00e1cie<\/p>\n

Astron\u00f3movia dlho predpokladali, \u017ee hlavn\u00fdmi akt\u00e9rmi po\u010das epochy reioniz\u00e1cie bud\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 galaxie. V\u00fdsledky v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zali opak, pr\u00e1ve\u00a0trpasli\u010die galaxie produkovali a\u017e \u0161tyrikr\u00e1t viac ionizuj\u00faceho \u017eiarenia, ne\u017e vedci predpokladali.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
\n <\/p>\n

\"Tvoje\"Tvoje <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPopul\u00e1rna spravodajsk\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia pre iOS a Android dostala ve\u013ek\u00fa aktualiz\u00e1ciu. Pribudlo mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed\u0161 vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eTento objav odha\u013euje k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu extr\u00e9mne slab\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed vo v\u00fdvoji ran\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru,\u201c vysvetlila vedky\u0148a Iryna Chemerynska: \u201eProdukuj\u00fa \u017eiarenie, ktor\u00e9 premie\u0148a neutr\u00e1lny vod\u00edk na ionizovan\u00fa plazmu.\u201c<\/p>\n

V porovnan\u00ed s na\u0161ou galaxiou p\u00f4sobia tieto objekty ako drobn\u00e9 body. Mlie\u010dna dr\u00e1ha obsahuje stovky mili\u00e1rd hviezd, zatia\u013e \u010do tieto rann\u00e9 galaxie mali len zlomok tejto hmoty. Rozdiel v\u0161ak le\u017eal inde, v ich aktivite. Na svoju ve\u013ekos\u0165 produkovali nov\u00e9 hviezdy extr\u00e9mne r\u00fdchlo. Fungovali ako mal\u00e9, ale ve\u013emi intenz\u00edvne \u201etov\u00e1rne na hviezdy\u201c. Pr\u00e1ve ich obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo a vysok\u00e1 aktivita dok\u00e1zali postupne rozpt\u00fdli\u0165 temnotu cel\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

\u201eTieto kozmick\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne spolo\u010dne vy\u017earuj\u00fa viac ne\u017e dos\u0165 energie na splnenie tejto \u00falohy,\u201c uviedol ved\u00faci v\u00fdskumu Hakim Atek.<\/p>\n

Webb neuk\u00e1zal len obr\u00e1zky. Vedci vyu\u017eili spektroskopiu, teda rozklad svetla na spektrum. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 galaxia zanech\u00e1 v spektre jedine\u010dn\u00fd \u201epodpis\u201c. Vedci v \u0148om h\u013eadali konkr\u00e9tne emisn\u00e9 \u010diary ionizovan\u00e9ho vod\u00edka a kysl\u00edka<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tento \u201eodtla\u010dok prsta\u201c prezradil nielen vzdialenos\u0165 galaxie, ale aj mno\u017estvo energie, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017earovala. Pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka tomu potvrdili, \u017ee tieto galaxie<\/a> boli v\u00fdrazne v\u00fdkonnej\u0161ie, ne\u017e sa o\u010dak\u00e1valo.<\/p>\n

\"Najnov\u0161\u00ed\"Najnov\u0161\u00edZdroj: Flickr (Judy Schmidt)
\nAko trpasli\u010die galaxie menia ch\u00e1panie evol\u00facie n\u00e1\u0161ho vesm\u00edru<\/p>\n

Doteraz sa pozornos\u0165 s\u00fastredila na ve\u013ek\u00e9 galaxie. Teraz sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee rozhoduj\u00facu \u00falohu zohrali tie najmen\u0161ie. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ide o jeden z m\u00e1la sp\u00f4sobov, ako sa vedci dostan\u00fa k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m o prv\u00fdch hviezdach, ktor\u00e9 sa priamo pozoruj\u00fa len ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017eko.<\/p>\n

Vedci pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie pozorovania v r\u00e1mci projektu GLIMPSE. Zameraj\u00fa sa na odli\u0161n\u00e9 oblasti oblohy, aby si overili, \u010di sa tento jav opakuje aj inde. Ak sa v\u00fdsledky potvrdia, posiln\u00ed sa predstava, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve mal\u00e9 galaxie \u201ezapli svetlo\u201c vo vesm\u00edre. Zatia\u013e to vyzer\u00e1 tak, \u017ee tie najmenej n\u00e1padn\u00e9 objekty mali z\u00e1sadn\u00fd vplyv na to, ako dnes vesm\u00edr<\/a> vyzer\u00e1, aj ke\u010f ich samotn\u00e9 by si bez modern\u00fdch teleskopov v\u00f4bec nevidel.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Vesm\u00edr nevyzeral v\u017edy tak, ako ho pozn\u00e1\u0161 dnes. Na za\u010diatku ho vyp\u013a\u0148al hust\u00fd vod\u00edkov\u00fd \u201eopar\u201c, ktor\u00fd blokoval v\u0161etko…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":41971,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[17927,17928,9158,34,37,5252,33,17929,43,40,39,42,41,36,8381,38,35,17930,17931,17932,2176,297,17933],"class_list":{"0":"post-41970","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-spravy","8":"tag-epocha-reionizacie","9":"tag-evolucia-vesmiru","10":"tag-galaxie","11":"tag-headlines","12":"tag-hlavne-spravy","13":"tag-hviezdy","14":"tag-news","15":"tag-opar","16":"tag-sk","17":"tag-slovak","18":"tag-slovakia","19":"tag-slovencina","20":"tag-slovensko","21":"tag-spravy","22":"tag-svetlo","23":"tag-titulky","24":"tag-top-stories","25":"tag-trpaslicie-galaxie","26":"tag-velke-galaxie","27":"tag-velky-tresk","28":"tag-vesmir","29":"tag-vodik","30":"tag-ziarenie"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116387583348184239","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41970"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41970\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}