Libanon, kedysi prez\u00fdvan\u00fd Perla Bl\u00edzkeho v\u00fdchodu, dnes stoj\u00ed pred neistou bud\u00facnos\u0165ou. Izraelsk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 sily pokra\u010duj\u00fa v rozsiahlych leteck\u00fdch \u00fatokoch naprie\u010d krajinou a z\u00e1rove\u0148 postupuj\u00fa pozemn\u00fdmi jednotkami na jej juhu.<\/p>\n
\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTom\u00e1\u0161 Micha\u013e\u00e1k, politol\u00f3g a arabista<\/p>\n
\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t21.04.2026 12:00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n
Sna\u017eia sa posun\u00fa\u0165 hranicu a\u017e k\u00a0rieke L\u00edtan\u00ed a fakticky tak zabra\u0165 pribli\u017ene desatinu \u00fazemia Libanonu.<\/p>\n
Tieto oper\u00e1cie si vy\u017eiadali tis\u00edce obet\u00ed a zranen\u00fdch z\u00a0radov civiln\u00e9ho libanonsk\u00e9ho obyvate\u013estva. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 prin\u00fatili viac ne\u017e mili\u00f3n \u013eud\u00ed z\u00a0ju\u017en\u00fdch oblast\u00ed opusti\u0165 svoje domovy a presun\u00fa\u0165 sa na\u00a0sever.<\/p>\n
Aktu\u00e1lna izraelsk\u00e1 ofenz\u00edva sa za\u010dala po tom, \u010do \u0161i\u00edtske hnutie Hizball\u00e1h ostre\u013eovalo vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladne a priemyseln\u00e9 objekty na severe Izraela ako odvetu za americko-izraelsk\u00fd \u00fatok na Ir\u00e1n z\u00a028.\u00a0febru\u00e1ra, pri ktorom zahynul najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0161i\u00edtsky vodca ajatoll\u00e1h Ch\u00e1mene\u00ed.<\/p>\n
N\u00e1sledn\u00fd postup Izraela v\u0161ak presahuje r\u00e1mec be\u017enej bezpe\u010dnostnej konfront\u00e1cie v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161om konflikte, ktor\u00fd Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty a Izrael ved\u00fa proti\u00a0Ir\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n
Kto vl\u00e1dne v\u00a0Libanone?<\/p>\n
Zapojenie Hizball\u00e1hu do ir\u00e1nskeho konfliktu preh\u013abilo v\u00a0Libanone politick\u00fd i\u00a0vojensk\u00fd pat, ktor\u00fd je vn\u00edman\u00fd ako poru\u0161enie dohody o\u00a0pr\u00edmer\u00ed medzi Izraelom a Hizball\u00e1hom z\u00a027.\u00a0novembra 2024.\u00a0Z\u00e1rove\u0148 treba zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee Izrael t\u00fato dohodu naru\u0161il u\u017e sk\u00f4r, ke\u010f nesplnil z\u00e1v\u00e4zok \u00faplne stiahnu\u0165 svoje jednotky z\u00a0libanonsk\u00e9ho \u00fazemia, najm\u00e4 z\u00a0takzvan\u00fdch \u201epiatich bodov\u201c.<\/p>\n
Svoje zotrvanie v\u00a0t\u00fdchto oblastiach podmienil odzbrojen\u00edm Hizball\u00e1hu, \u010d\u00edm v\u00a0praxi ochromil fungovanie libanonsk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tnych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed. Tie sa tak ocitli v\u00a0situ\u00e1cii, ke\u010f nedok\u00e1\u017eu ani presadi\u0165 odzbrojenie Hizball\u00e1hu, ani zabezpe\u010di\u0165 odchod izraelsk\u00fdch s\u00edl z\u00a0t\u00fdchto poz\u00edci\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Do\u010dasn\u00e9 pr\u00edmerie z\u00a08.\u00a0apr\u00edla medzi americko-izraelskou alianciou a Ir\u00e1nom uk\u00e1zalo krehkos\u0165 Libanonu. Ir\u00e1n presadzoval \u0161ir\u0161ie pr\u00edmerie zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00face aj Libanon, \u010do by mohlo tamoj\u0161\u00edm org\u00e1nom posilni\u0165 poz\u00edciu pri rokovaniach o\u00a0stiahnut\u00ed izraelsk\u00fdch s\u00edl, no v\u00a0praxi sa t\u00fdm e\u0161te viac uk\u00e1zala krehkos\u0165 libanonskej \u0161t\u00e1tnosti.<\/p>\n
Vy\u0161lo najavo, \u017ee krajina nem\u00e1 pln\u00fa kontrolu nad jedn\u00fdm zo z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch znakov suverenity\u00a0\u2013 schopnos\u0165ou samostatne rozhodova\u0165 o\u00a0vojne a mieri. Izrael \u010das\u0165 dohody o\u00a0ne\u00fato\u010den\u00ed na spojencov Ir\u00e1nu jednoducho nere\u0161pektoval a u\u017e nasleduj\u00faci de\u0148 podnikol \u010fal\u0161\u00ed tvrd\u00fd \u00fader na Libanon.<\/p>\n
Situ\u00e1cia v\u00a0Libanone ukazuje, \u017ee \u0161t\u00e1t nem\u00e1 skuto\u010dn\u00fd vplyv na dianie. Rozhoduj\u00facu poz\u00edciu m\u00e1 ir\u00e1nsky spojenec Hizball\u00e1h, ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fdznam uzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u0161etky strany konfliktu, pri\u010dom z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom zost\u00e1va neschopnos\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1tnych \u00faradov \u00fa\u010dinne presadzova\u0165 svoju autoritu.<\/p>\n
Za t\u00fdchto okolnost\u00ed sa libanonsko-izraelsk\u00e9 rokovania, ktor\u00e9 sa za\u010dali pred t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148om, javia ako m\u00e1lo \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee Izrael si je vedom\u00fd, \u017ee jeho po\u017eiadavka na odzbrojenie Hizball\u00e1hu presahuje schopnosti s\u00fa\u010dasnej libanonskej vl\u00e1dy, a to aj napriek jej deklarovanej snahe. Zintenz\u00edvnen\u00e9 izraelsk\u00e9 \u00fatoky na Libanon, ktor\u00e9 presahuj\u00fa samotn\u00fd Hizball\u00e1h, v\u0161ak pod\u013ea tejto interpret\u00e1cie nazna\u010duj\u00fa \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed\u00a0z\u00e1mer.<\/p>\n
\u010ealekosiahle z\u00e1mery Izraela<\/p>\n
V\u00a0prvom rade sa Izrael sna\u017e\u00ed z\u00edska\u0165 kontrolu nad strategick\u00fdmi zdrojmi, najm\u00e4 vodou a zemn\u00fdm plynom, hoci svoje kroky zd\u00f4vod\u0148uje obranou pred \u00fatokmi Hizball\u00e1hu. Anal\u00fdzy nazna\u010duj\u00fa snahu o\u00a0dlhodob\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dnutie vodn\u00fdch zdrojov v\u00a0povodiach riek L\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed a Wazz\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010do s\u00favis\u00ed aj s\u00a0izraelsk\u00fdmi aktivitami pri ju\u017enom pobre\u017e\u00ed spojen\u00fdmi so z\u00e1sobn\u00edkmi plynu a jeho distrib\u00faciou.<\/p>\n
To m\u00f4\u017ee poukazova\u0165 na z\u00e1mer udr\u017eiava\u0165 vojensk\u00fd tlak na Libanon, k\u00fdm si Izrael nezabezpe\u010d\u00ed trvalej\u0161iu pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 v\u00a0ju\u017enej \u010dasti krajiny.<\/p>\n
A\u00a0v\u00a0druhom rade sa rozsiahle ni\u010denie viac ne\u017e stovky ded\u00edn a miest na juhu Libanonu po\u010das marca ned\u00e1 vn\u00edma\u0165 len ako obrann\u00e1 reakcia, ale sk\u00f4r ako uplat\u0148ovanie strat\u00e9gie \u201esp\u00e1lenej zeme\u201c, ktorej cie\u013eom je vys\u00eddlenie obyvate\u013estva a premena oblasti na n\u00e1razn\u00edkov\u00e9 p\u00e1smo pod izraelskou kontrolou, potenci\u00e1lne otvoren\u00e9 pre \u010fal\u0161iu osadn\u00edcku expanziu pod\u013ea vzoru palest\u00ednskeho Z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho brehu Jord\u00e1nu \u010di s\u00fdrskych Golansk\u00fdch\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161in.<\/p>\n
\t Izrael sa sna\u017e\u00ed z\u00edska\u0165 kontrolu nad strategick\u00fdmi zdrojmi, najm\u00e4 vodou a zemn\u00fdm plynom, hoci svoje kroky zd\u00f4vod\u0148uje obranou pred \u00fatokmi Hizball\u00e1hu. <\/p>\n
Tieto obavy prehlbuje i\u00a0op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 o\u017eivenie idey \u201eVe\u013ek\u00e9ho Izraela\u201c (od N\u00edlu po Eufrat) v\u00a0prostred\u00ed izraelskej krajnej pravice, \u010di u\u017e sekul\u00e1rnej, alebo n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej, ktor\u00e1 pova\u017euje ju\u017en\u00fd Libanon za s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 Zas\u013e\u00fabenej zeme. Tak\u00fdto v\u00fdvoj nazna\u010duje, \u017ee podobn\u00fd scen\u00e1r by sa mohol roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 aj na \u010fal\u0161ie arabsk\u00e9 krajiny, najm\u00e4 v\u00a0kontexte konfliktu s\u00a0Ir\u00e1nom.<\/p>\n
To by mohlo vies\u0165 nielen k\u00a0\u010fal\u0161iemu \u00fazemn\u00e9mu roz\u0161irovaniu, ale aj k\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edvaniu ropn\u00fdch a vodn\u00fdch zdrojov pod z\u00e1mienkou posil\u0148ovania izraelskej dominancie, ktor\u00fa premi\u00e9r Benjamin Netanjahu ozna\u010duje ako \u201eNov\u00fd Bl\u00edzky v\u00fdchod\u201c.<\/p>\n
T\u00fato \u00fazemn\u00fa expanziu pokr\u00fdva tie\u017e Trumpov pragmatizmus, ktor\u00fd sa prejavuje otvoren\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami na podiel z\u00a0ir\u00e1nskych ropn\u00fdch zdrojov.<\/p>\n
Libanon sa tak ocit\u00e1 v\u00a0poz\u00edcii rukojemn\u00edka v\u00a0konflikte medzi USA a Izraelom na jednej strane a Ir\u00e1nom na strane druhej, teda v\u00a0s\u00faboji dvoch mocensk\u00fdch blokov o\u00a0vplyv v\u00a0regi\u00f3ne. Ich rivalita obmedzuje suverenitu krajiny a zvy\u0161uje tlak na obyvate\u013estvo.<\/p>\n
Tomu by mohol \u010deli\u0165 len silnej\u0161\u00ed \u013eudov\u00fd odpor s\u00a0podporou arabsk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, ktor\u00e9 v\u0161ak svojou slab\u0161ou anga\u017eovanos\u0165ou v\u00a0ot\u00e1zke Palest\u00edny oslabili aj vlastn\u00fa poz\u00edciu. Vzniknut\u00e9 mocensk\u00e9 v\u00e1kuum potom vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa vonkaj\u0161\u00ed akt\u00e9ri pod\u013ea vlastn\u00fdch z\u00e1ujmov.<\/p>\n
N\u00e1zory extern\u00fdch prispievate\u013eov nemusia vyjadrova\u0165 n\u00e1zor redakcie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Libanon, kedysi prez\u00fdvan\u00fd Perla Bl\u00edzkeho v\u00fdchodu, dnes stoj\u00ed pred neistou bud\u00facnos\u0165ou. Izraelsk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 sily pokra\u010duj\u00fa v rozsiahlych leteck\u00fdch…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":51294,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[4341,8181,1678,8184,33,43,40,42,36,50,1236,304,49,48],"class_list":{"0":"post-51293","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-blizky-vychod","9":"tag-hizballah","10":"tag-izrael","11":"tag-libanon","12":"tag-news","13":"tag-sk","14":"tag-slovak","15":"tag-slovencina","16":"tag-spravy","17":"tag-svet","18":"tag-trump","19":"tag-usa","20":"tag-world","21":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116451575252891947","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51293\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}