{"id":65659,"date":"2026-05-09T18:29:16","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T18:29:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/65659\/"},"modified":"2026-05-09T18:29:16","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T18:29:16","slug":"nase-dochodky-su-sice-stedrejsie-ale-ma-to-hacik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/65659\/","title":{"rendered":"Na\u0161e d\u00f4chodky s\u00fa s\u00edce \u0161tedrej\u0161ie, ale m\u00e1 to h\u00e1\u010dik"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\tFoto: oPeniazoch.sk, generovan\u00e9 AI<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\"autor<\/p>\n

Po\u013esko sa za posledn\u00e9 roky stalo ekonomick\u00fdm motorom regi\u00f3nu, zatia\u013e \u010do Slovensko z\u00e1pas\u00ed s rast\u00facim dlhom a tlakom na verejn\u00e9 financie. Hoci s\u00fa slovensk\u00e9 d\u00f4chodky v porovnan\u00ed s Po\u013eskom v\u00fdrazne \u0161tedrej\u0161ie, odborn\u00edci upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee krajina za to plat\u00ed vysok\u00fa cenu. Rozdiel sa ukazuje nielen v tempe rastu ekonomiky, ale aj v invest\u00edci\u00e1ch, \u00faspor\u00e1ch \u010di nastaven\u00ed soci\u00e1lneho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Porovn\u00e1vania po\u013eskej a slovenskej ekonomiky sa pod\u013ea analytika Slovenskej sporite\u013ene Maximili\u00e1na W\u00e9bera<\/a> st\u00e1vaj\u00fa be\u017en\u00fdmi, a nie bez d\u00f4vodu. Po\u013esko zaznamenalo v\u00fdrazn\u00fd rast za posledn\u00e9 tri desa\u0165ro\u010dia a stalo sa ak\u00fdmsi vzorov\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom pr\u00edbehu postkomunistick\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho \u00faspechu.<\/p>\n

Mohlo by v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma\u0165:<\/p>\n

Reklama<\/p>\n

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Slovensko sa v\u0161ak medzit\u00fdm ocitlo uprostred fi\u0161k\u00e1lnej konsolid\u00e1cie sp\u00f4sobenej narastaj\u00facim dlhom a zvy\u0161uj\u00facim sa tlakom na verejn\u00e9 financie. Tento rozdiel sa neprejavuje len v \u010d\u00edslach, ale aj v n\u00e1lad\u00e1ch: Poliaci s\u00fa ve\u013emi optimistick\u00ed, pokia\u013e ide o ich vyhliadky, zatia\u013e \u010do Slov\u00e1ci zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa pesimistick\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po\u013esko<\/a> zaznamenalo v\u00fdrazn\u00fd rast v posledn\u00fdch rokoch, najm\u00e4 v porovnan\u00ed so Slovenskom. Vidno to pri poh\u013eade na zmen\u0161ovanie rozdielov medzi Po\u013eskom a ostatn\u00fdmi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1tmi V4 a na premenu Po\u013eska na v\u00fdznamn\u00fa eur\u00f3psku ekonomiku.\u00a0\u201eZa posledn\u00fdch 30 rokov si Slovensko a Po\u013esko vymenili poz\u00edcie z h\u013eadiska produktivity.\u00a0Slovensko b\u00fdvalo druh\u00fdm najprodukt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edm \u0161t\u00e1tom V4 a v kr\u00e1tkom obdob\u00ed medzi rokmi 2008 a 2014 bolo dokonca najprodukt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edm \u0161t\u00e1tom v regi\u00f3ne V4. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je druh\u00fdm najmenej produkt\u00edvnym \u010dlenom skupiny,\u201c upozor\u0148uje analytik.<\/p>\n

Naopak, Po\u013esko za\u010d\u00ednalo ako najmenej produkt\u00edvny \u010dlen V4 a postupne predbehlo Ma\u010farsko v roku 2013 a Slovensko v roku 2016. Rozdiel medzi po\u013esk\u00fdm a slovensk\u00fdm HDP na obyvate\u013ea sa tie\u017e zmen\u0161il, \u010do bolo sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm spomalen\u00edm slovensk\u00e9ho rastu po 2015.<\/p>\n

\tKtorej krajine sa bude pod\u013ea v\u00e1s v najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch rokoch ekonomicky dari\u0165 viac?<\/p>\n

\u010co rob\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd vzostup Po\u013eska e\u0161te p\u00f4sobivej\u0161\u00edm, je jeho ve\u013ek\u00fd po\u010det obyvate\u013eov. Ke\u010f\u017ee Po\u013esko je najpo\u010detnej\u0161\u00edm \u010dlenom Vy\u0161ehradskej skupiny, zv\u00fd\u0161enie HDP<\/a> na obyvate\u013ea sa v\u00fdrazne premieta aj do n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho HDP. \u201ePo\u013esk\u00e1 ekonomika smeruje k prekonaniu hranice 1 bili\u00f3na eur HDP, \u010do ju postav\u00ed na \u00farove\u0148 porovnate\u013en\u00fa s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edmi a bohat\u0161\u00edmi juhoeur\u00f3pskymi \u0161t\u00e1tmi ako Taliansko a \u0160panielsko. Tento dlhodob\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd \u00faspech Po\u013eska a jeho podobn\u00e9 geografick\u00e9, historick\u00e9 a kult\u00farne z\u00e1zemie ako Slovensko nab\u00e1da na porovnania a ot\u00e1zky o tom, \u010do mo\u017eno urobi\u0165 pre replik\u00e1ciu \u00faspechu, ktor\u00fd Var\u0161ava zaznamenala v porovnan\u00ed so svojimi region\u00e1lnymi a eur\u00f3pskymi partnermi,\u201c dod\u00e1va W\u00e9ber.<\/p>\n

Z h\u013eadiska politiky a v\u00fddavkov, prv\u00fd poh\u013ead na verejn\u00e9 financie<\/a> neposkytuje jednozna\u010dn\u00fd obraz. Ve\u013ek\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00facie, ako je MMF, kritizovali Slovensko za jeho rozsiahle soci\u00e1lne transfery v posledn\u00fdch rokoch; av\u0161ak ke\u010f sa pozrieme na \u0161trukt\u00faru vl\u00e1dnych v\u00fddavkov, v\u00fddavky na soci\u00e1lnu ochranu ako percento HDP v Po\u013esku a na Slovensku sa dramaticky nel\u00ed\u0161ia.\u00a0V skuto\u010dnosti mo\u017eno o oboch krajin\u00e1ch poveda\u0165, \u017ee maj\u00fa, vzh\u013eadom na svoje ekonomiky, \u0161tedr\u00e9 soci\u00e1lne \u0161t\u00e1ty.\u00a0\u0160trukt\u00fara v\u00fddavkov na soci\u00e1lne zabezpe\u010denie v t\u00fdchto dvoch krajin\u00e1ch je v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazne odli\u0161n\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia adresnos\u0165 by n\u00e1m pomohla<\/p>\n

Slovensko poskytuje najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie hotovostn\u00e9 transfery v celej Vy\u0161ehradskej skupine,\u00a0a v\u00fdrazne nad priemerom E\u00da. Slovensko tie\u017e zaznamenalo najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1rast v\u00fddavkov na soci\u00e1lnu ochranu vzh\u013eadom na HDP vo Vy\u0161ehradskej skupine od roku 2013 do roku 2023.\u00a0Zatia\u013e \u010do vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine \u0161t\u00e1tov E\u00da tvoria periodick\u00e9 a jednorazov\u00e9 hotovostn\u00e9 d\u00e1vky pribli\u017ene 60 percent v\u00fddavkov na rodinn\u00e9 d\u00e1vky, na Slovensku tvoria pod\u013ea analytika viac ako 90 percent.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Slovensko m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165 nieko\u013eko v\u00fdhod zmenou \u0161trukt\u00fary svojich soci\u00e1lnych v\u00fddavkov smerom k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej adresnosti.\u00a0\u201ePredov\u0161etk\u00fdm, univerz\u00e1lne soci\u00e1lne transfery, na rozdiel od adresn\u00fdch transferov, m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k tomu, \u017ee u\u017e lep\u0161ie situovan\u00e9 skupiny dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa transfery od \u0161t\u00e1tu, zatia\u013e \u010do t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa na tom hor\u0161ie, nemusia dosta\u0165 to\u013eko, ko\u013eko by inak mohli,\u201c dod\u00e1va \u00a0W\u00e9ber. Navy\u0161e, ke\u010f vl\u00e1da pon\u00faka hotovostn\u00e9 transfery, viac jednotlivcov m\u00e1 motiv\u00e1ciu tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee s\u00fa chudobn\u00ed, a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 hotovos\u0165 na vlastn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, zatia\u013e \u010do vecn\u00e9 d\u00e1vky je jednoduch\u0161ie nastavi\u0165 tak, aby motiv\u00e1cia \u013eud\u00ed presne identifikova\u0165 svoju chudobu<\/a> bola vy\u0161\u0161ia.<\/p>\n

Po\u013esko a Slovensko d\u00e1vaj\u00fa zhruba tesne nad 18 percent HDP na soci\u00e1lnu ochranu, a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed komponent s\u00fa d\u00f4chodky<\/a>. Na rozdiel od Slovenska v\u0161ak po\u013esk\u00fd d\u00f4chodkov\u00fd syst\u00e9m cielenej\u0161ie upravuje v\u00fd\u0161ku d\u00f4chodkov na z\u00e1klade faktorov, ako s\u00fa o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e1 d\u013a\u017eka \u017eivota a prich\u00e1dzaj\u00face platby. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee miera, akou d\u00f4chodky nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u010dist\u00fd pr\u00edjem, je na Slovensku ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161ia v porovnan\u00ed s Po\u013eskom.\u00a0D\u00f4chodky pre \u013eud\u00ed s priemern\u00fdm z\u00e1robkom nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pr\u00edjem na \u00farovni 76,3 percenta na Slovensku, v porovnan\u00ed so 40,6 percenta v Po\u013esku, pri\u010dom priemer OECD je 63,2 percenta. Pre vysoko zar\u00e1baj\u00facich s\u00fa slovensk\u00e9 miery n\u00e1hrady d\u00f4chodkov pod\u013ea analytika obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u0161tedr\u00e9, nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fac viac ako 68 percent pr\u00edjmu v porovnan\u00ed s priemerom OECD 52,9 percenta a po\u013esk\u00fdmi 37,2 percenta.\u00a0Miery n\u00e1hrady pr\u00edjmu z d\u00f4chodkov pre n\u00edzko zar\u00e1baj\u00facich s\u00fa na Slovensku tie\u017e nad priemerom OECD.<\/p>\n

Na \u010do sa krajiny zameriavaj\u00fa?<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 polovica pr\u00edbehu nespo\u010d\u00edva v tom, kde s\u00fa slovensk\u00e9 a po\u013esk\u00e9 v\u00fddavky HDP podobn\u00e9, ale v tom, kde sa l\u00ed\u0161ia. Po\u013esk\u00e9 v\u00fddavky s\u00fa vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej miere orientovan\u00e9 na invest\u00edcie, ako do vzdel\u00e1vania, infra\u0161trukt\u00fary alebo obrany, v porovnan\u00ed so Slovenskom.\u00a0Slovensk\u00e9 invest\u00edcie do \u013eudsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu, ako napr\u00edklad invest\u00edcie do terci\u00e1rneho vzdel\u00e1vania, zaost\u00e1vaj\u00fa za priemerom E\u00da. Naopak, Po\u013esko vedie, pokia\u013e ide o v\u00fddavky na terci\u00e1rne vzdel\u00e1vanie ako percento HDP, pri\u010dom vynaklad\u00e1 1,3 percenta svojho HDP na terci\u00e1rne vzdel\u00e1vanie (priemer E\u00da je 0,8 percenta, Slovensko vynalo\u017eilo 0,3 percenta).\u00a0Tento vzorec mo\u017eno pozorova\u0165 aj v in\u00fdch oblastiach: invest\u00edcie ako percento vl\u00e1dnych v\u00fddavkov s\u00fa medzi krajinami V4 najvy\u0161\u0161ie v Po\u013esku, zatia\u013e \u010do Slovensko je trvalo pozadu.<\/p>\n

\"\"Zdroj: Slovensk\u00e1 sporite\u013e\u0148a<\/p>\n

Existuje teda nieko\u013eko zrete\u013en\u00fdch faktorov, ktor\u00e9 pod\u013ea analytika vysvet\u013euj\u00fa rozdiely medzi Slovenskom a Po\u013eskom. Po\u013esk\u00e1 produktivita prekon\u00e1va slovensk\u00fa a rozdiel medzi slovensk\u00fdm a po\u013esk\u00fdm re\u00e1lnym HDP na obyvate\u013ea sa zmen\u0161uje, ke\u010f\u017ee Po\u013esko konverguje k priemeru E\u00da r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako Slovensko.\u00a0\u201eAk by sa teda Slovensko chcelo in\u0161pirova\u0165 Po\u013eskom a jeho rastom, pon\u00fakaj\u00fa sa tri k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 ponau\u010denia: zavies\u0165 testovanie pr\u00edjmovej odk\u00e1zanosti pri soci\u00e1lnych transferoch, podporova\u0165 v\u0161eobecn\u00fa tvorbu \u00faspor a investova\u0165 do (\u013eudsk\u00e9ho) kapit\u00e1lu,\u201c uzatv\u00e1ra Maximili\u00e1n W\u00e9ber.<\/p>\n

Viac o t\u00e9me:
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\td\u00f4chodky\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tekonomika\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHDP\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tinvest\u00edcie\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMaximili\u00e1n W\u00e9ber\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPo\u013esko\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSlovensk\u00e1 sporite\u013e\u0148a\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSlovensko\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsoci\u00e1lne d\u00e1vky\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tverejn\u00e9 financie\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Foto: oPeniazoch.sk, generovan\u00e9 AI Po\u013esko sa za posledn\u00e9 roky stalo ekonomick\u00fdm motorom regi\u00f3nu, zatia\u013e \u010do Slovensko z\u00e1pas\u00ed s…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":65660,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[695,66,19070,1438,25443,315,43,40,44,39,42,45,2168,41,8160,1503],"class_list":{"0":"post-65659","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-slovensko","8":"tag-dochodky","9":"tag-ekonomika","10":"tag-hdp","11":"tag-investicie","12":"tag-maximilian-weber","13":"tag-polsko","14":"tag-sk","15":"tag-slovak","16":"tag-slovak-republic","17":"tag-slovakia","18":"tag-slovencina","19":"tag-slovenska-republika","20":"tag-slovenska-sporitelna","21":"tag-slovensko","22":"tag-socialne-davky","23":"tag-verejne-financie"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116546041621309903","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65659","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65659"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65659\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65660"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}