{"id":66205,"date":"2026-05-10T14:18:07","date_gmt":"2026-05-10T14:18:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/66205\/"},"modified":"2026-05-10T14:18:07","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T14:18:07","slug":"netusite-aku-hrozbu-po-sebe-zanechavate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/66205\/","title":{"rendered":"Netu\u0161\u00edte, ak\u00fa HROZBU po sebe zanech\u00e1vate!"},"content":{"rendered":"

NEW YORK – V\u017edy, ke\u010f si idete zapl\u00e1va\u0165, zostane po v\u00e1s v mori trocha ochrann\u00e9ho slne\u010dn\u00e9ho kr\u00e9mu. Po\u010das rekrea\u010dn\u00fdch vodn\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt sa spl\u00e1chne odhadom 25 percent nanesen\u00e9ho opa\u013eovacieho kr\u00e9mu, ktor\u00e9ho sa len v oblastiach \u00fatesov uvo\u013en\u00ed zhruba 5000 ton ro\u010dne. Vypl\u00fdva to zo \u0161t\u00fadie zverejnenej v \u010dasopise Environmental Health Perspectives, p\u00ed\u0161e agent\u00fara AP.<\/p>\n

Toto mno\u017estvo zodpoved\u00e1 zhruba v\u00e1he tis\u00edcky slonov a mnoho z t\u00fdchto chemik\u00e1li\u00ed je toxick\u00fdch pre koraly. Navy\u0161e niektor\u00ed vedci uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o pr\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzky odhad, preto\u017ee experiment, na ktor\u00fd sa \u0161t\u00fadia odvol\u00e1va, nezah\u0155\u0148al trenie pri pl\u00e1van\u00ed, kv\u00f4li ktor\u00e9mu sa m\u00f4\u017ee otiera\u0165 e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo kr\u00e9mu z \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela. Koralov\u00e9 \u00fatesy s\u00fa domovom pribli\u017ene \u0161tvrtiny v\u0161etk\u00fdch morsk\u00fdch druhov, hoci pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa iba desatinu percenta svetov\u00fdch oce\u00e1nov. \u00datesy u\u017e \u010delia rast\u00facemu tlaku v d\u00f4sledku otep\u013eovania vody, zne\u010distenia, nadmern\u00e9ho rybolovu a rozvoja pobre\u017en\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Navy\u0161e sa mus\u00ed vyrovna\u0165 s \u010fal\u0161ou hrozbou v podobe chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok obsiahnut\u00fdch v opa\u013eovac\u00edch kr\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu po\u0161kodi\u0165 koralov\u00e9 larvy, vyvola\u0165 bielenie koralov a naru\u0161i\u0165 ich rast.<\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\"Rob\u00edte\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (5)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0(Zdroj: Getty Images)<\/p>\n

Zne\u010distenie nevznik\u00e1 iba pri k\u00fapan\u00ed<\/p>\n

Vedci tvrdia, \u017ee ide o men\u0161\u00ed stresov\u00fd faktor ako klimatick\u00e9 zmeny, ale na druhej strane ide o hrozbu, ktor\u00fa m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eudia priamo ovplyvni\u0165 svoj\u00edm spr\u00e1van\u00edm. Zne\u010distenie nevznik\u00e1 len pri k\u00fapan\u00ed. Chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky z kr\u00e9mov sa m\u00f4\u017eu dosta\u0165 do vodn\u00fdch tokov, aj ke\u010f sa \u013eudia po n\u00e1vrate z pl\u00e1\u017ee sprchuj\u00fa, per\u00fa uter\u00e1ky alebo sa id\u00fa vymo\u010di\u0165. \u0160t\u00fadie ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm zdrojom zne\u010distenia oce\u00e1nov ochrann\u00fdmi slne\u010dn\u00fdmi kr\u00e9mmi s\u00fa odpadov\u00e9 vody, preto\u017ee be\u017en\u00e9 \u010disti\u010dky nedok\u00e1\u017eu \u00fa\u010dinne odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 mnoho zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn UV filtrov v kozmetick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkoch. Tieto chemik\u00e1lie sa potom z \u010disti\u010diek odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa do riek a nakoniec do mora.<\/p>\n

Hoci opa\u013eovacie kr\u00e9my zabra\u0148uj\u00fa sp\u00e1leniu slnkom a zni\u017euj\u00fa riziko rakoviny ko\u017ee, nie v\u0161etky pr\u00edpravky maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fd vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. Najsilnej\u0161ie d\u00f4kazy o \u0161kodlivosti sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa oxybenz\u00f3nu a oktinox\u00e1tu – dvoch \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch UV filtrov. \u0160t\u00fadia z roku 2016, ktor\u00fa zverejnil \u010dasopis Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, zistila, \u017ee oxybenz\u00f3n men\u00ed larvy koralov zo zdrav\u00fdch, pohybliv\u00fdch organizmov na deformovan\u00e9, nehybn\u00e9. T\u00e1to chemik\u00e1lia sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee koraly vypudzuj\u00fa riasy, ktor\u00e9 im poskytuj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 potravy a farby, v stresovej reakcii zn\u00e1mej ako bielenie alebo blednutie koralov.<\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\"Rob\u00edte\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (5)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0(Zdroj: Getty Images)<\/p>\n

Tieto\u00a0chemik\u00e1lie potom konzumujeme aj my<\/p>\n

Vybielen\u00e9 koraly s\u00fa oslaben\u00e9, n\u00e1chylnej\u0161ie k chorob\u00e1m, a ak pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa stresov\u00e9 podmienky, m\u00f4\u017eu hladova\u0165 alebo uhyn\u00fa\u0165. Vedci tie\u017e zistili, \u017ee oxybenz\u00f3n po\u0161kodzuje DNA a vyvol\u00e1va pred\u010dasn\u00fa tvorbu skeletu, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee obali\u0165 cel\u00e9 larvy. M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 blednutie koralov u\u017e pri ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch, \u010d\u00edm zhor\u0161uje dopady morsk\u00fdch v\u013an hor\u00fa\u010dav, ktor\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa klimatick\u00e9 zmeny. T\u00e1to chemick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka sa ukazuje ako toxick\u00e1 u\u017e pri koncentr\u00e1cii iba 62 \u010dast\u00edc na bili\u00f3n, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 jednej kvapke v \u0161iestich olympijsk\u00fdch baz\u00e9noch. V havajskej z\u00e1toke Hanauma, \u010do je ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 miesto pre \u0161norchlovanie, zanechalo pod\u013ea \u0161t\u00fadie neziskovej organiz\u00e1cie Haereticus Environmental Laboratory z roku 2017 takmer 2600 n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov denne v oce\u00e1ne asi 185 kilogramov opa\u013eovacieho kr\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

A silnej\u00face obavy vedcov vyvol\u00e1va tie\u017e oktokryl\u00e9n, avobenz\u00f3n a homosalate. Tieto chemik\u00e1lie nezost\u00e1vaj\u00fa v mori. UV filtre boli zisten\u00e9 v ryb\u00e1ch a in\u00fdch morsk\u00fdch organizmoch, \u010do vyvol\u00e1va ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa bezpe\u010dnosti morsk\u00fdch plodov.\u00a0„Zmerali sme obsah oxybenz\u00f3nu v miestnych \u00falovkoch r\u00fdb. Bolo to desiv\u00e9,“ povedal Craig Downs, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd riadite\u013e neziskovej organiz\u00e1cie Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, ktor\u00fd viedol \u0161t\u00fadiu z roku 2016. „Tieto chemik\u00e1lie sa \u0161\u00edria potravinov\u00fdm re\u0165azcom a my ich potom konzumujeme. „<\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\"Rob\u00edte\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (5)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0(Zdroj: Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Oodpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa chr\u00e1ni\u0165 sa oble\u010den\u00edm<\/p>\n

Oxid zino\u010dnat\u00fd a oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd s\u00fa v\u0161eobecne pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie alternat\u00edvy k chemick\u00fdm UV filtrom, maj\u00fa v\u0161ak svoje \u00faskalia. Odborn\u00edci tvrdia, \u017ee by nemali by\u0165 v nanoforme, preto\u017ee v\u010faka v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej ve\u013ekosti \u010dast\u00edc je menej pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee bud\u00fa vd\u00fdchnut\u00e9 alebo absorbovan\u00e9 morsk\u00fdmi organizmami. Oxid zino\u010dnat\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee pod\u013ea Downsa obsahova\u0165 tie\u017e stopov\u00e9 ne\u010distoty \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch kovov, ako je olovo, chr\u00f3m a ortu\u0165, a len m\u00e1lo produktov pre\u0161lo komplexn\u00fdmi testami ekotoxicity. Z\u00e1kazn\u00edci by tie\u017e mali sledova\u0165 neakt\u00edvne zlo\u017eky pr\u00edpravkov, preto\u017ee oleje, v\u00f4ne a \u010fal\u0161ie pr\u00edsady m\u00f4\u017eu \u0161kodi\u0165 morsk\u00e9mu \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa chr\u00e1ni\u0165 sa oble\u010den\u00edm, tri\u010dkami s dlh\u00fdm ruk\u00e1vom, klob\u00fakmi a pobytom v tieni. „Ke\u010f si vezmete tri\u010dko alebo plavky s dlh\u00fdm ruk\u00e1vom, v z\u00e1sade t\u00fdm zakryjete a\u017e p\u00e4\u0165desiat percent tela, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nepotrebujete polovicu ochrann\u00e9ho kr\u00e9mu,“ povedal Downs. „Z h\u013eadiska ochrany pr\u00edrody je to obrovsk\u00fd pr\u00ednos. “\u00a0Ak potrebujete opa\u013eovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m, h\u013eadajte produkty, ktor\u00e9 ako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky neobsahuj\u00fa oxid zino\u010dnat\u00fd alebo oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd v nanoforme. Hoci v\u00fdskum spr\u00e1vania t\u00fdchto miner\u00e1lov v morskom prostred\u00ed st\u00e1le pokra\u010duje, mnoho odborn\u00edkov ich pova\u017euje za vhodnej\u0161iu alternat\u00edvu ako chemick\u00e9 UV filtre.<\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\"Rob\u00edte\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (5)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0(Zdroj: Getty Images)<\/p>\n

Po\u010dkajte aspo\u0148 15 min\u00fat<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci tie\u017e odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa vyh\u00fdba\u0165 sa aeros\u00f3lov\u00fdm sprejom, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu rozpt\u00fdli\u0165 opa\u013eovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m do vzduchu a okolit\u00e9ho prostredia. Ak po nanesen\u00ed opa\u013eovacieho kr\u00e9mu po\u010dk\u00e1te aspo\u0148 15 min\u00fat, k\u00fdm sa p\u00f4jdete k\u00fapa\u0165, kr\u00e9m lep\u0161ie pri\u013ene k poko\u017eke a nezmyje sa hne\u010f. V roku 2018 sa Havaj stala prv\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom USA, ktor\u00fd zak\u00e1zal predaj opa\u013eovac\u00edch kr\u00e9mov obsahuj\u00facich oxybenz\u00f3n a oktinox\u00e1t, a to s od\u00f4vodnen\u00edm, \u017ee \u0161kod\u00ed koralov\u00fdm \u00fatesom. Key West na Floride nasledoval s podobn\u00fdm opatren\u00edm. Palau a Americk\u00e9 Panensk\u00e9 ostrovy za\u0161li e\u0161te \u010falej a obmedzili \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed zoznam chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok spojen\u00fdch s po\u0161kodzovan\u00edm \u00fatesov.<\/p>\n

Okrem t\u00fdchto z\u00e1kazov zost\u00e1va trh z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti neregulovan\u00fd. Ozna\u010denie ako „reef safe“ (bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pre \u00fatesy) alebo „reef friendly“ (\u0161etrn\u00e9 k \u00fatesom) nemaj\u00fa \u017eiadnu v\u0161eobecne platn\u00fa defin\u00edciu ani normu.\u00a0„\u013dudia si na f\u013ea\u0161u m\u00f4\u017eu nap\u00edsa\u0165, \u010do sa im zap\u00e1\u010di a neexistuje \u017eiadna kontrola, \u017eiadne testovanie ani \u0161tandardiz\u00e1cia,“ uviedol Michael Sweet, ved\u00faci V\u00fdskumn\u00e9ho centra pre rie\u0161enia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pr\u00edrode a Vodn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumn\u00e9ho strediska na Univerzite v Derby v Anglicku.\u00a0„Pri laborat\u00f3rnych experimentoch niektor\u00e9 pr\u00edpravky ‚zni\u010dili koraly priamo pred mojimi o\u010dami‘,“ povedal Sweet. „Ke\u010f to vid\u00edte, napadne v\u00e1s, \u010do sa ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 dost\u00e1va do na\u0161ich oce\u00e1nov – \u010di u\u017e ide o \u0161amp\u00f3ny, pr\u00edpravky na starostlivos\u0165 o ple\u0165, kondicion\u00e9ry alebo sprchov\u00e9 g\u00e9ly. V\u0161etky tieto l\u00e1tky sa dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa do na\u0161ich riek a nakoniec aj do oce\u00e1nov,“ dodal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"NEW YORK – V\u017edy, ke\u010f si idete zapl\u00e1va\u0165, zostane po v\u00e1s v mori trocha ochrann\u00e9ho slne\u010dn\u00e9ho kr\u00e9mu. Po\u010das…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":66206,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[856,25631,8111,33,25630,43,40,42,36,50,49,48],"class_list":{"0":"post-66205","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-dovolenka","9":"tag-korale","10":"tag-more","11":"tag-news","12":"tag-opalovaci-krem","13":"tag-sk","14":"tag-slovak","15":"tag-slovencina","16":"tag-spravy","17":"tag-svet","18":"tag-world","19":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116550716931144182","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66205","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66205"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66205\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}