BERN – Vedci vyvolali otrasy zeme na juhu \u0160vaj\u010diarska a v kontrolovanom prostred\u00ed spustili tis\u00edcky drobn\u00fdch zemetrasen\u00ed, aby z\u00edskali nov\u00e9 poznatky o seizmickej aktivite, ktor\u00e9 by mohli zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 ich rizik\u00e1. \u201eBol to \u00faspech!\u201c povedal Domenico Giardini, jeden z hlavn\u00fdch v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov projektu, ke\u010f si prezeral prasklinu v skalnej stene \u00fazkeho tunela hlboko pod \u0161vaj\u010diarskymi Alpami. Informuje o tom agent\u00fara AFP.<\/p>\n
\u201eMali sme seizmick\u00fa aktivitu,\u201c povedal Giradini, ktor\u00fd je profesorom geol\u00f3gie na Feder\u00e1lnom technologickom in\u0161tit\u00fate (ETH Z\u00fcrich), a vysvetlil, \u017ee cie\u013eom bolo \u201epochopi\u0165, \u010do sa deje v h\u013abke, ke\u010f sa Zem pohybuje\u201c. Giardini o tom pre AFP rozpr\u00e1val v laborat\u00f3riu BedrettoLab, vybudovanom uprostred \u00fazkeho 5,2-kilometrov\u00e9ho ventila\u010dn\u00e9ho tunela ved\u00faceho k \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e9mu tunelu Furka.<\/p>\n
Do podzemn\u00e9ho laborat\u00f3ria sa d\u00e1 dosta\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lne upraven\u00fdmi elektrick\u00fdmi vozidlami, ktor\u00e9 sa pohybuj\u00fa po bet\u00f3nov\u00fdch paneloch polo\u017een\u00fdch na blatistom podklade v tmavej a vlhkej chodbe. Pod\u013ea Giardiniho ide o ide\u00e1lne miesto na vyvolanie a sk\u00famanie zemetrasen\u00ed. \u201eJe to perfektn\u00e9, lebo nad nami je kilometer a pol hory… a m\u00f4\u017eeme zbl\u00edzka sledova\u0165 zlomy, ako sa pohybuj\u00fa, kedy sa pohybuj\u00fa, a dokonca ich m\u00f4\u017eeme rozh\u00fdba\u0165 sami,\u201c povedal pre agent\u00faru.<\/p>\n
Vedci, ktor\u00ed sk\u00famaj\u00fa zemetrasenia, zvy\u010dajne umiest\u0148uj\u00fa senzory v bl\u00edzkosti zn\u00e1mych zlomov a \u010dakaj\u00fa. V BedrettoLabe v\u0161ak v\u00fdskumn\u00edci naplnili vopred vybran\u00fd zlom senzormi spolu s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00edstrojmi a n\u00e1sledne sa pok\u00fasili vyvola\u0165 jeho pohyb. Pri experimente nazvanom Fault Activation and Earthquake Rupture (FEAR-2) desiatky vedcov z celej Eur\u00f3py \u0161tyri dni na konci apr\u00edla nap\u00fa\u0161\u0165ali 750 kubick\u00fdch metrov vody do vrtov vyv\u0155tan\u00fdch v skaln\u00fdch sten\u00e1ch tunela s cie\u013eom vyvola\u0165 zemetrasenie s magnit\u00fadou 1.<\/p>\n
Pohyb existuj\u00facich zlomov<\/p>\n
\u201eNevytv\u00e1rame nov\u00fd zlom… len u\u013eah\u010dujeme jeho pohyb,\u201c povedal Giardini. Po\u010das experimentu sa kv\u00f4li bezpe\u010dnosti v tuneli nenach\u00e1dzali \u017eiadni \u013eudia a v\u0161etko bolo riaden\u00e9 na dia\u013eku z laborat\u00f3ria ETH Z\u00fcrich na severe \u0160vaj\u010diarska. Ke\u010f AFP nav\u0161t\u00edvila toto v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 pracovisko de\u0148 po za\u010diatku experimentu, vedci diskutovali o prv\u00fdch zn\u00e1mkach seizmickej aktivity zobrazen\u00fdch na monitoroch. \u201eToto je pos\u00favanie hran\u00edc vedy,\u201c povedal Ryan Schultz, seizmol\u00f3g \u0161pecializuj\u00faci sa na \u010dlovekom vyvolan\u00e9 zemetrasenia.<\/p>\n
Napokon sa im podarilo vyvola\u0165 pribli\u017ene 8000 mal\u00fdch seizmick\u00fdch udalost\u00ed nielen pozd\u013a\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho, ale aj okolo \u010fal\u0161\u00edch zlomov kolm\u00fdch na ten hlavn\u00fd. Ich lok\u00e1lna magnit\u00fada sa pohybovala od -5 do -0,14. \u201eNedosiahli sme cie\u013eov\u00fa magnit\u00fadu, ktor\u00fa sme si stanovili, ale dostali sme sa tesne pod \u0148u,\u201c povedal Giardini.<\/p>\n
Aj to v\u0161ak ozna\u010dil za obrovsk\u00fd \u00faspech a zd\u00f4raznil, \u017ee aj ke\u010f u\u017e existovali pokusy vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 drobn\u00e9 zemetrasenia v laborat\u00f3rnych podmienkach, \u201enikdy nie v takomto rozsahu a nikdy v takejto h\u013abke\u201c. Profesor hovor\u00ed, \u017ee ich zistenia pom\u00f4\u017eu ur\u010di\u0165 najlep\u0161ie uhly nap\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania vody na dosiahnutie magnit\u00fady 1 pri \u010fal\u0161om pokuse v BedrettoLabe, ktor\u00fd je napl\u00e1novan\u00fd na j\u00fan.<\/p>\n
Sila vyvolan\u00fdch otrasov<\/p>\n
Magnit\u00fada na Richterovej stupnici sa meria logaritmicky, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00e9 cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo predstavuje desa\u0165n\u00e1sobn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enie amplit\u00fady. Aj z\u00e1porn\u00e9 magnit\u00fady s\u00fa v\u0161ak cite\u013en\u00e9. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto by st\u00e1l bl\u00edzko zlomu po\u010das najsilnej\u0161\u00edch vyvolan\u00fdch otrasov s magnit\u00fadou -0,14, by poc\u00edtil zr\u00fdchlenie \u201e1,5 G,\u201c teda jeden a pol n\u00e1sobok \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho gravita\u010dn\u00e9ho zr\u00fdchlenia, uviedol Giardini.<\/p>\n
Na povrchu v\u0161ak nebolo c\u00edti\u0165 ni\u010d a vedec zd\u00f4raznil, \u017ee \u201enamazan\u00edm\u201c existuj\u00faceho zlomu, zv\u00fd\u0161ili hrozbu len \u201easi o jedno percento prirodzen\u00e9ho rizika\u201c. Experiment bol pod\u013ea neho \u00faplne \u201ebezpe\u010dn\u00fd\u201c. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 vysvetlil v\u00fdznam v\u00fdskumu s t\u00fdm, \u017ee \u201eak zvl\u00e1dneme vyvola\u0165 zemetrasenia ur\u010ditej ve\u013ekosti, potom budeme vedie\u0165 aj to, ako ich nevyvola\u0165.\u201c To je pod\u013ea profesora mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pri podzemn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch, ako s\u00fa v\u00fdkopov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce \u010di \u0165a\u017eba.<\/p>\n
Ako pr\u00edklad uviedol zemetrasenia sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 injekt\u00e1\u017eou odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d pri hydraulickom \u0161tiepen\u00ed s\u00favisiacom s \u0165a\u017ebou nerastn\u00fdch surov\u00edn v americkom Texase. Spomenul tie\u017e zemetrasenie s magnit\u00fadou 5,4 v juhok\u00f3rejskom meste Pchohang v novembri 2017, ktor\u00e9 bolo vyvolan\u00e9 nap\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00edm vody v prvej experiment\u00e1lnej geoterm\u00e1lnej elektr\u00e1rni krajiny. \u201eBez toho, aby si to uvedomili, za\u010dali nap\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 vodu a spustili indukovan\u00fa seizmick\u00fa aktivitu na ve\u013ekom zlome, \u010d\u00edm vytvorili ve\u013emi v\u00e1\u017ene zemetrasenie,\u201c upozornil Giardini.\u00a0\u201eNehovor\u00edme, \u017ee by sme nemali \u00eds\u0165 pod zem,\u201c ale \u201emus\u00edme sa to nau\u010di\u0165 robi\u0165 bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie,\u201c uzavrel tento uzn\u00e1van\u00fd profesor geol\u00f3gie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"BERN – Vedci vyvolali otrasy zeme na juhu \u0160vaj\u010diarska a v kontrolovanom prostred\u00ed spustili tis\u00edcky drobn\u00fdch zemetrasen\u00ed, aby…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":68839,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[15507,26351,33,43,40,42,36,4949,50,49,48],"class_list":{"0":"post-68838","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-alpy","9":"tag-kontrolovane-zemetrasenia","10":"tag-news","11":"tag-sk","12":"tag-slovak","13":"tag-slovencina","14":"tag-spravy","15":"tag-svajciarsko","16":"tag-svet","17":"tag-world","18":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116567165134389910","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68838"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68838\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}