{"id":70514,"date":"2026-05-15T11:30:10","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T11:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/70514\/"},"modified":"2026-05-15T11:30:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T11:30:10","slug":"ceski-vedci-prekvapili-svet-novy-material-vsetko-meni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/70514\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cesk\u00ed vedci prekvapili svet, nov\u00fd materi\u00e1l v\u0161etko men\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

OSTRAVA – Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd t\u00edm vedcov, ktor\u00e9ho s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou boli aj odborn\u00edci z V\u0160B-Technickej univerzity Ostrava (V\u0160B-TUO) a Univerzity Palack\u00e9ho v Olomouci, vyvinul materi\u00e1l zalo\u017een\u00fd na at\u00f3mov\u017eeleza a uhl\u00edku. Umo\u017en\u00ed nielen premeni\u0165 odpadov\u00e9 plasty na u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 produkty, ale aj zlacni\u0165 v\u00fdrobu d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed a lie\u010div. Informovala hovorky\u0148a V\u0160B-TUO Petra Hal\u00edkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Vedci sa zamerali na recykl\u00e1ciu polystyr\u00e9nu, ktor\u00e9ho svetov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba presahuje 20 mili\u00f3nov ton ro\u010dne. Recykluje sa v\u0161ak iba jedno a\u017e tri percent\u00e1 produkcie a s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby recykl\u00e1cie s\u00fa pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov bu\u010f ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, zlo\u017eit\u00e9 alebo za\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. „Mechanick\u00e1 recykl\u00e1cia polystyr\u00e9nu vedie k zhor\u0161eniu kvality v\u00fdrobku a jeho obmedzen\u00e9mu vyu\u017eitiu. Pyrol\u00fdza je energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, vy\u017eaduje vysok\u00e9 teploty a v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 zmes chemik\u00e1li\u00ed sa mus\u00ed zlo\u017eito \u010disti\u0165. Preto sme vyv\u00edjali \u0161etrn\u00fa n\u00edzkoteplotn\u00fa technol\u00f3giu, ktor\u00e1 s pomocou kysl\u00edka a amoniaku dovol\u00ed pripravi\u0165 benzonitril. Ide o ve\u013emi cenn\u00fa chemik\u00e1liu, ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei ako k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd stavebn\u00fd blok pre v\u00fdrobu lie\u010div, hnoj\u00edv a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch priemyseln\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed,\u201cuviedol jeden z hlavn\u00fdch autorov pr\u00e1ce Radek Zbo\u0159il.<\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (2)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

undefined\t\u00a0(Zdroj: Getty Images)<\/p>\n

Premena je\u00a0n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1<\/p>\n

Premena polystyr\u00e9nu aj \u010fal\u0161\u00edch organick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn na nitrily je ale n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Ich chemick\u00e9 v\u00e4zby s\u00fa toti\u017e stabiln\u00e9 a \u0165a\u017eko sa \u0161tiepia. Vedci preto vyvinuli katalyz\u00e1tor, ktor\u00fd zni\u017euje reak\u010dn\u00fa teplotu a zvy\u0161uje v\u00fd\u0165a\u017eok d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9ho produktu. Jeho z\u00e1kladom s\u00fa at\u00f3my \u017eeleza rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 v uhl\u00edkovom nosi\u010di a stabilizovan\u00e9 at\u00f3my dus\u00edka a b\u00f3ru. Nov\u00fd katalyz\u00e1tor pritom nem\u00e1 vyu\u017eitie len pri polystyr\u00e9ne. Na d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nitrily, ktor\u00e9 sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v ch\u00e9mii a farm\u00e1cii, napr\u00edklad pri v\u00fdrobe antidepres\u00edv alebo liekov na lie\u010dbu diabetu, dok\u00e1\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinne premeni\u0165 desiatky organick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn.<\/p>\n

„At\u00f3mov\u00fd katalyz\u00e1tor je nesmierne univerz\u00e1lny. \u00daspe\u0161ne sme ho pou\u017eili pri v\u00fdrobe asi 60 chemik\u00e1li\u00ed na b\u00e1ze nitrilov, vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch vo farm\u00e1cii aj priemyselnej ch\u00e9mii. Pracujeme pri v\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch ako existuj\u00faca priemyseln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba a v\u010faka usmerneniu reakcie produkujeme len minimum odpadov\u00fdch produktov. V prietokovom reaktore sme pri premene polystyr\u00e9nu preuk\u00e1zali stabilitu materi\u00e1lu v r\u00e1de mnoh\u00fdch dn\u00ed, \u010do s\u00fa ve\u013emi pozit\u00edvne v\u00fdsledky pre presun technol\u00f3gie do praxe,\u201cdoplnil Zbo\u0159il.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"OSTRAVA – Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd t\u00edm vedcov, ktor\u00e9ho s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou boli aj odborn\u00edci z V\u0160B-Technickej univerzity Ostrava (V\u0160B-TUO) a Univerzity Palack\u00e9ho…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":70515,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[168,33,13836,43,40,42,36,50,10885,5343,49,48],"class_list":["post-70514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-cesko","tag-news","tag-polystyren","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-veda","tag-vedci","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116578367812053260","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70514"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70514\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}